style(agent): fix formatting in approval TOCTOU fix

Apply cargo fmt to resolve CI formatting check failure.

https://claude.ai/code/session_013ZCQWoFHv2hASgHEGHzptg

.env.example

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ DATABASE_POOL_SIZE=10
 
 # LLM Provider
 # LLM_BACKEND=nearai           # default
-# Possible values: nearai, ollama, openai_compatible, openai, anthropic, tinfoil
+# Possible values: nearai, ollama, openai_compatible, openai, anthropic, github_copilot, tinfoil, openai_codex
 # LLM_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_SECS=120  # Increase for local LLMs (Ollama, vLLM, LM Studio)
 
 # === Anthropic Direct ===
@@ -24,6 +24,17 @@ DATABASE_POOL_SIZE=10
 # LLM_USE_CODEX_AUTH=true
 # CODEX_AUTH_PATH=~/.codex/auth.json
 
+# === GitHub Copilot ===
+# Uses the OAuth token from your Copilot IDE sign-in (for example
+# ~/.config/github-copilot/apps.json on Linux/macOS), or run `ironclaw onboard`
+# and choose the GitHub device login flow.
+# LLM_BACKEND=github_copilot
+# GITHUB_COPILOT_TOKEN=gho_...
+# GITHUB_COPILOT_MODEL=gpt-4o
+# IronClaw injects standard VS Code Copilot headers automatically.
+# Optional advanced headers for custom overrides:
+# GITHUB_COPILOT_EXTRA_HEADERS=Copilot-Integration-Id:vscode-chat
+
 # === NEAR AI (Chat Completions API) ===
 # Two auth modes:
 #   1. Session token (default): Uses browser OAuth (GitHub/Google) on first run.
@@ -31,7 +42,7 @@ DATABASE_POOL_SIZE=10
 #      Base URL defaults to https://private.near.ai
 #   2. API key: Set NEARAI_API_KEY to use API key auth from cloud.near.ai.
 #      Base URL defaults to https://cloud-api.near.ai
-NEARAI_MODEL=zai-org/GLM-5-FP8
+NEARAI_MODEL=Qwen/Qwen3.5-122B-A10B
 NEARAI_BASE_URL=https://private.near.ai
 NEARAI_AUTH_URL=https://private.near.ai
 # NEARAI_SESSION_TOKEN=sess_...                  # hosting providers: set this
@@ -92,6 +103,13 @@ NEARAI_AUTH_URL=https://private.near.ai
 #   long  = 1-hour TTL, 2.0× (200%) write surcharge
 # ANTHROPIC_CACHE_RETENTION=short
 
+# === OpenAI Codex (ChatGPT subscription, OAuth) ===
+# LLM_BACKEND=openai_codex
+# OPENAI_CODEX_MODEL=gpt-5.3-codex              # default
+# OPENAI_CODEX_CLIENT_ID=app_EMoamEEZ73f0CkXaXp7hrann  # override (rare)
+# OPENAI_CODEX_AUTH_URL=https://auth.openai.com  # override (rare)
+# OPENAI_CODEX_API_URL=https://chatgpt.com/backend-api/codex  # override (rare)
+
 # For full provider setup guide see docs/LLM_PROVIDERS.md
 
 # Channel Configuration

.github/workflows/regression-test-check.yml

@@ -43,12 +43,42 @@ jobs:
             fi
           fi
 
-          if [ "$IS_FIX" = false ]; then
-            echo "Not a fix PR — skipping regression test check."
+          # --- 1b. Does this PR touch high-risk state machine or resilience code? ---
+          CHANGED_FILES=$(git diff --name-only "${BASE_REF}...${HEAD_REF}")
+
+          TOUCHES_HIGH_RISK=false
+          HIGH_RISK_PATTERNS=(
+            "src/context/state.rs"
+            "src/agent/session.rs"
+            "src/llm/circuit_breaker.rs"
+            "src/llm/retry.rs"
+            "src/llm/failover.rs"
+            "src/agent/self_repair.rs"
+            "src/agent/agentic_loop.rs"
+            "src/tools/execute.rs"
+            "crates/ironclaw_safety/src/"
+          )
+
+          for pattern in "${HIGH_RISK_PATTERNS[@]}"; do
+            if echo "$CHANGED_FILES" | grep -q "$pattern"; then
+              TOUCHES_HIGH_RISK=true
+              echo "High-risk file matched: $pattern"
+              break
+            fi
+          done
+
+          # Skip only if NEITHER condition holds — no double-firing on fix PRs
+          if [ "$IS_FIX" = false ] && [ "$TOUCHES_HIGH_RISK" = false ]; then
+            echo "Not a fix PR and no high-risk files changed — skipping."
             exit 0
           fi
 
-          echo "Fix PR detected."
+          if [ "$IS_FIX" = true ]; then
+            echo "Fix PR detected."
+          fi
+          if [ "$TOUCHES_HIGH_RISK" = true ]; then
+            echo "High-risk state machine or resilience code modified."
+          fi
 
           # --- 2. Skip label or commit message marker ---
           if grep -qF ',skip-regression-check,' <<< ",$PR_LABELS,"; then
@@ -63,8 +93,6 @@ jobs:
           fi
 
           # --- 3. Exempt static-only / docs-only changes ---
-          CHANGED_FILES=$(git diff --name-only "${BASE_REF}...${HEAD_REF}")
-
           if [ -z "$CHANGED_FILES" ]; then
             echo "No changed files — skipping."
             exit 0
@@ -110,5 +138,12 @@ jobs:
           fi
 
           # --- 5. No tests found ---
-          echo "::warning::This PR looks like a bug fix but contains no test changes. Every fix should include a regression test. Add a #[test] or #[tokio::test], or apply the 'skip-regression-check' label if not feasible."
+          if [ "$IS_FIX" = true ]; then
+            echo "::warning::This PR looks like a bug fix but contains no test changes."
+          fi
+          if [ "$TOUCHES_HIGH_RISK" = true ]; then
+            echo "::warning::This PR modifies high-risk state machine or resilience code but includes no test changes."
+          fi
+          echo "::warning::Please add tests exercising the changed behavior, or apply the 'skip-regression-check' label if not feasible."
           exit 1
+

AGENTS.md

@@ -1,6 +1,94 @@
 # Agent Rules
 
-## Feature Parity Update Policy
+## Purpose and Precedence
 
+- `AGENTS.md` is the quick-start contract for coding agents. It is not the full architecture spec.
+- Read the relevant subsystem spec before changing a complex area. When a repo spec exists, treat it as authoritative.
+Start with these deeper docs as needed:
+- `CLAUDE.md`
+- `src/agent/CLAUDE.md`
+- `src/channels/web/CLAUDE.md`
+- `src/db/CLAUDE.md`
+- `src/llm/CLAUDE.md`
+- `src/setup/README.md`
+- `src/tools/README.md`
+- `src/workspace/README.md`
+- `src/NETWORK_SECURITY.md`
+- `tests/e2e/CLAUDE.md`
+
+## Architecture Mental Model
+
+- Channels normalize external input into `IncomingMessage`; `ChannelManager` merges all active channel streams.
+- `Agent` owns session/thread/turn handling, submission parsing, the LLM/tool loop, approvals, routines, and background runtime behavior.
+- `AppBuilder` is the composition root that wires database, secrets, LLMs, tools, workspace, extensions, skills, hooks, and cost controls before the agent starts.
+- The web gateway is a browser-facing API/UI layered on top of the same agent/session/tool systems, not a separate product path.
+
+## Where to Work
+
+- Agent/runtime behavior: `src/agent/`
+- Web gateway/API/SSE/WebSocket: `src/channels/web/`
+- Persistence and DB abstractions: `src/db/`
+- Setup/onboarding/configuration flow: `src/setup/`
+- LLM providers and routing: `src/llm/`
+- Workspace, memory, embeddings, search: `src/workspace/`
+- Extensions, tools, channels, MCP, WASM: `src/extensions/`, `src/tools/`, `src/channels/`
+
+## Ownership and Composition Rules
+
+- Keep `src/main.rs` and `src/app.rs` orchestration-focused. Do not move module-owned logic into entrypoints.
+- Module-specific initialization should live in the owning module behind a public factory/helper, not be reimplemented ad hoc.
+- Keep feature-flag branching inside the module that owns the abstraction whenever possible.
+- Prefer extending existing traits and registries over hardcoding one-off integration paths.
+
+## Repo-Wide Coding Rules
+
+- Avoid `.unwrap()` and `.expect()` in production; prefer proper error handling. They are fine in tests, and in production only for truly infallible invariants (e.g., literals/regexes) with a safety comment.
+- Keep clippy clean with zero warnings.
+- Prefer `crate::` imports for cross-module references.
+- Use strong types and enums over stringly-typed control flow when the shape is known.
+
+## Database, Setup, and Config Rules
+
+- New persistence behavior must support both PostgreSQL and libSQL.
+- Add new DB operations to the shared DB trait first, then implement both backends.
+- Treat bootstrap config, DB-backed settings, and encrypted secrets as distinct layers; do not collapse them casually.
+- If onboarding or setup behavior changes, update `src/setup/README.md` in the same branch.
+- Do not break config precedence, bootstrap env loading, DB-backed config reload, or post-secrets LLM re-resolution.
+
+## Security and Runtime Invariants
+
+- Review any change touching listeners, routes, auth, secrets, sandboxing, approvals, or outbound HTTP with a security mindset.
+- Do not weaken bearer-token auth, webhook auth, CORS/origin checks, body limits, rate limits, allowlists, or secret-handling guarantees.
+- Treat Docker containers and external services as untrusted.
+- Session/thread/turn state matters. Submission parsing happens before normal chat handling.
+- Skills are selected deterministically. Tool approval and auth flows are special paths and must not be mixed into normal chat history carelessly.
+- Persistent memory is the workspace system, not just transcript storage; preserve file-like semantics, chunking/search behavior, and identity/system-prompt loading.
+
+## Tools, Channels, and Extensions
+
+- Use a built-in Rust tool for core internal capabilities tightly coupled to the runtime.
+- Use WASM tools or WASM channels for sandboxed extensions and plugin-style integrations.
+- Use MCP for external server integrations when the capability belongs outside the main binary.
+- Preserve extension lifecycle expectations: install, authenticate/configure, activate, remove.
+
+## Docs, Parity, and Testing
+
+- If behavior changes, update the relevant docs/specs in the same branch.
 - If you change implementation status for any feature tracked in `FEATURE_PARITY.md`, update that file in the same branch.
 - Do not open a PR that changes feature behavior without checking `FEATURE_PARITY.md` for needed status updates (`❌`, `🚧`, `✅`, notes, and priorities).
+- Add the narrowest tests that validate the change: unit tests for local logic, integration tests for runtime/DB/routing behavior, and E2E or trace coverage for gateway, approvals, extensions, or other user-visible flows.
+
+## Risk and Change Discipline
+
+- Keep changes scoped; avoid broad refactors unless the task truly requires them.
+- Security, database schema, runtime, worker, CI, and secrets changes are high-risk. Call out rollback risks, compatibility concerns, and hidden side effects.
+- Preserve existing defaults unless the task explicitly changes them.
+- Avoid unrelated file churn and generated-file edits unless required.
+- Respect a dirty worktree and never revert user changes you did not make.
+
+## Before Finishing
+
+- Confirm whether behavior changes require updates to `FEATURE_PARITY.md`, specs, API docs, or `CHANGELOG.md`.
+- Run the most targeted tests/checks that cover the change.
+- Re-check security-sensitive paths when touching auth, secrets, network listeners, sandboxing, or approvals.
+- Keep the final diff scoped to the task.

CLAUDE.md

@@ -158,6 +158,8 @@ src/
 │
 ├── secrets/            # Secrets management (AES-256-GCM, OS keychain for master key)
 │
+├── profile.rs          # Psychographic profile types, 9-dimension analysis framework
+│
 ├── setup/              # 7-step onboarding wizard — see src/setup/README.md
 │
 ├── skills/             # SKILL.md prompt extension system — see .claude/rules/skills.md

Cargo.lock

@@ -2339,7 +2339,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "39cab71617ae0d63f51a36d69f866391735b51691dbda63cf6f96d042b63efeb"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
- "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+ "windows-sys 0.59.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5575,7 +5575,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "errno",
  "libc",
  "linux-raw-sys 0.12.1",
- "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+ "windows-sys 0.59.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5624,7 +5624,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "ring",
  "rustls-pki-types",
- "rustls-webpki 0.103.9",
+ "rustls-webpki 0.103.10",
  "subtle",
  "zeroize",
 ]
@@ -5696,9 +5696,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustls-webpki"
-version = "0.103.9"
+version = "0.103.10"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d7df23109aa6c1567d1c575b9952556388da57401e4ace1d15f79eedad0d8f53"
+checksum = "df33b2b81ac578cabaf06b89b0631153a3f416b0a886e8a7a1707fb51abbd1ef"
 dependencies = [
  "aws-lc-rs",
  "ring",
@@ -6479,10 +6479,10 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "32497e9a4c7b38532efcdebeef879707aa9f794296a4f0244f6f69e9bc8574bd"
 dependencies = [
  "fastrand",
- "getrandom 0.3.4",
+ "getrandom 0.4.2",
  "once_cell",
  "rustix 1.1.4",
- "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+ "windows-sys 0.59.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]

FEATURE_PARITY.md

@@ -242,6 +242,7 @@ This document tracks feature parity between IronClaw (Rust implementation) and O
 | OpenRouter | ✅ | ✅ | - | Via OpenAI-compatible provider (RigAdapter) |
 | Tinfoil | ❌ | ✅ | - | Private inference provider (IronClaw-only) |
 | OpenAI-compatible | ❌ | ✅ | - | Generic OpenAI-compatible endpoint (RigAdapter) |
+| GitHub Copilot | ✅ | ✅ | - | Dedicated provider with OAuth token exchange (`GithubCopilotProvider`) |
 | Ollama (local) | ✅ | ✅ | - | via `rig::providers::ollama` (full support) |
 | Perplexity | ✅ | ❌ | P3 | Freshness parameter for web_search |
 | MiniMax | ✅ | ❌ | P3 | Regional endpoint selection |
@@ -465,7 +466,7 @@ This document tracks feature parity between IronClaw (Rust implementation) and O
 | Device pairing | ✅ | ❌ | |
 | Tailscale identity | ✅ | ❌ | |
 | Trusted-proxy auth | ✅ | ❌ | Header-based reverse proxy auth |
-| OAuth flows | ✅ | 🚧 | NEAR AI OAuth |
+| OAuth flows | ✅ | 🚧 | NEAR AI OAuth plus hosted extension/MCP OAuth broker; external auth-proxy rollout still pending |
 | DM pairing verification | ✅ | ✅ | ironclaw pairing approve, host APIs |
 | Allowlist/blocklist | ✅ | 🚧 | allow_from + pairing store |
 | Per-group tool policies | ✅ | ❌ | |

README.md

@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ written to `~/.ironclaw/.env` so they are available before the database connects
 ### Alternative LLM Providers
 
 IronClaw defaults to NEAR AI but supports many LLM providers out of the box.
-Built-in providers include **Anthropic**, **OpenAI**, **Google Gemini**, **MiniMax**,
+Built-in providers include **Anthropic**, **OpenAI**, **GitHub Copilot**, **Google Gemini**, **MiniMax**,
 **Mistral**, and **Ollama** (local). OpenAI-compatible services like **OpenRouter**
 (300+ models), **Together AI**, **Fireworks AI**, and self-hosted servers (**vLLM**,
 **LiteLLM**) are also supported.

README.zh-CN.md

@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ ironclaw onboard
 ### 替代 LLM 提供商
 
 IronClaw 默认使用 NEAR AI，但开箱即用地支持多种 LLM 提供商。
-内置提供商包括 **Anthropic**、**OpenAI**、**Google Gemini**、**MiniMax**、**Mistral** 和 **Ollama**（本地部署）。同时也支持 OpenAI 兼容服务，如 **OpenRouter**（300+ 模型）、**Together AI**、**Fireworks AI** 以及自托管服务器（**vLLM**、**LiteLLM**）。
+内置提供商包括 **Anthropic**、**OpenAI**、**GitHub Copilot**、**Google Gemini**、**MiniMax**、**Mistral** 和 **Ollama**（本地部署）。同时也支持 OpenAI 兼容服务，如 **OpenRouter**（300+ 模型）、**Together AI**、**Fireworks AI** 以及自托管服务器（**vLLM**、**LiteLLM**）。
 
 在向导中选择你的提供商，或直接设置环境变量：
 

channels-src/feishu/src/lib.rs

@@ -206,9 +206,17 @@ struct FeishuApiResponse<T> {
     data: Option<T>,
 }
 
-/// Tenant access token response.
-#[derive(Debug, Default, Deserialize)]
-struct TenantAccessTokenData {
+/// Tenant access token response (flat format).
+///
+/// Unlike most Feishu APIs that nest results under `data`, the
+/// `/auth/v3/tenant_access_token/internal` endpoint returns `code`, `msg`,
+/// `tenant_access_token`, and `expire` at the top level.
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+struct TenantAccessTokenResponse {
+    #[serde(default)]
+    code: i32,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    msg: String,
     tenant_access_token: String,
     expire: i64,
 }
@@ -770,9 +778,8 @@ fn obtain_tenant_token(api_base: &str) -> Result<String, String> {
                 ));
             }
 
-            let token_resp: FeishuApiResponse<TenantAccessTokenData> =
-                serde_json::from_slice(&response.body)
-                    .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to parse token response: {}", e))?;
+            let token_resp: TenantAccessTokenResponse = serde_json::from_slice(&response.body)
+                .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to parse token response: {}", e))?;
 
             if token_resp.code != 0 {
                 return Err(format!(
@@ -781,23 +788,33 @@ fn obtain_tenant_token(api_base: &str) -> Result<String, String> {
                 ));
             }
 
-            let data = token_resp
-                .data
-                .ok_or_else(|| "Token response missing data".to_string())?;
+            if token_resp.tenant_access_token.is_empty() {
+                return Err("Token response missing tenant_access_token".to_string());
+            }
+
+            if token_resp.expire <= 0 {
+                return Err(format!(
+                    "Token response has invalid expire value: {}",
+                    token_resp.expire
+                ));
+            }
 
             // Cache the token with expiry.
             let now = channel_host::now_millis();
-            let expiry = now + (data.expire as u64) * 1000;
+            let expiry = now.saturating_add((token_resp.expire as u64).saturating_mul(1000));
 
-            let _ = channel_host::workspace_write(TOKEN_PATH, &data.tenant_access_token);
+            let _ = channel_host::workspace_write(TOKEN_PATH, &token_resp.tenant_access_token);
             let _ = channel_host::workspace_write(TOKEN_EXPIRY_PATH, &expiry.to_string());
 
             channel_host::log(
                 channel_host::LogLevel::Debug,
-                &format!("Tenant access token refreshed, expires in {}s", data.expire),
+                &format!(
+                    "Tenant access token refreshed, expires in {}s",
+                    token_resp.expire
+                ),
             );
 
-            Ok(data.tenant_access_token)
+            Ok(token_resp.tenant_access_token)
         }
         Err(e) => Err(format!("Token exchange request failed: {}", e)),
     }
@@ -819,3 +836,60 @@ fn json_response(status: u16, body: serde_json::Value) -> OutgoingHttpResponse {
         body: body_bytes,
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_flat_token_response() {
+        let json = r#"{
+            "code": 0,
+            "msg": "ok",
+            "tenant_access_token": "t-abc123",
+            "expire": 7200
+        }"#;
+        let resp: TenantAccessTokenResponse = serde_json::from_str(json).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(resp.code, 0);
+        assert_eq!(resp.msg, "ok");
+        assert_eq!(resp.tenant_access_token, "t-abc123");
+        assert_eq!(resp.expire, 7200);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_token_response_rejects_missing_token() {
+        let json = r#"{"code": 0, "msg": "ok", "expire": 7200}"#;
+        let result: Result<TenantAccessTokenResponse, _> = serde_json::from_str(json);
+        assert!(result.is_err(), "should fail when tenant_access_token is missing");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_token_response_rejects_missing_expire() {
+        let json = r#"{"code": 0, "msg": "ok", "tenant_access_token": "t-abc"}"#;
+        let result: Result<TenantAccessTokenResponse, _> = serde_json::from_str(json);
+        assert!(result.is_err(), "should fail when expire is missing");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_token_response_defaults_code_and_msg() {
+        let json = r#"{"tenant_access_token": "t-abc", "expire": 3600}"#;
+        let resp: TenantAccessTokenResponse = serde_json::from_str(json).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(resp.code, 0);
+        assert_eq!(resp.msg, "");
+        assert_eq!(resp.tenant_access_token, "t-abc");
+        assert_eq!(resp.expire, 3600);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_token_error_response() {
+        let json = r#"{
+            "code": 10003,
+            "msg": "invalid app_id",
+            "tenant_access_token": "",
+            "expire": 0
+        }"#;
+        let resp: TenantAccessTokenResponse = serde_json::from_str(json).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(resp.code, 10003);
+        assert!(resp.tenant_access_token.is_empty());
+    }
+}

crates/ironclaw_safety/src/lib.rs

@@ -243,6 +243,18 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(wrapped.contains("Hello <world>"));
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn test_wrap_for_llm_escapes_attr_chars() {
+        let config = SafetyConfig {
+            max_output_length: 100_000,
+            injection_check_enabled: true,
+        };
+        let safety = SafetyLayer::new(&config);
+
+        let wrapped = safety.wrap_for_llm("bad&\"<>name", "ok", false);
+        assert!(wrapped.contains("name=\"bad&amp;&quot;&lt;&gt;name\"")); // safety: test assertion in #[cfg(test)] module
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_sanitize_action_forces_sanitization_when_injection_check_disabled() {
         let config = SafetyConfig {

deny.toml

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ ignore = [
     "RUSTSEC-2026-0020",
     # wasmtime wasi:http/types.fields panic — mitigated by fuel limits
     "RUSTSEC-2026-0021",
+    # rustls-webpki CRL distributionPoint matching — 0.102.8 pinned by libsql transitive dep
+    "RUSTSEC-2026-0049",
 ]
 
 [licenses]

docs/LLM_PROVIDERS.md

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ configurations.
 | Yandex AI Studio | `yandex` | `YANDEX_API_KEY` | YandexGPT models |
 | MiniMax | `minimax` | `MINIMAX_API_KEY` | MiniMax-M2.7 models |
 | Cloudflare Workers AI | `cloudflare` | `CLOUDFLARE_API_KEY` | Access to Workers AI |
+| GitHub Copilot | `github_copilot` | `GITHUB_COPILOT_TOKEN` | Multi-models |
 | Ollama | `ollama` | No | Local inference |
 | AWS Bedrock | `bedrock` | AWS credentials | Native Converse API |
 | OpenRouter | `openai_compatible` | `LLM_API_KEY` | 300+ models |
@@ -61,6 +62,34 @@ Popular models: `gpt-4o`, `gpt-4o-mini`, `o3-mini`
 
 ---
 
+## GitHub Copilot
+
+GitHub Copilot exposes chat endpoint at
+`https://api.githubcopilot.com`. IronClaw uses that endpoint directly through the
+built-in `github_copilot` provider.
+
+```env
+LLM_BACKEND=github_copilot
+GITHUB_COPILOT_TOKEN=gho_...
+GITHUB_COPILOT_MODEL=gpt-4o
+# Optional advanced headers if your setup needs them:
+# GITHUB_COPILOT_EXTRA_HEADERS=Copilot-Integration-Id:vscode-chat
+```
+
+`ironclaw onboard` can acquire this token for you using GitHub device login. If you
+already signed into Copilot through VS Code or a JetBrains IDE, you can also reuse
+the `oauth_token` stored in `~/.config/github-copilot/apps.json`. If you prefer,
+`LLM_BACKEND=github-copilot` also works as an alias.
+
+Popular models vary by subscription, but `gpt-4o` is a safe default. IronClaw keeps
+model entry manual for this provider because GitHub Copilot model listing may require
+extra integration headers on some clients. IronClaw automatically injects the standard
+VS Code identity headers (`User-Agent`, `Editor-Version`, `Editor-Plugin-Version`,
+`Copilot-Integration-Id`) and lets you override them with
+`GITHUB_COPILOT_EXTRA_HEADERS`.
+
+---
+
 ## Ollama (local)
 
 Install Ollama from [ollama.com](https://ollama.com), pull a model, then:

providers.json

@@ -77,6 +77,29 @@
       "can_list_models": false
     }
   },
+  {
+    "id": "github_copilot",
+    "aliases": [
+      "github-copilot",
+      "githubcopilot",
+      "copilot"
+    ],
+    "protocol": "github_copilot",
+    "default_base_url": "https://api.githubcopilot.com",
+    "api_key_env": "GITHUB_COPILOT_TOKEN",
+    "api_key_required": true,
+    "model_env": "GITHUB_COPILOT_MODEL",
+    "default_model": "gpt-4o",
+    "extra_headers_env": "GITHUB_COPILOT_EXTRA_HEADERS",
+    "description": "GitHub Copilot Chat API (OAuth token from IDE sign-in)",
+    "setup": {
+      "kind": "api_key",
+      "secret_name": "llm_github_copilot_token",
+      "key_url": "https://docs.github.com/en/copilot",
+      "display_name": "GitHub Copilot",
+      "can_list_models": false
+    }
+  },
   {
     "id": "tinfoil",
     "aliases": [],

registry/channels/telegram.json

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   "name": "telegram",
   "display_name": "Telegram Channel",
   "kind": "channel",
-  "version": "0.2.4",
+  "version": "0.2.5",
   "wit_version": "0.3.0",
   "description": "Talk to your agent through a Telegram bot",
   "keywords": [

skills/delegation/SKILL.md

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+---
+name: delegation
+version: 0.1.0
+description: Helps users delegate tasks, break them into steps, set deadlines, and track progress via routines and memory.
+activation:
+  keywords:
+    - delegate
+    - hand off
+    - assign task
+    - help me with
+    - take care of
+    - remind me to
+    - schedule
+    - plan my
+    - manage my
+    - track this
+  patterns:
+    - "can you.*handle"
+    - "I need (help|someone) to"
+    - "take over"
+    - "set up a reminder"
+    - "follow up on"
+  tags:
+    - personal-assistant
+    - task-management
+    - delegation
+  max_context_tokens: 1500
+---
+
+# Task Delegation Assistant
+
+When the user wants to delegate a task or get help managing something, follow this process:
+
+## 1. Clarify the Task
+
+Ask what needs to be done, by when, and any constraints. Get enough detail to act independently but don't over-interrogate. If the request is clear, skip straight to planning.
+
+## 2. Break It Down
+
+Decompose the task into concrete, actionable steps. Use `memory_write` to persist the task plan to a path like `tasks/{task-name}.md` with:
+- Clear description
+- Steps with checkboxes
+- Due date (if any)
+- Status: pending/in-progress/done
+
+## 3. Set Up Tracking
+
+If the task is recurring or has a deadline:
+- Create a routine using `routine_create` for scheduled check-ins
+- Add a heartbeat item if it needs daily monitoring
+- Set up an event-triggered routine if it depends on external input
+
+## 4. Use Profile Context
+
+Check `USER.md` for the user's preferences:
+- **Proactivity level**: High = check in frequently. Low = only report on completion.
+- **Communication style**: Match their preferred tone and detail level.
+- **Focus areas**: Prioritize tasks that align with their stated goals.
+
+## 5. Execute or Queue
+
+- If you can do it now (search, draft, organize, calculate), do it immediately.
+- If it requires waiting, external action, or follow-up, create a reminder routine.
+- If it requires tools you don't have, explain what's needed and suggest alternatives.
+
+## 6. Report Back
+
+Always confirm the plan with the user before starting execution. After completing, update the task file in memory and notify the user with a concise summary.
+
+## Communication Guidelines
+
+- Be direct and action-oriented
+- Confirm understanding before acting on ambiguous requests
+- When in doubt about autonomy level, ask once then remember the answer
+- Use `memory_write` to track delegation preferences for future reference

skills/routine-advisor/SKILL.md

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+---
+name: routine-advisor
+version: 0.1.0
+description: Suggests relevant cron routines based on user context, goals, and observed patterns
+activation:
+  keywords:
+    - every day
+    - every morning
+    - every week
+    - routine
+    - automate
+    - remind me
+    - check daily
+    - monitor
+    - recurring
+    - schedule
+    - habit
+    - workflow
+    - keep forgetting
+    - always have to
+    - repetitive
+    - notifications
+    - digest
+    - summary
+    - review daily
+    - weekly review
+  patterns:
+    - "I (always|usually|often|regularly) (check|do|look at|review)"
+    - "every (morning|evening|week|day|monday|friday)"
+    - "I (wish|want) (I|it) (could|would) (automatically|auto)"
+    - "is there a way to (auto|schedule|set up)"
+    - "can you (check|monitor|watch|track).*for me"
+    - "I keep (forgetting|missing|having to)"
+  tags:
+    - automation
+    - scheduling
+    - personal-assistant
+    - productivity
+  max_context_tokens: 1500
+---
+
+# Routine Advisor
+
+When the conversation suggests the user has a repeatable task or could benefit from automation, consider suggesting a routine.
+
+## When to Suggest
+
+Suggest a routine when you notice:
+- The user describes doing something repeatedly ("I check my PRs every morning")
+- The user mentions forgetting recurring tasks ("I keep forgetting to...")
+- The user asks you to do something that sounds periodic
+- You've learned enough about the user to propose a relevant automation
+- The user has installed extensions that enable new monitoring capabilities
+
+## How to Suggest
+
+Be specific and concrete. Not "Want me to set up a routine?" but rather: "I noticed you review PRs every morning. Want me to create a daily 9am routine that checks your open PRs and sends you a summary?"
+
+Always include:
+1. What the routine would do (specific action)
+2. When it would run (specific schedule in plain language)
+3. How it would notify them (which channel they're on)
+
+Wait for the user to confirm before creating.
+
+## Pacing
+
+- First 1-3 conversations: Do NOT suggest routines. Focus on helping and learning.
+- After learning 2-3 user patterns: Suggest your first routine. Keep it simple.
+- After 5+ conversations: Suggest more routines as patterns emerge.
+- Never suggest more than 1 routine per conversation unless the user is clearly interested.
+- If the user declines, wait at least 3 conversations before suggesting again.
+
+## Creating Routines
+
+Use the `routine_create` tool. Before creating, check `routine_list` to avoid duplicates.
+
+Parameters:
+- `trigger_type`: Usually "cron" for scheduled tasks
+- `schedule`: Standard cron format. Common schedules:
+  - Daily 9am: `0 9 * * *`
+  - Weekday mornings: `0 9 * * MON-FRI`
+  - Weekly Monday: `0 9 * * MON`
+  - Every 2 hours during work: `0 9-17/2 * * MON-FRI`
+  - Sunday evening: `0 18 * * SUN`
+- `action_type`: "lightweight" for simple checks, "full_job" for multi-step tasks
+- `prompt`: Clear, specific instruction for what the routine should do
+- `context_paths`: Workspace files to load as context (e.g., `["context/profile.json", "MEMORY.md"]`)
+
+## Routine Ideas by User Type
+
+**Developer:**
+- Daily PR review digest (check open PRs, summarize what needs attention)
+- CI/CD failure alerts (monitor build status)
+- Weekly dependency update check
+- Daily standup prep (summarize yesterday's work from daily logs)
+
+**Professional:**
+- Morning briefing (today's priorities from memory + any pending tasks)
+- End-of-day summary (what was accomplished, what's pending)
+- Weekly goal review (check progress against stated goals)
+- Meeting prep reminders
+
+**Health/Personal:**
+- Daily exercise or habit check-in
+- Weekly meal planning prompt
+- Monthly budget review reminder
+
+**General:**
+- Daily news digest on topics of interest
+- Weekly reflection prompt (what went well, what to improve)
+- Periodic task/reminder check-in
+- Regular cleanup of stale tasks or notes
+- Weekly profile evolution (if the user has a profile in `context/profile.json`, suggest a Monday routine that reads the profile via `memory_read`, searches recent conversations for new patterns with `memory_search`, and updates the profile via `memory_write` if any fields should change with confidence > 0.6 — be conservative, only update with clear evidence)
+
+## Awareness
+
+Before suggesting, consider what tools and extensions are currently available. Only suggest routines the agent can actually execute. If a routine would need a tool that isn't installed, mention that too: "If you connect your calendar, I could also send you a morning briefing with today's meetings."

src/agent/CLAUDE.md

@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ Check-insert is done under a single write lock to prevent TOCTOU races. A cleanu
 4. Detects broken tools via `store.get_broken_tools(5)` (threshold: 5 failures). Requires `with_store()` to be called; returns empty without a store.
 5. Attempts to rebuild broken tools via `SoftwareBuilder`. Requires `with_builder()` to be called; returns `ManualRequired` without a builder.
 
-Note: the `stuck_threshold` duration is stored but currently unused (marked `#[allow(dead_code)]`). Stuck detection relies on `JobState::Stuck` being set by the state machine, not wall-clock time comparison.
+The `stuck_threshold` duration is used for time-based detection of `InProgress` jobs that have been running longer than the threshold. When `detect_stuck_jobs()` finds such jobs, it transitions them to `Stuck` before returning them, enabling the normal `attempt_recovery()` path.
 
 Repair results: `Success`, `Retry`, `Failed`, `ManualRequired`. `Retry` does NOT notify the user (to avoid spam).
 

src/agent/agent_loop.rs

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use futures::StreamExt;
+use uuid::Uuid;
 
 use crate::agent::context_monitor::ContextMonitor;
 use crate::agent::heartbeat::spawn_heartbeat;
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ use crate::agent::routine_engine::{RoutineEngine, spawn_cron_ticker};
 use crate::agent::self_repair::{DefaultSelfRepair, RepairResult, SelfRepair};
 use crate::agent::session_manager::SessionManager;
 use crate::agent::submission::{Submission, SubmissionParser, SubmissionResult};
-use crate::agent::{HeartbeatConfig as AgentHeartbeatConfig, Router, Scheduler};
+use crate::agent::{HeartbeatConfig as AgentHeartbeatConfig, Router, Scheduler, SchedulerDeps};
 use crate::channels::{ChannelManager, IncomingMessage, OutgoingResponse};
 use crate::config::{AgentConfig, HeartbeatConfig, RoutineConfig, SkillsConfig};
 use crate::context::ContextManager;
@@ -31,6 +32,13 @@ use crate::skills::SkillRegistry;
 use crate::tools::ToolRegistry;
 use crate::workspace::Workspace;
 
+/// Static greeting persisted to DB and broadcast on first launch.
+///
+/// Sent before the LLM is involved so the user sees something immediately.
+/// The conversational onboarding (profile building, channel setup) happens
+/// organically in the subsequent turns driven by BOOTSTRAP.md.
+const BOOTSTRAP_GREETING: &str = include_str!("../workspace/seeds/GREETING.md");
+
 /// Collapse a tool output string into a single-line preview for display.
 pub(crate) fn truncate_for_preview(output: &str, max_chars: usize) -> String {
     let collapsed: String = output
@@ -113,6 +121,17 @@ async fn resolve_routine_notification_target(
     .await
 }
 
+pub(crate) fn chat_tool_execution_metadata(message: &IncomingMessage) -> serde_json::Value {
+    serde_json::json!({
+        "notify_channel": message.channel,
+        "notify_user": message
+            .routing_target()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| message.user_id.clone()),
+        "notify_thread_id": message.thread_id,
+        "notify_metadata": message.metadata,
+    })
+}
+
 fn should_fallback_routine_notification(error: &ChannelError) -> bool {
     !matches!(error, ChannelError::MissingRoutingTarget { .. })
 }
@@ -146,6 +165,8 @@ pub struct AgentDeps {
     pub transcription: Option<Arc<crate::transcription::TranscriptionMiddleware>>,
     /// Document text extraction middleware for PDF, DOCX, PPTX, etc.
     pub document_extraction: Option<Arc<crate::document_extraction::DocumentExtractionMiddleware>>,
+    /// Sandbox readiness state for full-job routine dispatch.
+    pub sandbox_readiness: crate::agent::routine_engine::SandboxReadiness,
     /// Software builder for self-repair tool rebuilding.
     pub builder: Option<Arc<dyn crate::tools::SoftwareBuilder>>,
 }
@@ -207,9 +228,12 @@ impl Agent {
             context_manager.clone(),
             deps.llm.clone(),
             deps.safety.clone(),
-            deps.tools.clone(),
-            deps.store.clone(),
-            deps.hooks.clone(),
+            SchedulerDeps {
+                tools: deps.tools.clone(),
+                extension_manager: deps.extension_manager.clone(),
+                store: deps.store.clone(),
+                hooks: deps.hooks.clone(),
+            },
         );
         if let Some(ref tx) = deps.sse_tx {
             scheduler.set_sse_sender(tx.clone());
@@ -338,6 +362,32 @@ impl Agent {
 
     /// Run the agent main loop.
     pub async fn run(self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        // Proactive bootstrap: persist the static greeting to DB *before*
+        // starting channels so the first web client sees it via history.
+        let bootstrap_thread_id = if self
+            .workspace()
+            .is_some_and(|ws| ws.take_bootstrap_pending())
+        {
+            tracing::debug!(
+                "Fresh workspace detected — persisting static bootstrap greeting to DB"
+            );
+            if let Some(store) = self.store() {
+                let thread_id = store
+                    .get_or_create_assistant_conversation("default", "gateway")
+                    .await
+                    .ok();
+                if let Some(id) = thread_id {
+                    self.persist_assistant_response(id, "gateway", "default", BOOTSTRAP_GREETING)
+                        .await;
+                }
+                thread_id
+            } else {
+                None
+            }
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
+
         // Start channels
         let mut message_stream = self.channels.start_all().await?;
 
@@ -554,8 +604,10 @@ impl Agent {
                         Arc::clone(workspace),
                         notify_tx,
                         Some(self.scheduler.clone()),
+                        self.deps.extension_manager.clone(),
                         self.tools().clone(),
                         self.safety().clone(),
+                        self.deps.sandbox_readiness,
                     ));
 
                     // Register routine tools
@@ -668,6 +720,30 @@ impl Agent {
             None
         };
 
+        // Bootstrap phase 2: register the thread in session manager and
+        // broadcast the greeting via SSE for any clients already connected.
+        // The greeting was already persisted to DB before start_all(), so
+        // clients that connect after this point will see it via history.
+        if let Some(id) = bootstrap_thread_id {
+            // Use get_or_create_session (not resolve_thread) to avoid creating
+            // an orphan thread. Then insert the DB-sourced thread directly.
+            let session = self.session_manager.get_or_create_session("default").await;
+            {
+                use crate::agent::session::Thread;
+                let mut sess = session.lock().await;
+                let thread = Thread::with_id(id, sess.id);
+                sess.active_thread = Some(id);
+                sess.threads.entry(id).or_insert(thread);
+            }
+            self.session_manager
+                .register_thread("default", "gateway", id, session)
+                .await;
+
+            let mut out = OutgoingResponse::text(BOOTSTRAP_GREETING.to_string());
+            out.thread_id = Some(id.to_string());
+            let _ = self.channels.broadcast("gateway", "default", out).await;
+        }
+
         // Main message loop
         tracing::debug!("Agent {} ready and listening", self.config.name);
 
@@ -861,9 +937,6 @@ impl Agent {
     }
 
     async fn handle_message(&self, message: &IncomingMessage) -> Result<Option<String>, Error> {
-        // Log at info level only for tracking without exposing PII (user_id can be a phone number)
-        tracing::info!(message_id = %message.id, "Processing message");
-
         // Log sensitive details at debug level for troubleshooting
         tracing::debug!(
             message_id = %message.id,
@@ -942,19 +1015,59 @@ impl Agent {
             }
         }
 
-        // Resolve session and thread
-        tracing::debug!(
-            message_id = %message.id,
-            "Resolving session and thread"
-        );
-        let (session, thread_id) = self
-            .session_manager
-            .resolve_thread(
-                &message.user_id,
-                &message.channel,
-                message.conversation_scope(),
-            )
-            .await;
+        // Resolve session and thread. Approval submissions are allowed to
+        // target an already-loaded owned thread by UUID across channels so the
+        // web approval UI can approve work that originated from HTTP/other
+        // owner-scoped channels.
+        let approval_thread_uuid = if matches!(
+            submission,
+            Submission::ExecApproval { .. } | Submission::ApprovalResponse { .. }
+        ) {
+            message
+                .conversation_scope()
+                .and_then(|thread_id| Uuid::parse_str(thread_id).ok())
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
+
+        let (session, thread_id) = if let Some(target_thread_id) = approval_thread_uuid {
+            let session = self
+                .session_manager
+                .get_or_create_session(&message.user_id)
+                .await;
+            let mut sess = session.lock().await;
+            if sess.threads.contains_key(&target_thread_id) {
+                sess.active_thread = Some(target_thread_id);
+                sess.last_active_at = chrono::Utc::now();
+                drop(sess);
+                self.session_manager
+                    .register_thread(
+                        &message.user_id,
+                        &message.channel,
+                        target_thread_id,
+                        Arc::clone(&session),
+                    )
+                    .await;
+                (session, target_thread_id)
+            } else {
+                drop(sess);
+                self.session_manager
+                    .resolve_thread(
+                        &message.user_id,
+                        &message.channel,
+                        message.conversation_scope(),
+                    )
+                    .await
+            }
+        } else {
+            self.session_manager
+                .resolve_thread(
+                    &message.user_id,
+                    &message.channel,
+                    message.conversation_scope(),
+                )
+                .await
+        };
         tracing::debug!(
             message_id = %message.id,
             thread_id = %thread_id,
@@ -1124,9 +1237,10 @@ impl Agent {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::{
-        resolve_routine_notification_user, should_fallback_routine_notification,
-        truncate_for_preview,
+        chat_tool_execution_metadata, resolve_routine_notification_user,
+        should_fallback_routine_notification, truncate_for_preview,
     };
+    use crate::channels::IncomingMessage;
     use crate::error::ChannelError;
 
     #[test]
@@ -1222,6 +1336,50 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(resolve_routine_notification_user(&metadata), None); // safety: test-only assertion
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn chat_tool_execution_metadata_prefers_message_routing_target() {
+        let message = IncomingMessage::new("telegram", "owner-scope", "hello")
+            .with_sender_id("telegram-user")
+            .with_thread("thread-7")
+            .with_metadata(serde_json::json!({
+                "chat_id": 424242,
+                "chat_type": "private",
+            }));
+
+        let metadata = chat_tool_execution_metadata(&message);
+        assert_eq!(
+            metadata.get("notify_channel").and_then(|v| v.as_str()),
+            Some("telegram")
+        ); // safety: test-only assertion
+        assert_eq!(
+            metadata.get("notify_user").and_then(|v| v.as_str()),
+            Some("424242")
+        ); // safety: test-only assertion
+        assert_eq!(
+            metadata.get("notify_thread_id").and_then(|v| v.as_str()),
+            Some("thread-7")
+        ); // safety: test-only assertion
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn chat_tool_execution_metadata_falls_back_to_user_scope_without_route() {
+        let message = IncomingMessage::new("gateway", "owner-scope", "hello").with_sender_id("");
+
+        let metadata = chat_tool_execution_metadata(&message);
+        assert_eq!(
+            metadata.get("notify_channel").and_then(|v| v.as_str()),
+            Some("gateway")
+        ); // safety: test-only assertion
+        assert_eq!(
+            metadata.get("notify_user").and_then(|v| v.as_str()),
+            Some("owner-scope")
+        ); // safety: test-only assertion
+        assert_eq!(
+            metadata.get("notify_thread_id"),
+            Some(&serde_json::Value::Null)
+        ); // safety: test-only assertion
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn targeted_routine_notifications_do_not_fallback_without_owner_route() {
         let error = ChannelError::MissingRoutingTarget {

src/agent/dispatcher.rs

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ pub(super) enum AgenticLoopResult {
     /// A tool requires approval before continuing.
     NeedApproval {
         /// The pending approval request to store.
-        pending: PendingApproval,
+        pending: Box<PendingApproval>,
     },
 }
 
@@ -144,12 +144,7 @@ impl Agent {
                 .with_requester_id(&message.sender_id);
         job_ctx.http_interceptor = self.deps.http_interceptor.clone();
         job_ctx.user_timezone = user_tz.name().to_string();
-        job_ctx.metadata = serde_json::json!({
-            "notify_channel": message.channel,
-            "notify_user": message.user_id,
-            "notify_thread_id": message.thread_id,
-            "notify_metadata": message.metadata,
-        });
+        job_ctx.metadata = crate::agent::agent_loop::chat_tool_execution_metadata(message);
 
         // Build system prompts once for this turn. Two variants: with tools
         // (normal iterations) and without (force_text final iteration).
@@ -217,9 +212,7 @@ impl Agent {
                 reason: format!("Exceeded maximum tool iterations ({max_tool_iterations})"),
             }
             .into()),
-            LoopOutcome::NeedApproval(pending) => {
-                Ok(AgenticLoopResult::NeedApproval { pending: *pending })
-            }
+            LoopOutcome::NeedApproval(pending) => Ok(AgenticLoopResult::NeedApproval { pending }),
         }
     }
 
@@ -482,6 +475,7 @@ impl<'a> LoopDelegate for ChatDelegate<'a> {
             usize,
             crate::llm::ToolCall,
             Arc<dyn crate::tools::Tool>,
+            bool, // allow_always
         )> = None;
 
         for (idx, original_tc) in tool_calls.iter().enumerate() {
@@ -551,7 +545,8 @@ impl<'a> LoopDelegate for ChatDelegate<'a> {
                 && let Some(tool) = tool_opt
             {
                 use crate::tools::ApprovalRequirement;
-                let needs_approval = match tool.requires_approval(&tc.arguments) {
+                let requirement = tool.requires_approval(&tc.arguments);
+                let needs_approval = match requirement {
                     ApprovalRequirement::Never => false,
                     ApprovalRequirement::UnlessAutoApproved => {
                         let sess = self.session.lock().await;
@@ -586,7 +581,8 @@ impl<'a> LoopDelegate for ChatDelegate<'a> {
                         continue;
                     }
 
-                    approval_needed = Some((idx, tc, tool));
+                    let allow_always = !matches!(requirement, ApprovalRequirement::Always);
+                    approval_needed = Some((idx, tc, tool, allow_always));
                     break;
                 }
             }
@@ -887,7 +883,7 @@ impl<'a> LoopDelegate for ChatDelegate<'a> {
         }
 
         // Handle approval if a tool needed it
-        if let Some((approval_idx, tc, tool)) = approval_needed {
+        if let Some((approval_idx, tc, tool, allow_always)) = approval_needed {
             let display_params = redact_params(&tc.arguments, tool.sensitive_params());
             let pending = PendingApproval {
                 request_id: Uuid::new_v4(),
@@ -899,6 +895,7 @@ impl<'a> LoopDelegate for ChatDelegate<'a> {
                 context_messages: reason_ctx.messages.clone(),
                 deferred_tool_calls: tool_calls[approval_idx + 1..].to_vec(),
                 user_timezone: Some(self.user_tz.name().to_string()),
+                allow_always,
             };
 
             return Ok(Some(LoopOutcome::NeedApproval(Box::new(pending))));
@@ -1197,6 +1194,7 @@ mod tests {
             http_interceptor: None,
             transcription: None,
             document_extraction: None,
+            sandbox_readiness: crate::agent::routine_engine::SandboxReadiness::DisabledByConfig,
             builder: None,
         };
 
@@ -1365,6 +1363,35 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(always_needs, "Always must always require approval");
     }
 
+    /// Regression test: `allow_always` must be `false` for `Always` and
+    /// `true` for `UnlessAutoApproved`, so the UI hides the "always" button
+    /// for tools that truly cannot be auto-approved.
+    #[test]
+    fn test_allow_always_matches_approval_requirement() {
+        use crate::tools::ApprovalRequirement;
+
+        // Mirrors the expression used in dispatcher.rs and thread_ops.rs:
+        //   let allow_always = !matches!(requirement, ApprovalRequirement::Always);
+
+        // UnlessAutoApproved → allow_always = true
+        let req = ApprovalRequirement::UnlessAutoApproved;
+        let allow_always = !matches!(req, ApprovalRequirement::Always);
+        assert!(
+            allow_always,
+            "UnlessAutoApproved should set allow_always = true"
+        );
+
+        // Always → allow_always = false
+        let req = ApprovalRequirement::Always;
+        let allow_always = !matches!(req, ApprovalRequirement::Always);
+        assert!(!allow_always, "Always should set allow_always = false");
+
+        // Never → allow_always = true (approval is never needed, but if it were, always would be ok)
+        let req = ApprovalRequirement::Never;
+        let allow_always = !matches!(req, ApprovalRequirement::Always);
+        assert!(allow_always, "Never should set allow_always = true");
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_pending_approval_serialization_backcompat_without_deferred_calls() {
         // PendingApproval from before the deferred_tool_calls field was added
@@ -1410,6 +1437,7 @@ mod tests {
                 },
             ],
             user_timezone: None,
+            allow_always: true,
         };
 
         let json = serde_json::to_string(&pending).expect("serialize");
@@ -2038,6 +2066,7 @@ mod tests {
             http_interceptor: None,
             transcription: None,
             document_extraction: None,
+            sandbox_readiness: crate::agent::routine_engine::SandboxReadiness::DisabledByConfig,
             builder: None,
         };
 
@@ -2157,6 +2186,7 @@ mod tests {
                 http_interceptor: None,
                 transcription: None,
                 document_extraction: None,
+                sandbox_readiness: crate::agent::routine_engine::SandboxReadiness::DisabledByConfig,
                 builder: None,
             };
 

src/agent/job_monitor.rs

@@ -14,12 +14,15 @@
 //!                                                   Agent Loop
 //! ```
 
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
 use tokio::sync::{broadcast, mpsc};
 use tokio::task::JoinHandle;
 use uuid::Uuid;
 
 use crate::channels::IncomingMessage;
 use crate::channels::web::types::SseEvent;
+use crate::context::{ContextManager, JobState};
 
 /// Route context for forwarding job monitor events back to the user's channel.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
@@ -40,10 +43,23 @@ pub struct JobMonitorRoute {
 /// Tool use/result and status events are intentionally skipped (too noisy for
 /// the main agent's context window).
 pub fn spawn_job_monitor(
+    job_id: Uuid,
+    event_rx: broadcast::Receiver<(Uuid, SseEvent)>,
+    inject_tx: mpsc::Sender<IncomingMessage>,
+    route: JobMonitorRoute,
+) -> JoinHandle<()> {
+    spawn_job_monitor_with_context(job_id, event_rx, inject_tx, route, None)
+}
+
+/// Like `spawn_job_monitor`, but also transitions the job's in-memory state
+/// when it receives a `JobResult` event. This ensures fire-and-forget sandbox
+/// jobs don't stay `InProgress` forever in the `ContextManager`.
+pub fn spawn_job_monitor_with_context(
     job_id: Uuid,
     mut event_rx: broadcast::Receiver<(Uuid, SseEvent)>,
     inject_tx: mpsc::Sender<IncomingMessage>,
     route: JobMonitorRoute,
+    context_manager: Option<Arc<ContextManager>>,
 ) -> JoinHandle<()> {
     let short_id = job_id.to_string()[..8].to_string();
 
@@ -77,6 +93,26 @@ pub fn spawn_job_monitor(
                             }
                         }
                         SseEvent::JobResult { status, .. } => {
+                            // Transition in-memory state so the job frees its
+                            // max_jobs slot and query tools show the final state.
+                            if let Some(ref cm) = context_manager {
+                                let target = if status == "completed" {
+                                    JobState::Completed
+                                } else {
+                                    JobState::Failed
+                                };
+                                let reason = if status != "completed" {
+                                    Some(format!("Container finished: {}", status))
+                                } else {
+                                    None
+                                };
+                                let _ = cm
+                                    .update_context(job_id, |ctx| {
+                                        let _ = ctx.transition_to(target, reason);
+                                    })
+                                    .await;
+                            }
+
                             let mut msg = IncomingMessage::new(
                                 route.channel.clone(),
                                 route.user_id.clone(),
@@ -121,6 +157,62 @@ pub fn spawn_job_monitor(
     })
 }
 
+/// Lightweight watcher that only transitions ContextManager state on job
+/// completion. Used when monitor routing metadata is absent (no channel to
+/// inject messages into) but we still need to free the `max_jobs` slot.
+pub fn spawn_completion_watcher(
+    job_id: Uuid,
+    mut event_rx: broadcast::Receiver<(Uuid, SseEvent)>,
+    context_manager: Arc<ContextManager>,
+) -> JoinHandle<()> {
+    let short_id = job_id.to_string()[..8].to_string();
+
+    tokio::spawn(async move {
+        loop {
+            match event_rx.recv().await {
+                Ok((ev_job_id, SseEvent::JobResult { status, .. })) if ev_job_id == job_id => {
+                    let target = if status == "completed" {
+                        JobState::Completed
+                    } else {
+                        JobState::Failed
+                    };
+                    let reason = if status != "completed" {
+                        Some(format!("Container finished: {}", status))
+                    } else {
+                        None
+                    };
+                    let _ = context_manager
+                        .update_context(job_id, |ctx| {
+                            let _ = ctx.transition_to(target, reason);
+                        })
+                        .await;
+                    tracing::debug!(
+                        job_id = %short_id,
+                        status = %status,
+                        "Completion watcher exiting (job finished)"
+                    );
+                    break;
+                }
+                Ok(_) => {}
+                Err(broadcast::error::RecvError::Lagged(n)) => {
+                    tracing::warn!(
+                        job_id = %short_id,
+                        skipped = n,
+                        "Completion watcher lagged"
+                    );
+                }
+                Err(broadcast::error::RecvError::Closed) => {
+                    tracing::debug!(
+                        job_id = %short_id,
+                        "Broadcast channel closed, stopping completion watcher"
+                    );
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    })
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
@@ -211,6 +303,7 @@ mod tests {
                     job_id: job_id.to_string(),
                     status: "completed".to_string(),
                     session_id: None,
+                    fallback_deliverable: None,
                 },
             ))
             .unwrap();
@@ -293,4 +386,139 @@ mod tests {
         let msg = IncomingMessage::new("monitor", "system", "test").into_internal();
         assert!(msg.is_internal);
     }
+
+    // === Regression: fire-and-forget sandbox jobs must transition out of InProgress ===
+    // Before this fix, spawn_job_monitor only forwarded SSE messages but never
+    // updated ContextManager. Background sandbox jobs stayed InProgress forever,
+    // permanently consuming a max_jobs slot.
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_monitor_transitions_context_on_completion() {
+        use crate::context::{ContextManager, JobState};
+
+        let cm = Arc::new(ContextManager::new(5));
+        let job_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+        cm.register_sandbox_job(job_id, "user-1", "Build app", "desc")
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let (event_tx, _) = broadcast::channel::<(Uuid, SseEvent)>(16);
+        let (inject_tx, mut inject_rx) = mpsc::channel::<IncomingMessage>(16);
+
+        let handle = spawn_job_monitor_with_context(
+            job_id,
+            event_tx.subscribe(),
+            inject_tx,
+            test_route(),
+            Some(Arc::clone(&cm)),
+        );
+
+        // Send completion event
+        event_tx
+            .send((
+                job_id,
+                SseEvent::JobResult {
+                    job_id: job_id.to_string(),
+                    status: "completed".to_string(),
+                    session_id: None,
+                    fallback_deliverable: None,
+                },
+            ))
+            .unwrap();
+
+        // Drain the injected message
+        let _ = tokio::time::timeout(std::time::Duration::from_secs(1), inject_rx.recv()).await;
+
+        // Wait for monitor to exit
+        tokio::time::timeout(std::time::Duration::from_secs(1), handle)
+            .await
+            .expect("monitor should exit")
+            .expect("monitor should not panic");
+
+        // Job should now be Completed, not InProgress
+        let ctx = cm.get_context(job_id).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(ctx.state, JobState::Completed);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_monitor_transitions_context_on_failure() {
+        use crate::context::{ContextManager, JobState};
+
+        let cm = Arc::new(ContextManager::new(5));
+        let job_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+        cm.register_sandbox_job(job_id, "user-1", "Build app", "desc")
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let (event_tx, _) = broadcast::channel::<(Uuid, SseEvent)>(16);
+        let (inject_tx, mut inject_rx) = mpsc::channel::<IncomingMessage>(16);
+
+        let handle = spawn_job_monitor_with_context(
+            job_id,
+            event_tx.subscribe(),
+            inject_tx,
+            test_route(),
+            Some(Arc::clone(&cm)),
+        );
+
+        // Send failure event
+        event_tx
+            .send((
+                job_id,
+                SseEvent::JobResult {
+                    job_id: job_id.to_string(),
+                    status: "failed".to_string(),
+                    session_id: None,
+                    fallback_deliverable: None,
+                },
+            ))
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let _ = tokio::time::timeout(std::time::Duration::from_secs(1), inject_rx.recv()).await;
+        tokio::time::timeout(std::time::Duration::from_secs(1), handle)
+            .await
+            .expect("monitor should exit")
+            .expect("monitor should not panic");
+
+        let ctx = cm.get_context(job_id).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(ctx.state, JobState::Failed);
+    }
+
+    // === Regression: completion watcher (no route metadata) ===
+    // When monitor_route_from_ctx() returns None, spawn_completion_watcher
+    // must still transition the job so the max_jobs slot is freed.
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_completion_watcher_transitions_on_result() {
+        use crate::context::{ContextManager, JobState};
+
+        let cm = Arc::new(ContextManager::new(5));
+        let job_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+        cm.register_sandbox_job(job_id, "user-1", "Build app", "desc")
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let (event_tx, _) = broadcast::channel::<(Uuid, SseEvent)>(16);
+        let handle = spawn_completion_watcher(job_id, event_tx.subscribe(), Arc::clone(&cm));
+
+        event_tx
+            .send((
+                job_id,
+                SseEvent::JobResult {
+                    job_id: job_id.to_string(),
+                    status: "completed".to_string(),
+                    session_id: None,
+                    fallback_deliverable: None,
+                },
+            ))
+            .unwrap();
+
+        tokio::time::timeout(std::time::Duration::from_secs(1), handle)
+            .await
+            .expect("watcher should exit")
+            .expect("watcher should not panic");
+
+        let ctx = cm.get_context(job_id).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(ctx.state, JobState::Completed);
+    }
 }

src/agent/mod.rs

@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ pub use context_monitor::{CompactionStrategy, ContextBreakdown, ContextMonitor};
 pub use heartbeat::{HeartbeatConfig, HeartbeatResult, HeartbeatRunner, spawn_heartbeat};
 pub use router::{MessageIntent, Router};
 pub use routine::{Routine, RoutineAction, RoutineRun, Trigger};
-pub use routine_engine::RoutineEngine;
-pub use scheduler::Scheduler;
+pub use routine_engine::{RoutineEngine, SandboxReadiness};
+pub use scheduler::{Scheduler, SchedulerDeps};
 pub use self_repair::{BrokenTool, RepairResult, RepairTask, SelfRepair, StuckJob};
 pub use session::{PendingApproval, PendingAuth, Session, Thread, ThreadState, Turn, TurnState};
 pub use session_manager::SessionManager;

src/agent/routine.rs

@@ -79,6 +79,13 @@ pub enum Trigger {
         #[serde(default)]
         filters: std::collections::HashMap<String, String>,
     },
+    /// Fire on incoming webhook POST to /api/webhooks/{path}.
+    Webhook {
+        /// Optional webhook path suffix (defaults to routine id).
+        path: Option<String>,
+        /// Optional shared secret for HMAC validation.
+        secret: Option<String>,
+    },
     /// Only fires via tool call or CLI.
     Manual,
 }
@@ -90,6 +97,7 @@ impl Trigger {
             Trigger::Cron { .. } => "cron",
             Trigger::Event { .. } => "event",
             Trigger::SystemEvent { .. } => "system_event",
+            Trigger::Webhook { .. } => "webhook",
             Trigger::Manual => "manual",
         }
     }
@@ -171,6 +179,17 @@ impl Trigger {
                     filters,
                 })
             }
+            "webhook" => {
+                let path = config
+                    .get("path")
+                    .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
+                    .map(String::from);
+                let secret = config
+                    .get("secret")
+                    .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
+                    .map(String::from);
+                Ok(Trigger::Webhook { path, secret })
+            }
             "manual" => Ok(Trigger::Manual),
             other => Err(RoutineError::UnknownTriggerType {
                 trigger_type: other.to_string(),
@@ -198,6 +217,10 @@ impl Trigger {
                 "event_type": event_type,
                 "filters": filters,
             }),
+            Trigger::Webhook { path, secret } => serde_json::json!({
+                "path": path,
+                "secret": secret,
+            }),
             Trigger::Manual => serde_json::json!({}),
         }
     }
@@ -235,11 +258,6 @@ pub enum RoutineAction {
         /// Max reasoning iterations (default: 10).
         #[serde(default = "default_max_iterations")]
         max_iterations: u32,
-        /// Tool names pre-authorized for `Always`-approval tools (e.g. destructive
-        /// shell commands, cross-channel messaging). `UnlessAutoApproved` tools are
-        /// automatically permitted in routine jobs without listing them here.
-        #[serde(default)]
-        tool_permissions: Vec<String>,
     },
 }
 
@@ -264,19 +282,6 @@ fn clamp_max_tool_rounds(value: u64) -> u32 {
     value.clamp(1, MAX_TOOL_ROUNDS_LIMIT as u64) as u32
 }
 
-/// Parse a `tool_permissions` JSON array into a `Vec<String>`.
-pub fn parse_tool_permissions(value: &serde_json::Value) -> Vec<String> {
-    value
-        .get("tool_permissions")
-        .and_then(|v| v.as_array())
-        .map(|arr| {
-            arr.iter()
-                .filter_map(|v| v.as_str().map(String::from))
-                .collect()
-        })
-        .unwrap_or_default()
-}
-
 impl RoutineAction {
     /// The string tag stored in the DB action_type column.
     pub fn type_tag(&self) -> &'static str {
@@ -351,12 +356,10 @@ impl RoutineAction {
                     .and_then(|v| v.as_u64())
                     .unwrap_or(default_max_iterations() as u64)
                     as u32;
-                let tool_permissions = parse_tool_permissions(&config);
                 Ok(RoutineAction::FullJob {
                     title,
                     description,
                     max_iterations,
-                    tool_permissions,
                 })
             }
             other => Err(RoutineError::UnknownActionType {
@@ -385,12 +388,10 @@ impl RoutineAction {
                 title,
                 description,
                 max_iterations,
-                tool_permissions,
             } => serde_json::json!({
                 "title": title,
                 "description": description,
                 "max_iterations": max_iterations,
-                "tool_permissions": tool_permissions,
             }),
         }
     }
@@ -516,16 +517,36 @@ pub fn content_hash(content: &str) -> u64 {
     hasher.finish()
 }
 
+/// Normalize a cron expression to the 7-field format expected by the `cron` crate.
+///
+/// The `cron` crate requires: `sec min hour day-of-month month day-of-week year`.
+/// Standard cron uses 5 fields: `min hour day-of-month month day-of-week`.
+/// This function auto-expands:
+/// - 5-field → prepend `0` (seconds) and append `*` (year)
+/// - 6-field → append `*` (year)
+/// - 7-field → pass through unchanged
+pub fn normalize_cron_expression(schedule: &str) -> String {
+    let trimmed = schedule.trim();
+    let fields: Vec<&str> = trimmed.split_whitespace().collect();
+    match fields.len() {
+        5 => format!("0 {} *", trimmed),
+        6 => format!("{} *", trimmed),
+        _ => trimmed.to_string(),
+    }
+}
+
 /// Parse a cron expression and compute the next fire time from now.
 ///
+/// Accepts standard 5-field, 6-field, or 7-field cron expressions (auto-normalized).
 /// When `timezone` is provided and valid, the schedule is evaluated in that
 /// timezone and the result is converted back to UTC. Otherwise UTC is used.
 pub fn next_cron_fire(
     schedule: &str,
     timezone: Option<&str>,
 ) -> Result<Option<DateTime<Utc>>, RoutineError> {
+    let normalized = normalize_cron_expression(schedule);
     let cron_schedule =
-        cron::Schedule::from_str(schedule).map_err(|e| RoutineError::InvalidCron {
+        cron::Schedule::from_str(&normalized).map_err(|e| RoutineError::InvalidCron {
             reason: e.to_string(),
         })?;
     if let Some(tz) = timezone.and_then(crate::timezone::parse_timezone) {
@@ -705,7 +726,7 @@ pub fn describe_cron(schedule: &str, timezone: Option<&str>) -> String {
 mod tests {
     use crate::agent::routine::{
         MAX_TOOL_ROUNDS_LIMIT, RoutineAction, RoutineGuardrails, RunStatus, Trigger, content_hash,
-        describe_cron, next_cron_fire,
+        describe_cron, next_cron_fire, normalize_cron_expression,
     };
 
     #[test]
@@ -772,13 +793,47 @@ mod tests {
             title: "Deploy review".to_string(),
             description: "Review and deploy pending changes".to_string(),
             max_iterations: 5,
-            tool_permissions: vec!["shell".to_string()],
         };
         let json = action.to_config_json();
         let parsed = RoutineAction::from_db("full_job", json).expect("parse full_job");
         assert!(
-            matches!(parsed, RoutineAction::FullJob { title, max_iterations, tool_permissions, .. }
-            if title == "Deploy review" && max_iterations == 5 && tool_permissions == vec!["shell".to_string()])
+            matches!(parsed, RoutineAction::FullJob { title, max_iterations, .. }
+            if title == "Deploy review"
+                && max_iterations == 5)
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_action_full_job_ignores_legacy_permission_fields() {
+        let parsed = RoutineAction::from_db(
+            "full_job",
+            serde_json::json!({
+                "title": "Deploy review",
+                "description": "Review and deploy pending changes",
+                "max_iterations": 5,
+                "tool_permissions": ["shell"],
+                "permission_mode": "inherit_owner"
+            }),
+        )
+        .expect("parse full_job");
+        assert!(matches!(
+            parsed,
+            RoutineAction::FullJob {
+                ref title,
+                ref description,
+                max_iterations,
+                ..
+            } if title == "Deploy review"
+                && description == "Review and deploy pending changes"
+                && max_iterations == 5
+        ));
+        assert_eq!(
+            parsed.to_config_json(),
+            serde_json::json!({
+                "title": "Deploy review",
+                "description": "Review and deploy pending changes",
+                "max_iterations": 5,
+            })
         );
     }
 
@@ -930,9 +985,66 @@ mod tests {
             .type_tag(),
             "system_event"
         );
+        assert_eq!(
+            Trigger::Webhook {
+                path: None,
+                secret: None,
+            }
+            .type_tag(),
+            "webhook"
+        );
         assert_eq!(Trigger::Manual.type_tag(), "manual");
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn test_normalize_cron_5_field() {
+        // Standard cron: min hour dom month dow
+        assert_eq!(normalize_cron_expression("0 9 * * 1"), "0 0 9 * * 1 *");
+        assert_eq!(
+            normalize_cron_expression("0 9 * * MON-FRI"),
+            "0 0 9 * * MON-FRI *"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_normalize_cron_6_field() {
+        // 6-field: sec min hour dom month dow
+        assert_eq!(
+            normalize_cron_expression("0 0 9 * * MON-FRI"),
+            "0 0 9 * * MON-FRI *"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_normalize_cron_7_field_passthrough() {
+        // Already 7-field: no change
+        assert_eq!(
+            normalize_cron_expression("0 0 9 * * MON-FRI *"),
+            "0 0 9 * * MON-FRI *"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_next_cron_fire_5_field_accepted() {
+        // Standard 5-field cron should now work through normalization
+        let result = next_cron_fire("0 9 * * 1", None);
+        assert!(
+            result.is_ok(),
+            "5-field cron should be accepted: {result:?}"
+        );
+        assert!(result.unwrap().is_some());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_next_cron_fire_5_field_with_timezone() {
+        let result = next_cron_fire("0 9 * * MON-FRI", Some("America/New_York"));
+        assert!(
+            result.is_ok(),
+            "5-field cron with timezone should be accepted: {result:?}"
+        );
+        assert!(result.unwrap().is_some());
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_action_lightweight_backward_compat_no_use_tools() {
         // Simulate old DB record without use_tools field

src/agent/routine_engine.rs

@@ -29,11 +29,13 @@ use crate::config::RoutineConfig;
 use crate::context::{JobContext, JobState};
 use crate::db::Database;
 use crate::error::RoutineError;
+use crate::extensions::ExtensionManager;
 use crate::llm::{
     ChatMessage, CompletionRequest, FinishReason, LlmProvider, ToolCall, ToolCompletionRequest,
 };
 use crate::tools::{
-    ApprovalContext, ApprovalRequirement, ToolError, ToolRegistry, prepare_tool_params,
+    ToolError, ToolRegistry, autonomous_allowed_tool_names, autonomous_unavailable_message,
+    prepare_tool_params,
 };
 use crate::workspace::Workspace;
 use ironclaw_safety::SafetyLayer;
@@ -43,6 +45,17 @@ enum EventMatcher {
     System { routine: Routine },
 }
 
+/// Distinguishes why sandbox is unavailable so error messages are accurate.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum SandboxReadiness {
+    /// Docker is available and sandbox is enabled.
+    Available,
+    /// User explicitly disabled sandboxing (SANDBOX_ENABLED=false).
+    DisabledByConfig,
+    /// Sandbox is enabled but Docker is not running or not installed.
+    DockerUnavailable,
+}
+
 /// The routine execution engine.
 pub struct RoutineEngine {
     config: RoutineConfig,
@@ -57,10 +70,14 @@ pub struct RoutineEngine {
     event_cache: Arc<RwLock<Vec<EventMatcher>>>,
     /// Scheduler for dispatching jobs (FullJob mode).
     scheduler: Option<Arc<Scheduler>>,
+    /// Owner-scoped extension activation state for autonomous tool resolution.
+    extension_manager: Option<Arc<ExtensionManager>>,
     /// Tool registry for lightweight routine tool execution.
     tools: Arc<ToolRegistry>,
     /// Safety layer for tool output sanitization.
     safety: Arc<SafetyLayer>,
+    /// Sandbox readiness state for full-job dispatch.
+    sandbox_readiness: SandboxReadiness,
     /// Timestamp when this engine instance was created. Used by
     /// `sync_dispatched_runs` to distinguish orphaned runs (from a previous
     /// process) from actively-watched runs (from this process).
@@ -76,8 +93,10 @@ impl RoutineEngine {
         workspace: Arc<Workspace>,
         notify_tx: mpsc::Sender<OutgoingResponse>,
         scheduler: Option<Arc<Scheduler>>,
+        extension_manager: Option<Arc<ExtensionManager>>,
         tools: Arc<ToolRegistry>,
         safety: Arc<SafetyLayer>,
+        sandbox_readiness: SandboxReadiness,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             config,
@@ -88,8 +107,10 @@ impl RoutineEngine {
             running_count: Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0)),
             event_cache: Arc::new(RwLock::new(Vec::new())),
             scheduler,
+            extension_manager,
             tools,
             safety,
+            sandbox_readiness,
             boot_time: Utc::now(),
         }
     }
@@ -686,8 +707,95 @@ impl RoutineEngine {
             notify_tx: self.notify_tx.clone(),
             running_count: self.running_count.clone(),
             scheduler: self.scheduler.clone(),
+            extension_manager: self.extension_manager.clone(),
             tools: self.tools.clone(),
             safety: self.safety.clone(),
+            sandbox_readiness: self.sandbox_readiness,
+        };
+
+        tokio::spawn(async move {
+            execute_routine(engine, routine, run).await;
+        });
+
+        Ok(run_id)
+    }
+
+    /// Fire a routine from a webhook trigger.
+    ///
+    /// Similar to `fire_manual` but records the trigger as `"webhook"` with the
+    /// webhook path as detail. Skips ownership check (auth is via webhook secret).
+    /// Enforces enabled check, cooldown, and concurrent run limit.
+    pub async fn fire_webhook(
+        &self,
+        routine_id: Uuid,
+        webhook_path: &str,
+    ) -> Result<Uuid, RoutineError> {
+        let routine = self
+            .store
+            .get_routine(routine_id)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| RoutineError::Database {
+                reason: e.to_string(),
+            })?
+            .ok_or(RoutineError::NotFound { id: routine_id })?;
+
+        if !routine.enabled {
+            return Err(RoutineError::Disabled {
+                name: routine.name.clone(),
+            });
+        }
+
+        if !self.check_cooldown(&routine) {
+            return Err(RoutineError::Cooldown {
+                name: routine.name.clone(),
+            });
+        }
+
+        if !self.check_concurrent(&routine).await {
+            return Err(RoutineError::MaxConcurrent {
+                name: routine.name.clone(),
+            });
+        }
+
+        if self.running_count.load(Ordering::Relaxed) >= self.config.max_concurrent_routines {
+            return Err(RoutineError::MaxConcurrent {
+                name: routine.name.clone(),
+            });
+        }
+
+        let run_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+        let run = RoutineRun {
+            id: run_id,
+            routine_id: routine.id,
+            trigger_type: "webhook".to_string(),
+            trigger_detail: Some(webhook_path.to_string()),
+            started_at: Utc::now(),
+            completed_at: None,
+            status: RunStatus::Running,
+            result_summary: None,
+            tokens_used: None,
+            job_id: None,
+            created_at: Utc::now(),
+        };
+
+        if let Err(e) = self.store.create_routine_run(&run).await {
+            return Err(RoutineError::Database {
+                reason: format!("failed to create run record: {e}"),
+            });
+        }
+
+        let engine = EngineContext {
+            config: self.config.clone(),
+            store: self.store.clone(),
+            llm: self.llm.clone(),
+            workspace: self.workspace.clone(),
+            notify_tx: self.notify_tx.clone(),
+            running_count: self.running_count.clone(),
+            scheduler: self.scheduler.clone(),
+            extension_manager: self.extension_manager.clone(),
+            tools: self.tools.clone(),
+            safety: self.safety.clone(),
+            sandbox_readiness: self.sandbox_readiness,
         };
 
         tokio::spawn(async move {
@@ -721,8 +829,10 @@ impl RoutineEngine {
             notify_tx: self.notify_tx.clone(),
             running_count: self.running_count.clone(),
             scheduler: self.scheduler.clone(),
+            extension_manager: self.extension_manager.clone(),
             tools: self.tools.clone(),
             safety: self.safety.clone(),
+            sandbox_readiness: self.sandbox_readiness,
         };
 
         // Record the run in DB, then spawn execution
@@ -857,8 +967,10 @@ struct EngineContext {
     notify_tx: mpsc::Sender<OutgoingResponse>,
     running_count: Arc<AtomicUsize>,
     scheduler: Option<Arc<Scheduler>>,
+    extension_manager: Option<Arc<ExtensionManager>>,
     tools: Arc<ToolRegistry>,
     safety: Arc<SafetyLayer>,
+    sandbox_readiness: SandboxReadiness,
 }
 
 /// Execute a routine run. Handles both lightweight and full_job modes.
@@ -889,18 +1001,13 @@ async fn execute_routine(ctx: EngineContext, routine: Routine, run: RoutineRun)
             title,
             description,
             max_iterations,
-            tool_permissions,
         } => {
-            execute_full_job(
-                &ctx,
-                &routine,
-                &run,
+            let execution = FullJobExecutionConfig {
                 title,
                 description,
-                *max_iterations,
-                tool_permissions,
-            )
-            .await
+                max_iterations: *max_iterations,
+            };
+            execute_full_job(&ctx, &routine, &run, &execution).await
         }
     };
 
@@ -1026,15 +1133,36 @@ fn sanitize_routine_name(name: &str) -> String {
 /// non-active state (not Pending/InProgress/Stuck). Returns the final
 /// `RunStatus` mapped from the job outcome. This keeps the routine run
 /// active for the full job lifetime so concurrency guardrails apply.
+struct FullJobExecutionConfig<'a> {
+    title: &'a str,
+    description: &'a str,
+    max_iterations: u32,
+}
+
 async fn execute_full_job(
     ctx: &EngineContext,
     routine: &Routine,
     run: &RoutineRun,
-    title: &str,
-    description: &str,
-    max_iterations: u32,
-    tool_permissions: &[String],
+    execution: &FullJobExecutionConfig<'_>,
 ) -> Result<(RunStatus, Option<String>, Option<i32>), RoutineError> {
+    match ctx.sandbox_readiness {
+        SandboxReadiness::Available => {}
+        SandboxReadiness::DisabledByConfig => {
+            return Err(RoutineError::JobDispatchFailed {
+                reason: "Sandboxing is disabled (SANDBOX_ENABLED=false). \
+                         Full-job routines require sandbox."
+                    .to_string(),
+            });
+        }
+        SandboxReadiness::DockerUnavailable => {
+            return Err(RoutineError::JobDispatchFailed {
+                reason: "Sandbox is enabled but Docker is not available. \
+                         Install Docker or set SANDBOX_ENABLED=false."
+                    .to_string(),
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
     let scheduler = ctx
         .scheduler
         .as_ref()
@@ -1042,8 +1170,10 @@ async fn execute_full_job(
             reason: "scheduler not available".to_string(),
         })?;
 
-    let mut metadata =
-        serde_json::json!({ "max_iterations": max_iterations, "owner_id": routine.user_id });
+    let mut metadata = serde_json::json!({
+        "max_iterations": execution.max_iterations,
+        "owner_id": routine.user_id
+    });
     // Carry the routine's notify config in job metadata so the message tool
     // can resolve channel/target per-job without global state mutation.
     if let Some(channel) = &routine.notify.channel {
@@ -1051,17 +1181,12 @@ async fn execute_full_job(
     }
     metadata["notify_user"] = serde_json::json!(&routine.notify.user);
 
-    // Build approval context: UnlessAutoApproved tools are auto-approved for routines;
-    // Always tools require explicit listing in tool_permissions.
-    let approval_context = ApprovalContext::autonomous_with_tools(tool_permissions.iter().cloned());
-
     let job_id = scheduler
-        .dispatch_job_with_context(
+        .dispatch_job(
             &routine.user_id,
-            title,
-            description,
+            execution.title,
+            execution.description,
             Some(metadata),
-            approval_context,
         )
         .await
         .map_err(|e| RoutineError::JobDispatchFailed {
@@ -1082,7 +1207,7 @@ async fn execute_full_job(
     tracing::info!(
         routine = %routine.name,
         job_id = %job_id,
-        max_iterations = max_iterations,
+        max_iterations = execution.max_iterations,
         "Dispatched full job for routine, watching for completion"
     );
 
@@ -1350,6 +1475,9 @@ async fn execute_lightweight_with_tools(
         description: routine.name.clone(),
         ..Default::default()
     };
+    let allowed_tools =
+        autonomous_allowed_tool_names(&ctx.tools, ctx.extension_manager.as_ref(), &routine.user_id)
+            .await;
 
     loop {
         iteration += 1;
@@ -1384,8 +1512,11 @@ async fn execute_lightweight_with_tools(
             // Tool-enabled iteration
             let tool_defs = ctx
                 .tools
-                .tool_definitions_excluding(ROUTINE_TOOL_DENYLIST)
-                .await;
+                .tool_definitions()
+                .await
+                .into_iter()
+                .filter(|tool| allowed_tools.contains(&tool.name))
+                .collect();
 
             let request_messages = snapshot_messages_for_tool_iteration(&messages);
             let request = ToolCompletionRequest::new(request_messages, tool_defs)
@@ -1420,7 +1551,7 @@ async fn execute_lightweight_with_tools(
 
             // Execute tools sequentially
             for tc in response.tool_calls {
-                let result = execute_routine_tool(ctx, &job_ctx, &tc).await;
+                let result = execute_routine_tool(ctx, &job_ctx, &allowed_tools, &tc).await;
 
                 // Sanitize and wrap result (including errors)
                 let result_content = match result {
@@ -1489,31 +1620,16 @@ fn snapshot_messages_for_tool_iteration(messages: &[ChatMessage]) -> Vec<ChatMes
     snapshot
 }
 
-/// Tools that must never be callable from lightweight routines.
-///
-/// These tools pose autonomy-escalation risks: a routine could self-replicate,
-/// modify its own triggers/prompts, delete other routines, or restart the agent.
-const ROUTINE_TOOL_DENYLIST: &[&str] = &[
-    "routine_create",
-    "routine_update",
-    "routine_delete",
-    "routine_fire",
-    "restart",
-];
-
 /// Execute a single tool for a lightweight routine.
 async fn execute_routine_tool(
     ctx: &EngineContext,
     job_ctx: &JobContext,
+    allowed_tools: &std::collections::HashSet<String>,
     tc: &ToolCall,
 ) -> Result<String, Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
-    // Block tools that pose autonomy-escalation risks
-    if ROUTINE_TOOL_DENYLIST.contains(&tc.name.as_str()) {
-        return Err(format!(
-            "Tool '{}' is not available in lightweight routines",
-            tc.name
-        )
-        .into());
+    if !allowed_tools.contains(&tc.name) {
+        let message = autonomous_unavailable_message(&tc.name, &job_ctx.user_id);
+        return Err(message.into());
     }
 
     // Check if tool exists
@@ -1524,22 +1640,6 @@ async fn execute_routine_tool(
         .ok_or_else(|| format!("Tool '{}' not found", tc.name))?;
     let normalized_params = prepare_tool_params(tool.as_ref(), &tc.arguments);
 
-    // Check approval requirement: only allow Never tools in lightweight routines.
-    // UnlessAutoApproved and Always tools are blocked to prevent prompt injection attacks.
-    // Lightweight routines can be triggered by external events and may process untrusted data,
-    // making them vulnerable to prompt injection that could trick the LLM into calling
-    // sensitive tools. Blocking these tools entirely is the safest approach.
-    match tool.requires_approval(&normalized_params) {
-        ApprovalRequirement::Never => {}
-        ApprovalRequirement::UnlessAutoApproved | ApprovalRequirement::Always => {
-            return Err(format!(
-                "Tool '{}' requires manual approval and cannot be used in lightweight routines",
-                tc.name
-            )
-            .into());
-        }
-    }
-
     // Validate tool parameters
     let validation = ctx
         .safety
@@ -1680,6 +1780,7 @@ pub fn spawn_cron_ticker(
             // never races with FullJobWatcher instances from this process.
             engine.sync_dispatched_runs().await;
             engine.check_cron_triggers().await;
+            engine.sync_dispatched_runs().await;
         }
     })
 }
@@ -1693,6 +1794,56 @@ fn truncate(s: &str, max: usize) -> String {
     }
 }
 
+/// Sanitize a summary string from job transitions before using in notifications.
+///
+/// `last_reason` comes from untrusted container code, so we:
+/// 1. Strip control characters (except newline) to prevent terminal injection
+/// 2. Strip HTML tags to prevent injection in web-rendered notifications
+/// 3. Collapse multiple whitespace/newlines to single spaces for cleaner output
+/// 4. Truncate to 500 chars to prevent oversized notifications
+#[cfg(test)]
+fn sanitize_summary(s: &str) -> String {
+    // Strip control characters (keep newline for now, collapse later)
+    let no_control: String = s
+        .chars()
+        .filter(|c| !c.is_control() || *c == '\n')
+        .collect();
+
+    // Strip HTML tags (e.g. <script>, <img>, <a href=...>)
+    let no_html = strip_html_tags(&no_control);
+
+    // Collapse whitespace: multiple spaces/newlines become a single space
+    let collapsed: String = no_html.split_whitespace().collect::<Vec<_>>().join(" ");
+
+    // Truncate to reasonable length
+    if collapsed.len() <= 500 {
+        collapsed
+    } else {
+        // Find a safe char boundary for truncation
+        let mut end = 500;
+        while !collapsed.is_char_boundary(end) && end > 0 {
+            end -= 1;
+        }
+        format!("{}...", &collapsed[..end])
+    }
+}
+
+/// Remove HTML/XML tags from a string.
+#[cfg(test)]
+fn strip_html_tags(s: &str) -> String {
+    let mut result = String::with_capacity(s.len());
+    let mut in_tag = false;
+    for c in s.chars() {
+        match c {
+            '<' => in_tag = true,
+            '>' if in_tag => in_tag = false,
+            _ if !in_tag => result.push(c),
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+    result
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use crate::agent::routine::{NotifyConfig, RunStatus};
@@ -1904,8 +2055,8 @@ mod tests {
         ];
         for tool in &denylisted {
             assert!(
-                super::ROUTINE_TOOL_DENYLIST.contains(tool),
-                "Tool '{}' should be in ROUTINE_TOOL_DENYLIST",
+                crate::tools::AUTONOMOUS_TOOL_DENYLIST.contains(tool),
+                "Tool '{}' should be in AUTONOMOUS_TOOL_DENYLIST",
                 tool
             );
         }
@@ -1916,8 +2067,8 @@ mod tests {
         let allowed = vec!["echo", "time", "json", "http", "memory_search", "shell"];
         for tool in &allowed {
             assert!(
-                !super::ROUTINE_TOOL_DENYLIST.contains(tool),
-                "Tool '{}' should NOT be in ROUTINE_TOOL_DENYLIST",
+                !crate::tools::AUTONOMOUS_TOOL_DENYLIST.contains(tool),
+                "Tool '{}' should NOT be in AUTONOMOUS_TOOL_DENYLIST",
                 tool
             );
         }
@@ -1974,6 +2125,62 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(snapshot[2].content, "b"); // safety: test-only no-panics CI false positive
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn test_running_status_does_not_notify() {
+        let config = NotifyConfig {
+            on_success: true,
+            on_failure: true,
+            on_attention: true,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let should_notify = match RunStatus::Running {
+            RunStatus::Ok => config.on_success,
+            RunStatus::Attention => config.on_attention,
+            RunStatus::Failed => config.on_failure,
+            RunStatus::Running => false,
+        };
+        assert!(!should_notify);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_full_job_dispatch_returns_running_status() {
+        assert_eq!(RunStatus::Running.to_string(), "running");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_sandbox_readiness_disabled_by_config_error() {
+        use super::SandboxReadiness;
+
+        let readiness = SandboxReadiness::DisabledByConfig;
+        assert_ne!(readiness, SandboxReadiness::Available);
+
+        let err = crate::error::RoutineError::JobDispatchFailed {
+            reason: "Sandboxing is disabled (SANDBOX_ENABLED=false). \
+                     Full-job routines require sandbox."
+                .to_string(),
+        };
+        let msg = err.to_string();
+        assert!(msg.contains("SANDBOX_ENABLED=false"));
+        assert!(msg.contains("require sandbox"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_sandbox_readiness_docker_unavailable_error() {
+        use super::SandboxReadiness;
+
+        let readiness = SandboxReadiness::DockerUnavailable;
+        assert_ne!(readiness, SandboxReadiness::Available);
+
+        let err = crate::error::RoutineError::JobDispatchFailed {
+            reason: "Sandbox is enabled but Docker is not available. \
+                     Install Docker or set SANDBOX_ENABLED=false."
+                .to_string(),
+        };
+        let msg = err.to_string();
+        assert!(msg.contains("Docker is not available"));
+        assert!(msg.contains("SANDBOX_ENABLED"));
+    }
+
     /// Regression test for #1317: FullJobWatcher maps terminal job states correctly.
     #[test]
     fn test_full_job_watcher_state_mapping() {
@@ -2055,4 +2262,50 @@ mod tests {
             );
         }
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_sanitize_summary_strips_control_chars() {
+        use super::sanitize_summary;
+
+        // Preserves normal text
+        assert_eq!(sanitize_summary("Job completed"), "Job completed");
+
+        // Strips control characters and collapses whitespace
+        assert_eq!(
+            sanitize_summary("line1\nline2\x00\x1b[31mred"),
+            "line1 line2[31mred"
+        );
+
+        // Truncates long strings
+        let long = "x".repeat(600);
+        let result = sanitize_summary(&long);
+        assert!(result.len() <= 503); // 500 + "..."
+        assert!(result.ends_with("..."));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_sanitize_summary_strips_html() {
+        use super::sanitize_summary;
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            sanitize_summary("Hello <script>alert('xss')</script> world"),
+            "Hello alert('xss') world"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            sanitize_summary("<b>bold</b> and <a href=\"evil\">link</a>"),
+            "bold and link"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(sanitize_summary("<img src=x onerror=alert(1)>"), "");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_sanitize_summary_multibyte_truncation() {
+        use super::sanitize_summary;
+
+        // Ensure truncation doesn't panic on multi-byte chars near the boundary
+        let s = "a".repeat(498) + "\u{1F600}\u{1F600}"; // 498 + two 4-byte emoji
+        let result = sanitize_summary(&s);
+        assert!(result.len() <= 503);
+        assert!(result.ends_with("..."));
+    }
 }

src/agent/scheduler.rs

@@ -14,10 +14,14 @@ use crate::config::AgentConfig;
 use crate::context::{ContextManager, JobContext, JobState};
 use crate::db::Database;
 use crate::error::{Error, JobError};
+use crate::extensions::ExtensionManager;
 use crate::hooks::HookRegistry;
 use crate::llm::LlmProvider;
 use crate::safety::SafetyLayer;
-use crate::tools::{ApprovalContext, ToolRegistry, prepare_tool_params};
+use crate::tools::{
+    ApprovalContext, ToolRegistry, autonomous_allowed_tool_names, autonomous_unavailable_error,
+    prepare_tool_params,
+};
 use crate::worker::job::{Worker, WorkerDeps};
 
 /// Message to send to a worker.
@@ -45,6 +49,14 @@ struct ScheduledSubtask {
     handle: JoinHandle<Result<TaskOutput, Error>>,
 }
 
+/// Shared scheduler-owned dependencies that are forwarded into autonomous runs.
+pub struct SchedulerDeps {
+    pub tools: Arc<ToolRegistry>,
+    pub extension_manager: Option<Arc<ExtensionManager>>,
+    pub store: Option<Arc<dyn Database>>,
+    pub hooks: Arc<HookRegistry>,
+}
+
 /// Schedules and manages parallel job execution.
 pub struct Scheduler {
     config: AgentConfig,
@@ -52,6 +64,7 @@ pub struct Scheduler {
     llm: Arc<dyn LlmProvider>,
     safety: Arc<SafetyLayer>,
     tools: Arc<ToolRegistry>,
+    extension_manager: Option<Arc<ExtensionManager>>,
     store: Option<Arc<dyn Database>>,
     hooks: Arc<HookRegistry>,
     /// SSE broadcast sender for live job event streaming.
@@ -71,18 +84,17 @@ impl Scheduler {
         context_manager: Arc<ContextManager>,
         llm: Arc<dyn LlmProvider>,
         safety: Arc<SafetyLayer>,
-        tools: Arc<ToolRegistry>,
-        store: Option<Arc<dyn Database>>,
-        hooks: Arc<HookRegistry>,
+        deps: SchedulerDeps,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             config,
             context_manager,
             llm,
             safety,
-            tools,
-            store,
-            hooks,
+            tools: deps.tools,
+            extension_manager: deps.extension_manager,
+            store: deps.store,
+            hooks: deps.hooks,
             sse_tx: None,
             http_interceptor: None,
             jobs: Arc::new(RwLock::new(HashMap::new())),
@@ -120,14 +132,21 @@ impl Scheduler {
         description: &str,
         metadata: Option<serde_json::Value>,
     ) -> Result<Uuid, JobError> {
-        self.dispatch_job_inner(user_id, title, description, metadata, None)
-            .await
+        let approval_context = self.autonomous_approval_context(user_id).await;
+        self.dispatch_job_inner(
+            user_id,
+            title,
+            description,
+            metadata,
+            Some(approval_context),
+        )
+        .await
     }
 
     /// Dispatch a job with an explicit approval context for autonomous execution.
     ///
     /// Same as `dispatch_job`, but the worker will use the given `ApprovalContext`
-    /// to determine which tools are pre-approved (instead of blocking all non-`Never` tools).
+    /// to determine the explicit autonomous allowlist for that job.
     pub async fn dispatch_job_with_context(
         &self,
         user_id: &str,
@@ -216,6 +235,13 @@ impl Scheduler {
         Ok(job_id)
     }
 
+    async fn autonomous_approval_context(&self, user_id: &str) -> ApprovalContext {
+        ApprovalContext::autonomous_with_tools(
+            autonomous_allowed_tool_names(&self.tools, self.extension_manager.as_ref(), user_id)
+                .await,
+        )
+    }
+
     /// Schedule a job for execution.
     pub async fn schedule(&self, job_id: Uuid) -> Result<(), JobError> {
         self.schedule_with_context(job_id, None).await
@@ -518,10 +544,7 @@ impl Scheduler {
         let blocked =
             ApprovalContext::is_blocked_or_default(&approval_context, tool_name, requirement);
         if blocked {
-            return Err(crate::error::ToolError::AuthRequired {
-                name: tool_name.to_string(),
-            }
-            .into());
+            return Err(autonomous_unavailable_error(tool_name, &job_ctx.user_id).into());
         }
 
         // Delegate to shared tool execution pipeline
@@ -776,7 +799,18 @@ mod tests {
         let tools = Arc::new(ToolRegistry::new());
         let hooks = Arc::new(HookRegistry::default());
 
-        Scheduler::new(config, cm, llm, safety, tools, None, hooks)
+        Scheduler::new(
+            config,
+            cm,
+            llm,
+            safety,
+            SchedulerDeps {
+                tools,
+                extension_manager: None,
+                store: None,
+                hooks,
+            },
+        )
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]
@@ -1003,12 +1037,14 @@ mod tests {
     async fn test_execute_tool_task_autonomous_unblocks_soft() {
         let (tools, cm, safety, job_id) = setup_tools_and_job().await;
 
-        // Autonomous context auto-approves UnlessAutoApproved
+        // Autonomous execution only allows tools explicitly in scope.
         let result = Scheduler::execute_tool_task(
             tools.clone(),
             cm.clone(),
             safety.clone(),
-            Some(ApprovalContext::autonomous()),
+            Some(ApprovalContext::autonomous_with_tools([
+                "soft_gate".to_string()
+            ])),
             job_id,
             "soft_gate",
             serde_json::json!({}),
@@ -1040,8 +1076,11 @@ mod tests {
     async fn test_execute_tool_task_autonomous_with_permissions() {
         let (tools, cm, safety, job_id) = setup_tools_and_job().await;
 
-        // Autonomous context with explicit permission for hard_gate
-        let ctx = ApprovalContext::autonomous_with_tools(["hard_gate".to_string()]);
+        // Autonomous context with explicit permission for both tools.
+        let ctx = ApprovalContext::autonomous_with_tools([
+            "soft_gate".to_string(),
+            "hard_gate".to_string(),
+        ]);
 
         let result = Scheduler::execute_tool_task(
             tools.clone(),

src/agent/self_repair.rs

@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ pub trait SelfRepair: Send + Sync {
 /// Default self-repair implementation.
 pub struct DefaultSelfRepair {
     context_manager: Arc<ContextManager>,
+    /// Jobs in `InProgress` longer than this are treated as stuck.
     stuck_threshold: Duration,
     max_repair_attempts: u32,
     store: Option<Arc<dyn Database>>,
@@ -111,15 +112,58 @@ impl DefaultSelfRepair {
 #[async_trait]
 impl SelfRepair for DefaultSelfRepair {
     async fn detect_stuck_jobs(&self) -> Vec<StuckJob> {
-        let stuck_ids = self.context_manager.find_stuck_jobs().await;
+        let stuck_ids = self
+            .context_manager
+            .find_stuck_jobs_with_threshold(Some(self.stuck_threshold))
+            .await;
         let mut stuck_jobs = Vec::new();
 
         for job_id in stuck_ids {
             if let Ok(ctx) = self.context_manager.get_context(job_id).await
-                && ctx.state == JobState::Stuck
+                && matches!(ctx.state, JobState::Stuck | JobState::InProgress)
             {
-                // Measure stuck_duration from the most recent Stuck transition,
-                // not from started_at (which reflects when the job first ran).
+                // InProgress jobs detected by threshold need to be transitioned
+                // to Stuck before they can be repaired (attempt_recovery requires
+                // Stuck state). These jobs already passed the threshold check in
+                // find_stuck_jobs_with_threshold, so skip the duration filter below.
+                let just_transitioned = ctx.state == JobState::InProgress;
+                if just_transitioned {
+                    let reason = "exceeded stuck_threshold";
+                    let transition = self
+                        .context_manager
+                        .update_context(job_id, |ctx| ctx.mark_stuck(reason))
+                        .await;
+                    match transition {
+                        Ok(Ok(())) => {}
+                        Ok(Err(e)) => {
+                            tracing::warn!(
+                                job = %job_id,
+                                "Failed to mark InProgress job as Stuck: {}",
+                                e
+                            );
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        Err(e) => {
+                            tracing::warn!(
+                                job = %job_id,
+                                "Failed to transition InProgress job to Stuck: {}",
+                                e
+                            );
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Re-fetch context after potential InProgress->Stuck transition
+                // so that stuck_since picks up the new transition timestamp.
+                let ctx = match self.context_manager.get_context(job_id).await {
+                    Ok(c) => c,
+                    Err(_) => continue,
+                };
+
+                // Use the timestamp of the most recent Stuck transition, not started_at.
+                // A job that ran for hours before becoming stuck should not immediately
+                // exceed the threshold — we measure from when it actually became stuck.
                 let stuck_since = ctx
                     .transitions
                     .iter()
@@ -134,8 +178,10 @@ impl SelfRepair for DefaultSelfRepair {
                     })
                     .unwrap_or_default();
 
-                // Only report jobs that have been stuck long enough
-                if stuck_duration < self.stuck_threshold {
+                // Only report already-Stuck jobs that have been stuck long enough.
+                // Jobs just transitioned from InProgress skip this check — they
+                // were already vetted by find_stuck_jobs_with_threshold.
+                if !just_transitioned && stuck_duration < self.stuck_threshold {
                     continue;
                 }
 
@@ -163,10 +209,17 @@ impl SelfRepair for DefaultSelfRepair {
             });
         }
 
-        // Try to recover the job
+        // Try to recover the job.
+        // If the job is still InProgress (detected via stuck_threshold), transition
+        // it to Stuck first so that attempt_recovery() can move it back to InProgress.
         let result = self
             .context_manager
-            .update_context(job.job_id, |ctx| ctx.attempt_recovery())
+            .update_context(job.job_id, |ctx| {
+                if ctx.state == JobState::InProgress {
+                    ctx.transition_to(JobState::Stuck, Some("exceeded stuck_threshold".into()))?;
+                }
+                ctx.attempt_recovery()
+            })
             .await;
 
         match result {
@@ -489,6 +542,82 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn detect_and_repair_in_progress_job_via_threshold() {
+        let cm = Arc::new(ContextManager::new(10));
+        let job_id = cm.create_job("Long running", "desc").await.unwrap();
+
+        // Transition to InProgress.
+        cm.update_context(job_id, |ctx| ctx.transition_to(JobState::InProgress, None))
+            .await
+            .unwrap()
+            .unwrap();
+
+        // Backdate started_at to simulate a job running for 10 minutes.
+        cm.update_context(job_id, |ctx| {
+            ctx.started_at = Some(Utc::now() - chrono::Duration::seconds(600));
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        // Use a 5-minute threshold so the 10-minute job is detected.
+        let repair = DefaultSelfRepair::new(Arc::clone(&cm), Duration::from_secs(300), 3);
+
+        // detect_stuck_jobs should find it and transition InProgress -> Stuck.
+        let stuck = repair.detect_stuck_jobs().await;
+        assert_eq!(stuck.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(stuck[0].job_id, job_id);
+
+        // After detection the job should now be in Stuck state.
+        let ctx = cm.get_context(job_id).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(ctx.state, JobState::Stuck);
+
+        // Repair should recover it: Stuck -> InProgress.
+        let result = repair.repair_stuck_job(&stuck[0]).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(
+            matches!(result, RepairResult::Success { .. }),
+            "Expected Success, got: {:?}",
+            result
+        );
+
+        // Job should be back to InProgress after recovery.
+        let ctx = cm.get_context(job_id).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(ctx.state, JobState::InProgress);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn detect_broken_tools_returns_empty_without_store() {
+        let cm = Arc::new(ContextManager::new(10));
+        let repair = DefaultSelfRepair::new(cm, Duration::from_secs(60), 3);
+
+        // No store configured, should return empty.
+        let broken = repair.detect_broken_tools().await;
+        assert!(broken.is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn repair_broken_tool_returns_manual_without_builder() {
+        let cm = Arc::new(ContextManager::new(10));
+        let repair = DefaultSelfRepair::new(cm, Duration::from_secs(60), 3);
+
+        let broken = BrokenTool {
+            name: "test-tool".to_string(),
+            failure_count: 10,
+            last_error: Some("crash".to_string()),
+            first_failure: Utc::now(),
+            last_failure: Utc::now(),
+            last_build_result: None,
+            repair_attempts: 0,
+        };
+
+        let result = repair.repair_broken_tool(&broken).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(
+            matches!(result, RepairResult::ManualRequired { .. }),
+            "Expected ManualRequired without builder, got: {:?}",
+            result
+        );
+    }
+
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn detect_stuck_jobs_filters_by_threshold() {
         let cm = Arc::new(ContextManager::new(10));
@@ -581,39 +710,6 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn detect_broken_tools_returns_empty_without_store() {
-        let cm = Arc::new(ContextManager::new(10));
-        let repair = DefaultSelfRepair::new(cm, Duration::from_secs(60), 3);
-
-        // No store configured, should return empty.
-        let broken = repair.detect_broken_tools().await;
-        assert!(broken.is_empty());
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn repair_broken_tool_returns_manual_without_builder() {
-        let cm = Arc::new(ContextManager::new(10));
-        let repair = DefaultSelfRepair::new(cm, Duration::from_secs(60), 3);
-
-        let broken = BrokenTool {
-            name: "test-tool".to_string(),
-            failure_count: 10,
-            last_error: Some("crash".to_string()),
-            first_failure: Utc::now(),
-            last_failure: Utc::now(),
-            last_build_result: None,
-            repair_attempts: 0,
-        };
-
-        let result = repair.repair_broken_tool(&broken).await.unwrap();
-        assert!(
-            matches!(result, RepairResult::ManualRequired { .. }),
-            "Expected ManualRequired without builder, got: {:?}",
-            result
-        );
-    }
-
     /// Mock SoftwareBuilder that returns a successful build result.
     struct MockBuilder {
         build_count: std::sync::atomic::AtomicU32,

src/agent/session.rs

@@ -188,6 +188,15 @@ pub struct PendingApproval {
     /// through the approval flow even if the approval message lacks timezone.
     #[serde(default)]
     pub user_timezone: Option<String>,
+    /// Whether the "always" auto-approve option should be offered to the user.
+    /// `false` when the tool returned `ApprovalRequirement::Always` (e.g.
+    /// destructive shell commands), meaning every invocation must be confirmed.
+    #[serde(default = "default_true")]
+    pub allow_always: bool,
+}
+
+fn default_true() -> bool {
+    true
 }
 
 /// A conversation thread within a session.
@@ -1106,6 +1115,7 @@ mod tests {
             context_messages: vec![ChatMessage::user("do it")],
             deferred_tool_calls: vec![],
             user_timezone: None,
+            allow_always: false,
         };
 
         thread.await_approval(approval);
@@ -1132,6 +1142,7 @@ mod tests {
             context_messages: vec![],
             deferred_tool_calls: vec![],
             user_timezone: None,
+            allow_always: true,
         };
 
         thread.await_approval(approval);

src/agent/session_manager.rs

@@ -772,6 +772,33 @@ mod tests {
         assert_ne!(resolved, tid);
     }
 
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_register_then_resolve_same_uuid_on_second_channel_reuses_thread() {
+        use crate::agent::session::{Session, Thread};
+
+        let manager = SessionManager::new();
+        let tid = Uuid::new_v4();
+
+        let session = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Session::new("user-cross")));
+        {
+            let mut sess = session.lock().await;
+            let thread = Thread::with_id(tid, sess.id);
+            sess.threads.insert(tid, thread);
+        }
+
+        manager
+            .register_thread("user-cross", "http", tid, Arc::clone(&session))
+            .await;
+        manager
+            .register_thread("user-cross", "gateway", tid, Arc::clone(&session))
+            .await;
+
+        let (_, resolved) = manager
+            .resolve_thread("user-cross", "gateway", Some(&tid.to_string()))
+            .await;
+        assert_eq!(resolved, tid);
+    }
+
     // === QA Plan P3 - 4.2: Concurrent session stress tests ===
 
     #[tokio::test]

src/agent/submission.rs

@@ -382,6 +382,8 @@ pub enum SubmissionResult {
         description: String,
         /// Parameters being passed.
         parameters: serde_json::Value,
+        /// Whether "always" auto-approve should be offered to the user.
+        allow_always: bool,
     },
 
     /// Successfully processed (for control commands).

src/agent/thread_ops.rs

@@ -506,7 +506,8 @@ impl Agent {
                 let tool_name = pending.tool_name.clone();
                 let description = pending.description.clone();
                 let parameters = pending.display_parameters.clone();
-                thread.await_approval(pending);
+                let allow_always = pending.allow_always;
+                thread.await_approval(*pending);
                 let _ = self
                     .channels
                     .send_status(
@@ -516,6 +517,7 @@ impl Agent {
                             tool_name: tool_name.clone(),
                             description: description.clone(),
                             parameters: parameters.clone(),
+                            allow_always,
                         },
                         &message.metadata,
                     )
@@ -525,6 +527,7 @@ impl Agent {
                     tool_name,
                     description,
                     parameters,
+                    allow_always,
                 })
             }
             Err(e) => {
@@ -865,7 +868,9 @@ impl Agent {
         approved: bool,
         always: bool,
     ) -> Result<SubmissionResult, Error> {
-        // Get pending approval for this thread
+        // Get pending approval for this thread.
+        // Hold the session lock for the entire check-take-verify-mutate sequence
+        // to eliminate the TOCTOU race window (fixes #1486).
         let pending = {
             let mut sess = session.lock().await;
             let thread = sess
@@ -883,59 +888,52 @@ impl Agent {
                 return Ok(SubmissionResult::ok_with_message(""));
             }
 
-            thread.take_pending_approval()
-        };
+            let pending = match thread.take_pending_approval() {
+                Some(p) => p,
+                None => {
+                    tracing::debug!(
+                        %thread_id,
+                        "Ignoring stale approval: no pending approval found"
+                    );
+                    return Ok(SubmissionResult::ok_with_message(""));
+                }
+            };
 
-        let pending = match pending {
-            Some(p) => p,
-            None => {
-                tracing::debug!(
-                    %thread_id,
-                    "Ignoring stale approval: no pending approval found"
-                );
-                return Ok(SubmissionResult::ok_with_message(""));
-            }
-        };
-
-        // Verify request ID if provided
-        if let Some(req_id) = request_id
-            && req_id != pending.request_id
-        {
-            // Put it back and return error
-            let mut sess = session.lock().await;
-            if let Some(thread) = sess.threads.get_mut(&thread_id) {
+            // Verify request ID while still holding the lock
+            if let Some(req_id) = request_id
+                && req_id != pending.request_id
+            {
+                // Restore the pending approval atomically without releasing the lock
                 thread.await_approval(pending);
+                return Ok(SubmissionResult::error(
+                    "Request ID mismatch. Use the correct request ID.",
+                ));
             }
-            return Ok(SubmissionResult::error(
-                "Request ID mismatch. Use the correct request ID.",
-            ));
-        }
+
+            // If approved with "always", set auto-approve while we still have the lock.
+            // Drop the thread borrow before calling sess methods to satisfy the borrow checker.
+            if approved && always {
+                let tool_name = pending.tool_name.clone();
+                sess.auto_approve_tool(&tool_name);
+                tracing::info!("Auto-approved tool '{}' for session {}", tool_name, sess.id);
+            }
+
+            // Set thread state to Processing for approved requests.
+            // Re-borrow the thread since the previous borrow was dropped.
+            if approved && let Some(thread) = sess.threads.get_mut(&thread_id) {
+                thread.state = ThreadState::Processing;
+            }
+
+            pending
+        };
 
         if approved {
-            // If always, add to auto-approved set
-            if always {
-                let mut sess = session.lock().await;
-                sess.auto_approve_tool(&pending.tool_name);
-                tracing::info!(
-                    "Auto-approved tool '{}' for session {}",
-                    pending.tool_name,
-                    sess.id
-                );
-            }
-
-            // Reset thread state to processing
-            {
-                let mut sess = session.lock().await;
-                if let Some(thread) = sess.threads.get_mut(&thread_id) {
-                    thread.state = ThreadState::Processing;
-                }
-            }
-
             // Execute the approved tool and continue the loop
             let mut job_ctx =
                 JobContext::with_user(&message.user_id, "chat", "Interactive chat session")
                     .with_requester_id(&message.sender_id);
             job_ctx.http_interceptor = self.deps.http_interceptor.clone();
+            job_ctx.metadata = crate::agent::agent_loop::chat_tool_execution_metadata(message);
             // Prefer a valid timezone from the approval message, fall back to the
             // resolved timezone stored when the approval was originally requested.
             let tz_candidate = message
@@ -1069,28 +1067,31 @@ impl Agent {
                 usize,
                 crate::llm::ToolCall,
                 Arc<dyn crate::tools::Tool>,
+                bool, // allow_always
             )> = None;
 
             for (idx, tc) in deferred_tool_calls.iter().enumerate() {
                 if let Some(tool) = self.tools().get(&tc.name).await {
                     // Match dispatcher.rs: when auto_approve_tools is true, skip
                     // all approval checks (including ApprovalRequirement::Always).
-                    let needs_approval = if self.config.auto_approve_tools {
-                        false
+                    let (needs_approval, allow_always) = if self.config.auto_approve_tools {
+                        (false, true)
                     } else {
                         use crate::tools::ApprovalRequirement;
-                        match tool.requires_approval(&tc.arguments) {
+                        let requirement = tool.requires_approval(&tc.arguments);
+                        let needs = match requirement {
                             ApprovalRequirement::Never => false,
                             ApprovalRequirement::UnlessAutoApproved => {
                                 let sess = session.lock().await;
                                 !sess.is_tool_auto_approved(&tc.name)
                             }
                             ApprovalRequirement::Always => true,
-                        }
+                        };
+                        (needs, !matches!(requirement, ApprovalRequirement::Always))
                     };
 
                     if needs_approval {
-                        approval_needed = Some((idx, tc.clone(), tool));
+                        approval_needed = Some((idx, tc.clone(), tool, allow_always));
                         break; // remaining tools stay deferred
                     }
                 }
@@ -1298,7 +1299,7 @@ impl Agent {
             }
 
             // Handle approval if a tool needed it
-            if let Some((approval_idx, tc, tool)) = approval_needed {
+            if let Some((approval_idx, tc, tool, allow_always)) = approval_needed {
                 let new_pending = PendingApproval {
                     request_id: Uuid::new_v4(),
                     tool_name: tc.name.clone(),
@@ -1310,6 +1311,7 @@ impl Agent {
                     deferred_tool_calls: deferred_tool_calls[approval_idx + 1..].to_vec(),
                     // Carry forward the resolved timezone from the original pending approval
                     user_timezone: pending.user_timezone.clone(),
+                    allow_always,
                 };
 
                 let request_id = new_pending.request_id;
@@ -1333,6 +1335,7 @@ impl Agent {
                             tool_name: tool_name.clone(),
                             description: description.clone(),
                             parameters: parameters.clone(),
+                            allow_always,
                         },
                         &message.metadata,
                     )
@@ -1343,6 +1346,7 @@ impl Agent {
                     tool_name,
                     description,
                     parameters,
+                    allow_always,
                 });
             }
 
@@ -1411,7 +1415,8 @@ impl Agent {
                     let tool_name = new_pending.tool_name.clone();
                     let description = new_pending.description.clone();
                     let parameters = new_pending.display_parameters.clone();
-                    thread.await_approval(new_pending);
+                    let allow_always = new_pending.allow_always;
+                    thread.await_approval(*new_pending);
                     let _ = self
                         .channels
                         .send_status(
@@ -1421,6 +1426,7 @@ impl Agent {
                                 tool_name: tool_name.clone(),
                                 description: description.clone(),
                                 parameters: parameters.clone(),
+                                allow_always,
                             },
                             &message.metadata,
                         )
@@ -1430,6 +1436,7 @@ impl Agent {
                         tool_name,
                         description,
                         parameters,
+                        allow_always,
                     })
                 }
                 Err(e) => {
@@ -1447,17 +1454,25 @@ impl Agent {
             );
             {
                 let mut sess = session.lock().await;
-                if let Some(thread) = sess.threads.get_mut(&thread_id) {
-                    thread.clear_pending_approval();
-                    thread.complete_turn(&rejection);
-                    // User message already persisted at turn start; save rejection response
-                    self.persist_assistant_response(
-                        thread_id,
-                        &message.channel,
-                        &message.user_id,
-                        &rejection,
-                    )
-                    .await;
+                match sess.threads.get_mut(&thread_id) {
+                    Some(thread) => {
+                        thread.clear_pending_approval();
+                        thread.complete_turn(&rejection);
+                        // User message already persisted at turn start; save rejection response
+                        self.persist_assistant_response(
+                            thread_id,
+                            &message.channel,
+                            &message.user_id,
+                            &rejection,
+                        )
+                        .await;
+                    }
+                    None => {
+                        tracing::warn!(
+                            %thread_id,
+                            "Thread disappeared during approval rejection"
+                        );
+                    }
                 }
             }
 
@@ -1949,6 +1964,7 @@ mod tests {
             context_messages: vec![],
             deferred_tool_calls: vec![],
             user_timezone: None,
+            allow_always: false,
         };
         thread.await_approval(pending);
 
@@ -1998,6 +2014,124 @@ mod tests {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Regression test for #1486: verify that request_id mismatch atomically
+    /// restores the pending approval (no TOCTOU window where it could be lost).
+    #[test]
+    fn test_request_id_mismatch_preserves_pending_state() {
+        use crate::agent::session::{PendingApproval, Session, Thread, ThreadState};
+        use uuid::Uuid;
+
+        let session_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+        let thread_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+        let correct_request_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+        let wrong_request_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+
+        let mut thread = Thread::with_id(thread_id, session_id);
+        let pending = PendingApproval {
+            request_id: correct_request_id,
+            tool_name: "shell".to_string(),
+            parameters: serde_json::json!({"command": "rm -rf /"}),
+            display_parameters: serde_json::json!({"command": "[REDACTED]"}),
+            description: "Execute dangerous command".to_string(),
+            tool_call_id: "call_42".to_string(),
+            context_messages: vec![],
+            deferred_tool_calls: vec![],
+            user_timezone: None,
+            allow_always: false,
+        };
+        thread.await_approval(pending);
+
+        let mut session = Session::new("test-user");
+        session.threads.insert(thread_id, thread);
+
+        // Verify initial state
+        assert_eq!(
+            session.threads[&thread_id].state,
+            ThreadState::AwaitingApproval
+        );
+        assert!(session.threads[&thread_id].pending_approval.is_some());
+
+        // Simulate the atomic check-take-verify sequence from the fixed code:
+        // take the approval, then verify request_id, and restore on mismatch.
+        let thread = session.threads.get_mut(&thread_id).unwrap();
+        let taken = thread.take_pending_approval().unwrap();
+        assert!(thread.pending_approval.is_none(), "take should clear it");
+
+        // Wrong request_id -- restore atomically (within same "lock scope" in production)
+        assert_ne!(wrong_request_id, taken.request_id);
+        thread.await_approval(taken);
+
+        // Verify the pending approval is fully restored
+        assert_eq!(
+            session.threads[&thread_id].state,
+            ThreadState::AwaitingApproval
+        );
+        let restored = session.threads[&thread_id]
+            .pending_approval
+            .as_ref()
+            .expect("pending approval must be restored after request_id mismatch");
+        assert_eq!(restored.request_id, correct_request_id);
+        assert_eq!(restored.tool_name, "shell");
+        assert_eq!(restored.tool_call_id, "call_42");
+    }
+
+    /// Regression test for #1486: verify that approval with "always" flag
+    /// correctly transitions thread state and registers auto-approve in a
+    /// single lock scope.
+    #[test]
+    fn test_approval_with_always_sets_auto_approve_and_processing() {
+        use crate::agent::session::{PendingApproval, Session, Thread, ThreadState};
+        use uuid::Uuid;
+
+        let session_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+        let thread_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+        let request_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+
+        let mut thread = Thread::with_id(thread_id, session_id);
+        let pending = PendingApproval {
+            request_id,
+            tool_name: "web_fetch".to_string(),
+            parameters: serde_json::json!({"url": "https://example.com"}),
+            display_parameters: serde_json::json!({"url": "https://example.com"}),
+            description: "Fetch a web page".to_string(),
+            tool_call_id: "call_99".to_string(),
+            context_messages: vec![],
+            deferred_tool_calls: vec![],
+            user_timezone: None,
+            allow_always: true,
+        };
+        thread.await_approval(pending);
+
+        let mut session = Session::new("test-user");
+        session.threads.insert(thread_id, thread);
+
+        // Simulate the combined lock scope: take + verify + auto_approve + state transition
+        // Simulate the combined lock scope: take + verify + auto_approve + state transition.
+        // Use separate scopes to mirror the borrow pattern in production code.
+        let taken = {
+            let thread = session.threads.get_mut(&thread_id).unwrap();
+            thread.take_pending_approval().unwrap()
+        };
+
+        // Request ID matches
+        assert_eq!(taken.request_id, request_id);
+
+        // Auto-approve the tool (thread borrow dropped, so session is accessible)
+        session.auto_approve_tool(&taken.tool_name);
+
+        // Re-borrow thread and set state to Processing
+        {
+            let thread = session.threads.get_mut(&thread_id).unwrap();
+            thread.state = ThreadState::Processing;
+        }
+
+        // Verify both mutations happened atomically
+        assert!(session.is_tool_auto_approved("web_fetch"));
+        assert_eq!(session.threads[&thread_id].state, ThreadState::Processing);
+        // Pending approval should be consumed (not restored)
+        assert!(session.threads[&thread_id].pending_approval.is_none());
+    }
+
     // Helper function to extract the approval message without needing a full Agent instance
     fn extract_approval_message(
         session: &crate::agent::session::Session,

src/app.rs

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ use crate::tools::ToolRegistry;
 use crate::tools::mcp::{McpProcessManager, McpSessionManager};
 use crate::tools::wasm::SharedCredentialRegistry;
 use crate::tools::wasm::WasmToolRuntime;
-use crate::workspace::{EmbeddingProvider, Workspace};
+use crate::workspace::{EmbeddingCacheConfig, EmbeddingProvider, Workspace};
 
 /// Fully initialized application components, ready for channel wiring
 /// and agent construction.
@@ -312,12 +312,23 @@ impl AppBuilder {
             .create_provider(&self.config.llm.nearai.base_url, self.session.clone());
 
         // Register memory tools if database is available
+        let workspace_user_id = self
+            .config
+            .channels
+            .gateway
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(|gw| gw.user_id.as_str())
+            .unwrap_or("default");
         let workspace = if let Some(ref db) = self.db {
-            let mut ws = Workspace::new_with_db(&self.config.owner_id, db.clone())
+            let emb_cache_config = EmbeddingCacheConfig {
+                max_entries: self.config.embeddings.cache_size,
+            };
+            let mut ws = Workspace::new_with_db(workspace_user_id, db.clone())
                 .with_search_config(&self.config.search);
             if let Some(ref emb) = embeddings {
-                ws = ws.with_embeddings(emb.clone());
+                ws = ws.with_embeddings_cached(emb.clone(), emb_cache_config);
             }
+            ws = ws.with_memory_layers(self.config.workspace.memory_layers.clone());
             let ws = Arc::new(ws);
             tools.register_memory_tools(Arc::clone(&ws));
             Some(ws)
@@ -525,7 +536,7 @@ impl AppBuilder {
                                             server_name,
                                             e
                                         );
-                                        return;
+                                        return None;
                                     }
                                 };
 
@@ -542,6 +553,10 @@ impl AppBuilder {
                                                     tool_count,
                                                     server_name
                                                 );
+                                                return Some((
+                                                    server_name,
+                                                    Arc::new(client),
+                                                ));
                                             }
                                             Err(e) => {
                                                 tracing::warn!(
@@ -572,14 +587,27 @@ impl AppBuilder {
                                         }
                                     }
                                 }
+                                None
                             });
                         }
 
+                        let mut startup_clients = Vec::new();
                         while let Some(result) = join_set.join_next().await {
-                            if let Err(e) = result {
-                                tracing::warn!("MCP server loading task panicked: {}", e);
+                            match result {
+                                Ok(Some(client_pair)) => {
+                                    startup_clients.push(client_pair);
+                                }
+                                Ok(None) => {}
+                                Err(e) => {
+                                    if e.is_panic() {
+                                        tracing::error!("MCP server loading task panicked: {}", e);
+                                    } else {
+                                        tracing::warn!("MCP server loading task failed: {}", e);
+                                    }
+                                }
                             }
                         }
+                        return startup_clients;
                     }
                     Err(e) => {
                         if matches!(
@@ -597,10 +625,12 @@ impl AppBuilder {
                         }
                     }
                 }
+                Vec::new()
             }
         };
 
-        let (dev_loaded_tool_names, _) = tokio::join!(wasm_tools_future, mcp_servers_future);
+        let (dev_loaded_tool_names, startup_mcp_clients) =
+            tokio::join!(wasm_tools_future, mcp_servers_future);
 
         // Load registry catalog entries for extension discovery
         let mut catalog_entries = match crate::registry::RegistryCatalog::load_or_embedded() {
@@ -662,6 +692,17 @@ impl AppBuilder {
             ));
             tools.register_extension_tools(Arc::clone(&manager));
             tracing::debug!("Extension manager initialized with in-chat discovery tools");
+
+            if !startup_mcp_clients.is_empty() {
+                tracing::info!(
+                    count = startup_mcp_clients.len(),
+                    "Injecting startup MCP clients into extension manager"
+                );
+                for (name, client) in startup_mcp_clients {
+                    manager.inject_mcp_client(name, client).await;
+                }
+            }
+
             Some(manager)
         };
 
@@ -691,7 +732,11 @@ impl AppBuilder {
         // Post-init validation: if a non-nearai backend was selected but
         // credentials were never resolved (deferred resolution found no keys),
         // fail early with a clear error instead of a confusing runtime failure.
-        if self.config.llm.backend != "nearai" && self.config.llm.provider.is_none() {
+        if self.config.llm.backend != "nearai"
+            && self.config.llm.backend != "bedrock"
+            && self.config.llm.backend != "openai_codex"
+            && self.config.llm.provider.is_none()
+        {
             let backend = &self.config.llm.backend;
             anyhow::bail!(
                 "LLM_BACKEND={backend} is configured but no credentials were found. \
@@ -720,6 +765,17 @@ impl AppBuilder {
             dev_loaded_tool_names,
         ) = self.init_extensions(&tools, &hooks).await?;
 
+        // Load bootstrap-completed flag from settings so that existing users
+        // who already completed onboarding don't re-get bootstrap injection.
+        if let Some(ref ws) = workspace {
+            let toml_path = crate::settings::Settings::default_toml_path();
+            if let Ok(Some(settings)) = crate::settings::Settings::load_toml(&toml_path)
+                && settings.profile_onboarding_completed
+            {
+                ws.mark_bootstrap_completed();
+            }
+        }
+
         // Seed workspace and backfill embeddings
         if let Some(ref ws) = workspace {
             // Import workspace files from disk FIRST if WORKSPACE_IMPORT_DIR is set.

src/channels/channel.rs

@@ -305,6 +305,11 @@ pub enum StatusUpdate {
         tool_name: String,
         description: String,
         parameters: serde_json::Value,
+        /// When `true`, the UI should offer an "always" option that auto-approves
+        /// future calls to this tool for the rest of the session.  When `false`
+        /// (i.e. `ApprovalRequirement::Always`), the tool must be approved every
+        /// time and the "always" button should be hidden.
+        allow_always: bool,
     },
     /// Extension needs user authentication (token or OAuth).
     AuthRequired {

src/channels/manager.rs

@@ -239,6 +239,11 @@ impl ChannelManager {
     pub async fn get_channel(&self, name: &str) -> Option<Arc<dyn Channel>> {
         self.channels.read().await.get(name).cloned()
     }
+
+    /// Remove a channel from the manager.
+    pub async fn remove(&self, name: &str) -> Option<Arc<dyn Channel>> {
+        self.channels.write().await.remove(name)
+    }
 }
 
 impl Default for ChannelManager {

src/channels/relay/channel.rs

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
-//! Channel trait implementation for channel-relay SSE streams.
+//! Channel trait implementation for channel-relay webhook callbacks.
 //!
-//! `RelayChannel` connects to a channel-relay service via SSE, converts
-//! incoming events to `IncomingMessage`s, and sends responses via the
-//! relay's provider-specific proxy API (Slack).
+//! `RelayChannel` receives events from channel-relay via HTTP POST callbacks
+//! (pushed through an mpsc channel by the webhook handler), converts them
+//! to `IncomingMessage`s, and sends responses via the relay's provider-specific
+//! proxy API (Slack).
 
 use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use async_trait::async_trait;
-use tokio::sync::{RwLock, mpsc};
+use tokio::sync::mpsc;
 
-use crate::channels::relay::client::{RelayClient, RelayError};
+use crate::channels::relay::client::{ChannelEvent, RelayClient};
 use crate::channels::{Channel, IncomingMessage, MessageStream, OutgoingResponse, StatusUpdate};
 use crate::error::ChannelError;
 
@@ -39,44 +39,34 @@ impl RelayProvider {
     }
 }
 
-/// Channel implementation that connects to a channel-relay SSE stream.
+/// Channel implementation that receives events from channel-relay via webhook callbacks.
 pub struct RelayChannel {
     client: RelayClient,
     provider: RelayProvider,
-    stream_token: Arc<RwLock<String>>,
     team_id: String,
     instance_id: String,
-    user_id: String,
-    /// SSE stream long-poll timeout in seconds.
-    stream_timeout_secs: u64,
-    /// Initial exponential backoff in milliseconds.
-    backoff_initial_ms: u64,
-    /// Maximum exponential backoff in milliseconds.
-    backoff_max_ms: u64,
-    /// Handle to the reconnect task for clean shutdown.
-    reconnect_handle: RwLock<Option<tokio::task::JoinHandle<()>>>,
-    /// Handle to the SSE parser task for clean shutdown.
-    parser_handle: Arc<RwLock<Option<tokio::task::JoinHandle<()>>>>,
-    /// Maximum consecutive reconnect failures before giving up.
-    max_consecutive_failures: u64,
+    /// Sender side of the event channel — shared with the webhook handler.
+    event_tx: mpsc::Sender<ChannelEvent>,
+    /// Receiver side — taken once by `start()`.
+    event_rx: tokio::sync::Mutex<Option<mpsc::Receiver<ChannelEvent>>>,
 }
 
 impl RelayChannel {
     /// Create a new relay channel for Slack (default provider).
     pub fn new(
         client: RelayClient,
-        stream_token: String,
         team_id: String,
         instance_id: String,
-        user_id: String,
+        event_tx: mpsc::Sender<ChannelEvent>,
+        event_rx: mpsc::Receiver<ChannelEvent>,
     ) -> Self {
         Self::new_with_provider(
             client,
             RelayProvider::Slack,
-            stream_token,
             team_id,
             instance_id,
-            user_id,
+            event_tx,
+            event_rx,
         )
     }
 
@@ -84,44 +74,24 @@ impl RelayChannel {
     pub fn new_with_provider(
         client: RelayClient,
         provider: RelayProvider,
-        stream_token: String,
         team_id: String,
         instance_id: String,
-        user_id: String,
+        event_tx: mpsc::Sender<ChannelEvent>,
+        event_rx: mpsc::Receiver<ChannelEvent>,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             client,
             provider,
-            stream_token: Arc::new(RwLock::new(stream_token)),
             team_id,
             instance_id,
-            user_id,
-            stream_timeout_secs: 86400,
-            backoff_initial_ms: 1000,
-            backoff_max_ms: 60000,
-            reconnect_handle: RwLock::new(None),
-            parser_handle: Arc::new(RwLock::new(None)),
-            max_consecutive_failures: 50,
+            event_tx,
+            event_rx: tokio::sync::Mutex::new(Some(event_rx)),
         }
     }
 
-    /// Set backoff/timeout parameters from relay config values.
-    pub fn with_timeouts(
-        mut self,
-        stream_timeout_secs: u64,
-        backoff_initial_ms: u64,
-        backoff_max_ms: u64,
-    ) -> Self {
-        self.stream_timeout_secs = stream_timeout_secs;
-        self.backoff_initial_ms = backoff_initial_ms;
-        self.backoff_max_ms = backoff_max_ms;
-        self
-    }
-
-    /// Set the maximum number of consecutive reconnect failures before giving up.
-    pub fn with_max_failures(mut self, max: u64) -> Self {
-        self.max_consecutive_failures = max;
-        self
+    /// Get a clone of the event sender for wiring into the webhook endpoint.
+    pub fn event_sender(&self) -> mpsc::Sender<ChannelEvent> {
+        self.event_tx.clone()
     }
 
     /// Build a provider-appropriate proxy body for sending a message.
@@ -151,15 +121,9 @@ impl RelayChannel {
         team_id: &str,
         method: &str,
         body: serde_json::Value,
-    ) -> Result<serde_json::Value, RelayError> {
+    ) -> Result<serde_json::Value, crate::channels::relay::client::RelayError> {
         self.client
-            .proxy_provider(
-                self.provider.as_str(),
-                team_id,
-                method,
-                body,
-                Some(&self.instance_id),
-            )
+            .proxy_provider(self.provider.as_str(), team_id, method, body)
             .await
     }
 }
@@ -172,204 +136,82 @@ impl Channel for RelayChannel {
 
     async fn start(&self) -> Result<MessageStream, ChannelError> {
         let channel_name = self.name().to_string();
-        let token = self.stream_token.read().await.clone();
-        let (stream, initial_parser_handle) = self
-            .client
-            .connect_stream(&token, self.stream_timeout_secs)
-            .await
-            .map_err(|e| ChannelError::StartupFailed {
-                name: channel_name.clone(),
-                reason: e.to_string(),
-            })?;
 
-        *self.parser_handle.write().await = Some(initial_parser_handle);
+        // Take the receiver (can only start once)
+        let mut event_rx =
+            self.event_rx
+                .lock()
+                .await
+                .take()
+                .ok_or_else(|| ChannelError::StartupFailed {
+                    name: channel_name.clone(),
+                    reason: "RelayChannel already started".to_string(),
+                })?;
 
         let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(64);
-
-        // Spawn the stream reader + reconnect task
-        let client = self.client.clone();
-        let stream_token = Arc::clone(&self.stream_token);
-        let instance_id = self.instance_id.clone();
-        let user_id = self.user_id.clone();
-        let team_id = self.team_id.clone();
-        let stream_timeout_secs = self.stream_timeout_secs;
-        let backoff_initial_ms = self.backoff_initial_ms;
-        let backoff_max_ms = self.backoff_max_ms;
-        let max_consecutive_failures = self.max_consecutive_failures;
-        let parser_handle = Arc::clone(&self.parser_handle);
         let provider_str = self.provider.as_str().to_string();
         let relay_name = channel_name.clone();
 
-        let handle = tokio::spawn(async move {
-            use futures::StreamExt;
-
-            let mut current_stream = stream;
-            let mut backoff_ms = backoff_initial_ms;
-            let mut consecutive_failures: u64 = 0;
-
-            loop {
-                // Read events from the current stream
-                while let Some(event) = current_stream.next().await {
-                    // Reset backoff and failure count on successful event
-                    backoff_ms = backoff_initial_ms;
-                    consecutive_failures = 0;
-
-                    // Validate required fields
-                    if event.sender_id.is_empty()
-                        || event.channel_id.is_empty()
-                        || event.provider_scope.is_empty()
-                    {
-                        tracing::debug!(
-                            event_type = %event.event_type,
-                            sender_id = %event.sender_id,
-                            channel_id = %event.channel_id,
-                            "Relay: skipping event with missing required fields"
-                        );
-                        continue;
-                    }
-
-                    // Skip non-message events
-                    if !event.is_message() {
-                        tracing::debug!(
-                            event_type = %event.event_type,
-                            "Relay: skipping non-message event"
-                        );
-                        continue;
-                    }
-
-                    tracing::info!(
+        // Spawn a task that reads events from the webhook handler and converts to IncomingMessage
+        tokio::spawn(async move {
+            while let Some(event) = event_rx.recv().await {
+                // Validate required fields
+                if event.sender_id.is_empty()
+                    || event.channel_id.is_empty()
+                    || event.provider_scope.is_empty()
+                {
+                    tracing::debug!(
                         event_type = %event.event_type,
-                        sender = %event.sender_id,
-                        channel = %event.channel_id,
-                        provider = %provider_str,
-                        "Relay: received message from {}", provider_str
+                        sender_id = %event.sender_id,
+                        channel_id = %event.channel_id,
+                        "Relay: skipping event with missing required fields"
                     );
-
-                    let msg = IncomingMessage::new(&relay_name, &event.sender_id, event.text())
-                        .with_user_name(event.display_name())
-                        .with_metadata(serde_json::json!({
-                            "team_id": event.team_id(),
-                            "channel_id": event.channel_id,
-                            "sender_id": event.sender_id,
-                            "sender_name": event.display_name(),
-                            "event_type": event.event_type,
-                            "thread_id": event.thread_id,
-                            "provider": event.provider,
-                        }));
-
-                    let msg = if let Some(ref thread_id) = event.thread_id {
-                        msg.with_thread(thread_id)
-                    } else {
-                        msg.with_thread(&event.channel_id)
-                    };
-
-                    if tx.send(msg).await.is_err() {
-                        tracing::info!("Relay channel receiver dropped, stopping");
-                        return;
-                    }
+                    continue;
                 }
 
-                // Stream ended, attempt reconnect with backoff
-                consecutive_failures += 1;
-                if consecutive_failures >= max_consecutive_failures {
-                    tracing::error!(
-                        channel = %relay_name,
-                        failures = consecutive_failures,
-                        "Relay channel giving up after {} consecutive failures",
-                        consecutive_failures
+                // Skip non-message events
+                if !event.is_message() {
+                    tracing::debug!(
+                        event_type = %event.event_type,
+                        "Relay: skipping non-message event"
                     );
-                    break;
+                    continue;
                 }
 
-                tracing::warn!(
-                    backoff_ms = backoff_ms,
-                    failures = consecutive_failures,
-                    "Relay SSE stream ended, reconnecting..."
+                tracing::info!(
+                    event_type = %event.event_type,
+                    sender = %event.sender_id,
+                    channel = %event.channel_id,
+                    provider = %provider_str,
+                    "Relay: received message from {}", provider_str
                 );
-                tokio::time::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(backoff_ms)).await;
-                backoff_ms = (backoff_ms * 2).min(backoff_max_ms);
 
-                // Try to reconnect
-                let token = stream_token.read().await.clone();
-                match client.connect_stream(&token, stream_timeout_secs).await {
-                    Ok((new_stream, new_parser)) => {
-                        tracing::info!("Relay SSE stream reconnected");
-                        consecutive_failures = 0;
-                        backoff_ms = backoff_initial_ms;
-                        current_stream = new_stream;
-                        // Abort old parser before replacing
-                        if let Some(old) = parser_handle.write().await.take() {
-                            old.abort();
-                        }
-                        *parser_handle.write().await = Some(new_parser);
-                    }
-                    Err(RelayError::TokenExpired) => {
-                        // Attempt token renewal
-                        tracing::info!("Relay stream token expired, renewing...");
-                        match client.renew_token(&instance_id, &user_id).await {
-                            Ok(new_token) => {
-                                *stream_token.write().await = new_token.clone();
-                                match client.connect_stream(&new_token, stream_timeout_secs).await {
-                                    Ok((new_stream, new_parser)) => {
-                                        tracing::info!(
-                                            "Relay SSE stream reconnected with new token"
-                                        );
-                                        consecutive_failures = 0;
-                                        backoff_ms = backoff_initial_ms;
-                                        current_stream = new_stream;
-                                        if let Some(old) = parser_handle.write().await.take() {
-                                            old.abort();
-                                        }
-                                        *parser_handle.write().await = Some(new_parser);
-                                    }
-                                    Err(e) => {
-                                        tracing::error!(
-                                            error = %e,
-                                            "Failed to reconnect after token renewal"
-                                        );
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            }
-                            Err(e) => {
-                                tracing::error!(
-                                    error = %e,
-                                    "Failed to renew relay stream token"
-                                );
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                    Err(e) => {
-                        tracing::error!(error = %e, "Failed to reconnect relay SSE stream");
-                    }
-                }
+                let msg = IncomingMessage::new(&relay_name, &event.sender_id, event.text())
+                    .with_user_name(event.display_name())
+                    .with_metadata(serde_json::json!({
+                        "team_id": event.team_id(),
+                        "channel_id": event.channel_id,
+                        "sender_id": event.sender_id,
+                        "sender_name": event.display_name(),
+                        "event_type": event.event_type,
+                        "thread_id": event.thread_id,
+                        "provider": event.provider,
+                    }));
 
-                // Check if the team is still valid (skip when team_id is unknown,
-                // e.g. when no DB store was available at activation time)
-                if !team_id.is_empty() {
-                    match client.list_connections(&instance_id).await {
-                        Ok(conns) => {
-                            let has_team =
-                                conns.iter().any(|c| c.team_id == team_id && c.connected);
-                            if !has_team {
-                                tracing::warn!(
-                                    team_id = %team_id,
-                                    "Team no longer connected, stopping relay channel"
-                                );
-                                return;
-                            }
-                        }
-                        Err(e) => {
-                            tracing::warn!(
-                                error = %e,
-                                "Could not verify team connection, will retry next iteration"
-                            );
-                        }
-                    }
+                let msg = if let Some(ref thread_id) = event.thread_id {
+                    msg.with_thread(thread_id)
+                } else {
+                    msg.with_thread(&event.channel_id)
+                };
+
+                if tx.send(msg).await.is_err() {
+                    tracing::info!("Relay channel receiver dropped, stopping");
+                    return;
                 }
             }
-        });
 
-        *self.reconnect_handle.write().await = Some(handle);
+            tracing::info!("Relay event channel closed");
+        });
 
         let stream = tokio_stream::wrappers::ReceiverStream::new(rx);
         Ok(Box::pin(stream))
@@ -423,6 +265,7 @@ impl Channel for RelayChannel {
             tool_name,
             description,
             parameters,
+            allow_always: _,
         } = status
         else {
             return Ok(());
@@ -450,28 +293,24 @@ impl Channel for RelayChannel {
                 name: self.name().to_string(),
                 reason: "Missing channel_id for approval buttons".into(),
             })?;
-        let sender_id = metadata
-            .get("sender_id")
-            .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
-            .ok_or_else(|| ChannelError::SendFailed {
-                name: self.name().to_string(),
-                reason: "Missing sender_id for approval buttons".into(),
-            })?;
         let thread_id = metadata.get("thread_id").and_then(|v| v.as_str());
         let team_id = metadata
             .get("team_id")
             .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
             .unwrap_or(&self.team_id);
 
-        // Button value payload (Slack limits button values to 2000 chars;
-        // safe with typical UUIDs but documented here as a constraint)
+        // Register server-side approval record and get opaque token.
+        // The button value contains ONLY the token — no routing fields.
+        let approval_token = self
+            .client
+            .create_approval(team_id, channel_id, thread_id, &request_id)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| ChannelError::SendFailed {
+                name: self.name().to_string(),
+                reason: format!("Failed to register approval: {e}"),
+            })?;
         let value_payload = serde_json::json!({
-            "instance_id": self.instance_id,
-            "team_id": team_id,
-            "channel_id": channel_id,
-            "thread_ts": thread_id,
-            "request_id": request_id,
-            "sender_id": sender_id,
+            "approval_token": approval_token,
         });
         let value_str = value_payload.to_string();
 
@@ -582,12 +421,8 @@ impl Channel for RelayChannel {
     }
 
     async fn shutdown(&self) -> Result<(), ChannelError> {
-        if let Some(handle) = self.reconnect_handle.write().await.take() {
-            handle.abort();
-        }
-        if let Some(handle) = self.parser_handle.write().await.take() {
-            handle.abort();
-        }
+        // Relay cleanup is driven by the extension manager dropping the shared
+        // sender and removing the channel from the channel manager.
         Ok(())
     }
 }
@@ -605,27 +440,20 @@ mod tests {
         .expect("client")
     }
 
+    fn make_channel() -> RelayChannel {
+        let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(64);
+        RelayChannel::new(test_client(), "T123".into(), "inst1".into(), tx, rx)
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn relay_channel_name() {
-        let channel = RelayChannel::new(
-            test_client(),
-            "token".into(),
-            "T123".into(),
-            "inst1".into(),
-            "user1".into(),
-        );
+        let channel = make_channel();
         assert_eq!(channel.name(), DEFAULT_RELAY_NAME);
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn conversation_context_extracts_metadata() {
-        let channel = RelayChannel::new(
-            test_client(),
-            "token".into(),
-            "T123".into(),
-            "inst1".into(),
-            "user1".into(),
-        );
+        let channel = make_channel();
 
         let metadata = serde_json::json!({
             "sender_name": "bob",
@@ -640,8 +468,6 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn metadata_shape_includes_event_type_and_sender_name() {
-        // Regression: metadata JSON must include event_type and sender_name
-        // for downstream routing (DM vs channel) and conversation_context().
         let metadata = serde_json::json!({
             "team_id": "T123",
             "channel_id": "C456",
@@ -651,43 +477,19 @@ mod tests {
             "thread_id": null,
             "provider": "slack",
         });
-        // event_type must be present for DM-vs-channel routing
         assert_eq!(
             metadata.get("event_type").and_then(|v| v.as_str()),
             Some("direct_message")
         );
-        // sender_name must be present for conversation_context
         assert_eq!(
             metadata.get("sender_name").and_then(|v| v.as_str()),
             Some("alice")
         );
     }
 
-    #[test]
-    fn with_timeouts_sets_values() {
-        let channel = RelayChannel::new(
-            test_client(),
-            "token".into(),
-            "T123".into(),
-            "inst1".into(),
-            "user1".into(),
-        )
-        .with_timeouts(43200, 2000, 120000);
-
-        assert_eq!(channel.stream_timeout_secs, 43200);
-        assert_eq!(channel.backoff_initial_ms, 2000);
-        assert_eq!(channel.backoff_max_ms, 120000);
-    }
-
     #[test]
     fn build_send_body_slack() {
-        let channel = RelayChannel::new(
-            test_client(),
-            "token".into(),
-            "T123".into(),
-            "inst1".into(),
-            "user1".into(),
-        );
+        let channel = make_channel();
         let (method, body) = channel.build_send_body("C456", "hello", Some("1234567.890"));
         assert_eq!(method, "chat.postMessage");
         assert_eq!(body["channel"], "C456");
@@ -695,72 +497,95 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(body["thread_ts"], "1234567.890");
     }
 
-    #[test]
-    fn parser_handle_is_shared_arc() {
-        let channel = RelayChannel::new(
-            test_client(),
-            "token".into(),
-            "T123".into(),
-            "inst1".into(),
-            "user1".into(),
-        );
-        // parser_handle should be an Arc — cloning should give a second reference
-        let handle_clone = Arc::clone(&channel.parser_handle);
-        // Both point to the same allocation
-        assert!(Arc::ptr_eq(&channel.parser_handle, &handle_clone));
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn start_processes_events() {
+        let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(64);
+        let channel =
+            RelayChannel::new(test_client(), "T123".into(), "inst1".into(), tx.clone(), rx);
+
+        let mut stream = channel.start().await.unwrap();
+
+        // Send an event
+        tx.send(ChannelEvent {
+            id: "1".into(),
+            event_type: "message".into(),
+            provider: "slack".into(),
+            provider_scope: "T123".into(),
+            channel_id: "C456".into(),
+            sender_id: "U789".into(),
+            sender_name: Some("alice".into()),
+            content: Some("hello".into()),
+            thread_id: None,
+            raw: serde_json::Value::Null,
+            timestamp: None,
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        use futures::StreamExt;
+        let msg = tokio::time::timeout(std::time::Duration::from_secs(1), stream.next())
+            .await
+            .unwrap()
+            .unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(msg.content, "hello");
+        assert_eq!(msg.user_id, "U789");
     }
 
-    #[test]
-    fn with_max_failures_sets_value() {
-        let channel = RelayChannel::new(
-            test_client(),
-            "token".into(),
-            "T123".into(),
-            "inst1".into(),
-            "user1".into(),
-        )
-        .with_max_failures(10);
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn start_skips_non_message_events() {
+        let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(64);
+        let channel =
+            RelayChannel::new(test_client(), "T123".into(), "inst1".into(), tx.clone(), rx);
 
-        assert_eq!(channel.max_consecutive_failures, 10);
-    }
+        let mut stream = channel.start().await.unwrap();
 
-    #[test]
-    fn default_max_failures_is_50() {
-        let channel = RelayChannel::new(
-            test_client(),
-            "token".into(),
-            "T123".into(),
-            "inst1".into(),
-            "user1".into(),
-        );
-        assert_eq!(channel.max_consecutive_failures, 50);
-    }
+        // Send a non-message event (should be skipped)
+        tx.send(ChannelEvent {
+            id: "1".into(),
+            event_type: "reaction".into(),
+            provider: "slack".into(),
+            provider_scope: "T123".into(),
+            channel_id: "C456".into(),
+            sender_id: "U789".into(),
+            sender_name: None,
+            content: None,
+            thread_id: None,
+            raw: serde_json::Value::Null,
+            timestamp: None,
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
 
-    #[test]
-    fn empty_team_id_accepted_at_construction() {
-        // Regression: empty team_id (when no DB store is available) must not
-        // prevent channel construction or cause immediate shutdown.
-        let channel = RelayChannel::new(
-            test_client(),
-            "token".into(),
-            String::new(), // empty team_id
-            "inst1".into(),
-            "user1".into(),
-        );
-        assert_eq!(channel.team_id, "");
-        // The reconnect loop now skips team validation when team_id is empty,
-        // so the channel remains alive.
+        // Send a real message
+        tx.send(ChannelEvent {
+            id: "2".into(),
+            event_type: "message".into(),
+            provider: "slack".into(),
+            provider_scope: "T123".into(),
+            channel_id: "C456".into(),
+            sender_id: "U789".into(),
+            sender_name: None,
+            content: Some("real message".into()),
+            thread_id: None,
+            raw: serde_json::Value::Null,
+            timestamp: None,
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        use futures::StreamExt;
+        let msg = tokio::time::timeout(std::time::Duration::from_secs(1), stream.next())
+            .await
+            .unwrap()
+            .unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(msg.content, "real message");
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_send_status_non_approval_is_noop() {
-        let channel = RelayChannel::new(
-            test_client(),
-            "token".into(),
-            "T123".into(),
-            "inst1".into(),
-            "user1".into(),
-        );
+        let channel = make_channel();
         let metadata = serde_json::json!({});
         let result = channel
             .send_status(
@@ -775,13 +600,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_send_status_approval_non_dm_skips() {
-        let channel = RelayChannel::new(
-            test_client(),
-            "token".into(),
-            "T123".into(),
-            "inst1".into(),
-            "user1".into(),
-        );
+        let channel = make_channel();
         let metadata = serde_json::json!({
             "event_type": "message",
             "channel_id": "C456",
@@ -794,6 +613,7 @@ mod tests {
                     tool_name: "shell".into(),
                     description: "run command".into(),
                     parameters: serde_json::json!({}),
+                    allow_always: true,
                 },
                 &metadata,
             )
@@ -804,13 +624,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_send_status_approval_dm_missing_channel_id_errors() {
-        let channel = RelayChannel::new(
-            test_client(),
-            "token".into(),
-            "T123".into(),
-            "inst1".into(),
-            "user1".into(),
-        );
+        let channel = make_channel();
         let metadata = serde_json::json!({
             "event_type": "direct_message",
             "sender_id": "U789",
@@ -822,6 +636,7 @@ mod tests {
                     tool_name: "shell".into(),
                     description: "run command".into(),
                     parameters: serde_json::json!({}),
+                    allow_always: true,
                 },
                 &metadata,
             )
@@ -835,14 +650,8 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_send_status_approval_dm_missing_sender_id_errors() {
-        let channel = RelayChannel::new(
-            test_client(),
-            "token".into(),
-            "T123".into(),
-            "inst1".into(),
-            "user1".into(),
-        );
+    async fn test_send_status_approval_dm_without_sender_id_is_ok() {
+        let channel = make_channel();
         let metadata = serde_json::json!({
             "event_type": "direct_message",
             "channel_id": "C456",
@@ -854,6 +663,7 @@ mod tests {
                     tool_name: "shell".into(),
                     description: "run command".into(),
                     parameters: serde_json::json!({}),
+                    allow_always: true,
                 },
                 &metadata,
             )
@@ -861,8 +671,8 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(result.is_err());
         let err = result.unwrap_err().to_string();
         assert!(
-            err.contains("sender_id"),
-            "expected sender_id error, got: {err}"
+            !err.contains("sender_id"),
+            "sender_id should not be required anymore, got: {err}"
         );
     }
 }

src/channels/relay/client.rs

@@ -1,15 +1,10 @@
 //! HTTP client for the channel-relay service.
 //!
 //! Wraps reqwest for all channel-relay API calls: OAuth initiation,
-//! SSE streaming, token renewal, and Slack API proxy.
+//! approvals, signing-secret fetch, and Slack API proxy.
 
-use std::pin::Pin;
-use std::task::{Context, Poll};
-
-use futures::Stream;
 use secrecy::{ExposeSecret, SecretString};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-use tokio::sync::mpsc;
 
 /// Known relay event types.
 pub mod event_types {
@@ -18,7 +13,7 @@ pub mod event_types {
     pub const MENTION: &str = "mention";
 }
 
-/// A parsed SSE event from the channel-relay stream.
+/// A parsed event from the channel-relay webhook callback.
 ///
 /// Field names match the channel-relay `ChannelEvent` struct exactly.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
@@ -123,21 +118,19 @@ impl RelayClient {
     ///
     /// Calls `GET /oauth/slack/auth` with `redirect(Policy::none())` and
     /// returns the `Location` header (Slack OAuth URL) without following it.
-    pub async fn initiate_oauth(
-        &self,
-        instance_id: &str,
-        user_id: &str,
-        callback_url: &str,
-    ) -> Result<String, RelayError> {
+    /// Initiate Slack OAuth. Channel-relay derives all URLs from the trusted
+    /// instance_url in chat-api. IronClaw only passes an optional CSRF nonce
+    /// for validating the callback — no URLs.
+    pub async fn initiate_oauth(&self, state_nonce: Option<&str>) -> Result<String, RelayError> {
+        let mut query: Vec<(&str, &str)> = vec![];
+        if let Some(nonce) = state_nonce {
+            query.push(("state_nonce", nonce));
+        }
         let resp = self
             .http
             .get(format!("{}/oauth/slack/auth", self.base_url))
-            .header("X-API-Key", self.api_key.expose_secret())
-            .query(&[
-                ("instance_id", instance_id),
-                ("user_id", user_id),
-                ("callback", callback_url),
-            ])
+            .bearer_auth(self.api_key.expose_secret())
+            .query(&query)
             .send()
             .await
             .map_err(|e| RelayError::Network(e.to_string()))?;
@@ -173,104 +166,69 @@ impl RelayClient {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Connect to the SSE event stream.
+    /// Register a pending approval and return the opaque approval token.
     ///
-    /// Returns a stream of parsed `ChannelEvent`s and the `JoinHandle` of the
-    /// background SSE parser task. The caller is responsible for reconnection
-    /// logic on stream end/error and for aborting the handle on shutdown.
-    pub async fn connect_stream(
+    /// Calls `POST /approvals` with the target team/channel/request identifiers.
+    /// The returned token is embedded in Slack button values instead of routing fields.
+    /// The relay derives the authorized approver from the connection's authed_user_id.
+    pub async fn create_approval(
         &self,
-        stream_token: &str,
-        stream_timeout_secs: u64,
-    ) -> Result<(ChannelEventStream, tokio::task::JoinHandle<()>), RelayError> {
-        let resp = self
-            .http
-            .get(format!("{}/stream", self.base_url))
-            .query(&[("token", stream_token)])
-            .timeout(std::time::Duration::from_secs(stream_timeout_secs))
-            .send()
-            .await
-            .map_err(|e| RelayError::Network(e.to_string()))?;
-
-        let status = resp.status();
-        if status == reqwest::StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED {
-            return Err(RelayError::TokenExpired);
-        }
-        if !status.is_success() {
-            let body = resp.text().await.unwrap_or_default();
-            return Err(RelayError::Api {
-                status: status.as_u16(),
-                message: body,
-            });
-        }
-
-        // Spawn a background task that reads the SSE stream and sends parsed events
-        let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(64);
-        let byte_stream = resp.bytes_stream();
-        let handle = tokio::spawn(parse_sse_stream(byte_stream, tx));
-
-        Ok((ChannelEventStream { rx }, handle))
-    }
-
-    /// Renew an expired stream token.
-    ///
-    /// Calls `POST /stream/renew` with API key auth, returns a new stream token.
-    pub async fn renew_token(
-        &self,
-        instance_id: &str,
-        user_id: &str,
+        team_id: &str,
+        channel_id: &str,
+        thread_ts: Option<&str>,
+        request_id: &str,
     ) -> Result<String, RelayError> {
+        let mut body = serde_json::json!({
+            "team_id": team_id,
+            "channel_id": channel_id,
+            "request_id": request_id,
+        });
+        if let Some(ts) = thread_ts {
+            body["thread_ts"] = serde_json::Value::String(ts.to_string());
+        }
+
         let resp = self
             .http
-            .post(format!("{}/stream/renew", self.base_url))
-            .header("X-API-Key", self.api_key.expose_secret())
-            .json(&serde_json::json!({
-                "instance_id": instance_id,
-                "user_id": user_id,
-            }))
+            .post(format!("{}/approvals", self.base_url))
+            .bearer_auth(self.api_key.expose_secret())
+            .json(&body)
             .send()
             .await
             .map_err(|e| RelayError::Network(e.to_string()))?;
 
-        let status = resp.status();
-        if !status.is_success() {
+        if !resp.status().is_success() {
+            let status = resp.status().as_u16();
             let body = resp.text().await.unwrap_or_default();
             return Err(RelayError::Api {
-                status: status.as_u16(),
+                status,
                 message: body,
             });
         }
 
-        let body: serde_json::Value = resp
+        let result: serde_json::Value = resp
             .json()
             .await
             .map_err(|e| RelayError::Protocol(e.to_string()))?;
-        body.get("stream_token")
-            .or_else(|| body.get("token"))
+
+        result
+            .get("approval_token")
             .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
             .map(|s| s.to_string())
-            .ok_or_else(|| RelayError::Protocol("Response missing stream_token field".to_string()))
+            .ok_or_else(|| RelayError::Protocol("missing approval_token in response".to_string()))
     }
 
-    /// Proxy an API call through channel-relay for any provider.
-    ///
-    /// Calls `POST /proxy/{provider}/{method}?team_id=X&instance_id=Y` with the given JSON body.
     pub async fn proxy_provider(
         &self,
         provider: &str,
         team_id: &str,
         method: &str,
         body: serde_json::Value,
-        instance_id: Option<&str>,
     ) -> Result<serde_json::Value, RelayError> {
-        let mut query: Vec<(&str, &str)> = vec![("team_id", team_id)];
-        if let Some(iid) = instance_id {
-            query.push(("instance_id", iid));
-        }
+        let query: Vec<(&str, &str)> = vec![("team_id", team_id)];
         let resp = self
             .http
             .post(format!("{}/proxy/{}/{}", self.base_url, provider, method))
-            .header("X-API-Key", self.api_key.expose_secret())
+            .bearer_auth(self.api_key.expose_secret())
             .query(&query)
             .json(&body)
             .send()
@@ -291,12 +249,58 @@ impl RelayClient {
             .map_err(|e| RelayError::Protocol(e.to_string()))
     }
 
+    /// Fetch the per-instance callback signing secret from channel-relay.
+    ///
+    /// Calls `GET /relay/signing-secret` (authenticated) and returns the decoded
+    /// 32-byte secret. Called once at activation time; the result is cached in the
+    /// extension manager so subsequent calls to `relay_signing_secret()` use it.
+    pub async fn get_signing_secret(&self, team_id: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, RelayError> {
+        let resp = self
+            .http
+            .get(format!("{}/relay/signing-secret", self.base_url))
+            .bearer_auth(self.api_key.expose_secret())
+            .query(&[("team_id", team_id)])
+            .send()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| RelayError::Network(e.to_string()))?;
+
+        if !resp.status().is_success() {
+            let status = resp.status().as_u16();
+            let body = resp.text().await.unwrap_or_default();
+            return Err(RelayError::Api {
+                status,
+                message: body,
+            });
+        }
+
+        let body: serde_json::Value = resp
+            .json()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| RelayError::Protocol(e.to_string()))?;
+
+        body.get("signing_secret")
+            .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
+            .ok_or_else(|| RelayError::Protocol("missing signing_secret in response".to_string()))
+            .and_then(|raw| {
+                let decoded = hex::decode(raw).map_err(|e| {
+                    RelayError::Protocol(format!("invalid signing_secret hex: {e}"))
+                })?;
+                if decoded.len() != 32 {
+                    return Err(RelayError::Protocol(format!(
+                        "invalid signing_secret length: expected 32 bytes, got {}",
+                        decoded.len()
+                    )));
+                }
+                Ok(decoded)
+            })
+    }
+
     /// List active connections for an instance.
     pub async fn list_connections(&self, instance_id: &str) -> Result<Vec<Connection>, RelayError> {
         let resp = self
             .http
             .get(format!("{}/connections", self.base_url))
-            .header("X-API-Key", self.api_key.expose_secret())
+            .bearer_auth(self.api_key.expose_secret())
             .query(&[("instance_id", instance_id)])
             .send()
             .await
@@ -317,91 +321,6 @@ impl RelayClient {
     }
 }
 
-/// Async stream of parsed channel events from SSE.
-pub struct ChannelEventStream {
-    rx: mpsc::Receiver<ChannelEvent>,
-}
-
-impl Stream for ChannelEventStream {
-    type Item = ChannelEvent;
-
-    fn poll_next(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Option<Self::Item>> {
-        self.rx.poll_recv(cx)
-    }
-}
-
-/// Parse SSE format from a reqwest bytes stream.
-///
-/// SSE format:
-/// ```text
-/// event: message
-/// data: {"key": "value"}
-///
-/// ```
-/// Blank line terminates an event.
-async fn parse_sse_stream(
-    byte_stream: impl futures::Stream<Item = Result<bytes::Bytes, reqwest::Error>> + Send + 'static,
-    tx: mpsc::Sender<ChannelEvent>,
-) {
-    use futures::StreamExt;
-
-    let mut buffer = Vec::<u8>::new();
-    let mut event_type = String::new();
-    let mut data_lines = Vec::new();
-
-    let mut byte_stream = std::pin::pin!(byte_stream);
-    while let Some(chunk_result) = byte_stream.next().await {
-        let chunk = match chunk_result {
-            Ok(c) => c,
-            Err(e) => {
-                tracing::debug!(error = %e, "SSE stream chunk error");
-                break;
-            }
-        };
-
-        buffer.extend_from_slice(&chunk);
-
-        // Process complete lines (decode UTF-8 only on full lines to avoid
-        // corruption when multi-byte characters span chunk boundaries)
-        while let Some(newline_pos) = buffer.iter().position(|&b| b == b'\n') {
-            let line = String::from_utf8_lossy(&buffer[..newline_pos])
-                .trim_end_matches('\r')
-                .to_string();
-            buffer.drain(..=newline_pos);
-
-            if line.is_empty() {
-                // Blank line = end of event
-                if !data_lines.is_empty() {
-                    let data = data_lines.join("\n");
-                    if let Ok(mut event) = serde_json::from_str::<ChannelEvent>(&data) {
-                        if event.event_type.is_empty() && !event_type.is_empty() {
-                            event.event_type = event_type.clone();
-                        }
-                        if tx.send(event).await.is_err() {
-                            return; // receiver dropped
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        tracing::debug!(
-                            event_type = %event_type,
-                            data_len = data.len(),
-                            "Failed to parse SSE event data as ChannelEvent"
-                        );
-                    }
-                }
-                event_type.clear();
-                data_lines.clear();
-            } else if let Some(value) = line.strip_prefix("event:") {
-                event_type = value.trim().to_string();
-            } else if let Some(value) = line.strip_prefix("data:") {
-                data_lines.push(value.trim().to_string());
-            }
-            // Ignore other fields (id:, retry:, comments)
-        }
-    }
-
-    tracing::debug!("SSE stream ended");
-}
-
 /// Errors from relay client operations.
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
 pub enum RelayError {
@@ -413,9 +332,6 @@ pub enum RelayError {
 
     #[error("Protocol error: {0}")]
     Protocol(String),
-
-    #[error("Stream token expired")]
-    TokenExpired,
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -494,9 +410,6 @@ mod tests {
             message: "unauthorized".into(),
         };
         assert_eq!(err.to_string(), "API error (HTTP 401): unauthorized");
-
-        let err = RelayError::TokenExpired;
-        assert_eq!(err.to_string(), "Stream token expired");
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -518,32 +431,4 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(make(event_types::DIRECT_MESSAGE).is_message());
         assert!(make(event_types::MENTION).is_message());
     }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn parse_sse_handles_multibyte_utf8_across_chunks() {
-        // The crab emoji (🦀) is 4 bytes: [0xF0, 0x9F, 0xA6, 0x80].
-        // Split it across two chunks to verify no U+FFFD corruption.
-        let event_json = r#"{"event_type":"message","content":"hello 🦀 world","provider_scope":"T1","channel_id":"C1","sender_id":"U1"}"#;
-        let full = format!("event: message\ndata: {}\n\n", event_json);
-        let bytes = full.as_bytes();
-
-        // Find the crab emoji and split mid-character
-        let crab_pos = bytes
-            .windows(4)
-            .position(|w| w == [0xF0, 0x9F, 0xA6, 0x80])
-            .expect("crab emoji not found");
-        let split_at = crab_pos + 2; // split in the middle of the 4-byte emoji
-
-        let chunk1 = bytes::Bytes::copy_from_slice(&bytes[..split_at]);
-        let chunk2 = bytes::Bytes::copy_from_slice(&bytes[split_at..]);
-
-        let chunks: Vec<Result<bytes::Bytes, reqwest::Error>> = vec![Ok(chunk1), Ok(chunk2)];
-        let stream = futures::stream::iter(chunks);
-
-        let (tx, mut rx) = mpsc::channel(8);
-        parse_sse_stream(stream, tx).await;
-
-        let event = rx.recv().await.expect("should receive event");
-        assert_eq!(event.text(), "hello 🦀 world");
-    }
 }

src/channels/relay/mod.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 //! Channel-relay integration for connecting to external messaging platforms
 //! (Slack) via the channel-relay service.
 //!
-//! The relay service handles OAuth, credential storage, webhook ingestion,
-//! and SSE event streaming. IronClaw consumes the SSE stream and sends
-//! messages via the relay's proxy API.
+//! The relay service handles OAuth, credential storage, and webhook ingestion.
+//! IronClaw receives events via webhook callbacks and sends messages via the
+//! relay's proxy API.
 
 pub mod channel;
 pub mod client;
+pub mod webhook;
 
 pub use channel::{DEFAULT_RELAY_NAME, RelayChannel};
 pub use client::RelayClient;

src/channels/relay/webhook.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+//! Shared relay webhook signature verification helpers.
+
+use hmac::{Hmac, Mac};
+use sha2::Sha256;
+
+type HmacSha256 = Hmac<Sha256>;
+
+/// Verify a relay callback HMAC signature.
+pub fn verify_relay_signature(
+    secret: &[u8],
+    timestamp: &str,
+    body: &[u8],
+    signature: &str,
+) -> bool {
+    verify_signature(secret, timestamp, body, signature)
+}
+
+fn verify_signature(secret: &[u8], timestamp: &str, body: &[u8], signature: &str) -> bool {
+    let mut mac = match HmacSha256::new_from_slice(secret) {
+        Ok(m) => m,
+        Err(_) => return false,
+    };
+    mac.update(timestamp.as_bytes());
+    mac.update(b".");
+    mac.update(body);
+    let expected = format!("sha256={}", hex::encode(mac.finalize().into_bytes()));
+    subtle::ConstantTimeEq::ct_eq(expected.as_bytes(), signature.as_bytes()).into()
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    fn make_signature(secret: &[u8], timestamp: &str, body: &[u8]) -> String {
+        let mut mac = HmacSha256::new_from_slice(secret).unwrap();
+        mac.update(timestamp.as_bytes());
+        mac.update(b".");
+        mac.update(body);
+        format!("sha256={}", hex::encode(mac.finalize().into_bytes()))
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn verify_valid_signature() {
+        let secret = b"test-secret";
+        let body = b"hello";
+        let ts = "1234567890";
+        let sig = make_signature(secret, ts, body);
+        assert!(verify_signature(secret, ts, body, &sig));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn verify_wrong_secret_fails() {
+        let body = b"hello";
+        let ts = "1234567890";
+        let sig = make_signature(b"correct", ts, body);
+        assert!(!verify_signature(b"wrong", ts, body, &sig));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn verify_tampered_body_fails() {
+        let secret = b"secret";
+        let ts = "1234567890";
+        let sig = make_signature(secret, ts, b"original");
+        assert!(!verify_signature(secret, ts, b"tampered", &sig));
+    }
+}

src/channels/repl.rs

@@ -539,6 +539,7 @@ impl Channel for ReplChannel {
                 tool_name,
                 description,
                 parameters,
+                allow_always,
             } => {
                 let term_width = crossterm::terminal::size()
                     .map(|(w, _)| w as usize)
@@ -582,9 +583,13 @@ impl Channel for ReplChannel {
                 }
 
                 eprintln!("  \u{2502}");
-                eprintln!(
-                    "  \u{2502} \x1b[32myes\x1b[0m (y) / \x1b[34malways\x1b[0m (a) / \x1b[31mno\x1b[0m (n)"
-                );
+                if allow_always {
+                    eprintln!(
+                        "  \u{2502} \x1b[32myes\x1b[0m (y) / \x1b[34malways\x1b[0m (a) / \x1b[31mno\x1b[0m (n)"
+                    );
+                } else {
+                    eprintln!("  \u{2502} \x1b[32myes\x1b[0m (y) / \x1b[31mno\x1b[0m (n)");
+                }
                 eprintln!("  {bot_border}");
                 eprintln!();
             }

src/channels/signal.rs

@@ -915,20 +915,28 @@ impl Channel for SignalChannel {
             tool_name,
             description: _,
             parameters,
+            allow_always,
         } = &status
             && let Some(target_str) = metadata.get("signal_target").and_then(|v| v.as_str())
         {
             let params_json = serde_json::to_string_pretty(parameters).unwrap_or_default();
+            let always_line = if *allow_always {
+                format!(
+                    "\n• `always` or `a` - Approve and auto-approve future {} requests",
+                    tool_name
+                )
+            } else {
+                String::new()
+            };
             let message = format!(
                 "⚠️ *Approval Required*\n\n\
                  *Request ID:* `{}`\n\
                  *Tool:* {}\n\
                  *Parameters:*\n```\n{}\n```\n\n\
                  Reply with:\n\
-                 • `yes` or `y` - Approve this request\n\
-                 • `always` or `a` - Approve and auto-approve future {} requests\n\
+                 • `yes` or `y` - Approve this request{}\n\
                  • `no` or `n` - Deny",
-                request_id, tool_name, params_json, tool_name
+                request_id, tool_name, params_json, always_line
             );
             self.send_status_message(target_str, &message).await;
         }

src/channels/wasm/wrapper.rs

@@ -2043,6 +2043,7 @@ impl WasmChannel {
                 tool_name,
                 description,
                 parameters,
+                allow_always,
                 ..
             } => {
                 // WASM channels (Telegram, Slack, etc.) cannot render
@@ -2081,6 +2082,11 @@ impl WasmChannel {
                     })
                     .unwrap_or_default();
 
+                let reply_hint = if *allow_always {
+                    "Reply \"yes\" to approve, \"no\" to deny, or \"always\" to auto-approve."
+                } else {
+                    "Reply \"yes\" to approve or \"no\" to deny."
+                };
                 let prompt = format!(
                     "Approval needed: {tool_name}\n\
                      {description}\n\
@@ -2088,7 +2094,7 @@ impl WasmChannel {
                      Parameters:\n\
                      {params_preview}\n\
                      \n\
-                     Reply \"yes\" to approve, \"no\" to deny, or \"always\" to auto-approve."
+                     {reply_hint}"
                 );
 
                 let metadata_json = serde_json::to_string(metadata).unwrap_or_default();
@@ -2981,15 +2987,23 @@ fn status_to_wit(
             request_id,
             tool_name,
             description,
+            allow_always,
             ..
-        } => wit_channel::StatusUpdate {
-            status: wit_channel::StatusType::ApprovalNeeded,
-            message: format!(
-                "Approval needed for tool '{}'. {}\nRequest ID: {}\nReply with: yes (or /approve), no (or /deny), or always (or /always).",
-                tool_name, description, request_id
-            ),
-            metadata_json,
-        },
+        } => {
+            let reply_hint = if *allow_always {
+                "yes (or /approve), no (or /deny), or always (or /always)"
+            } else {
+                "yes (or /approve) or no (or /deny)"
+            };
+            wit_channel::StatusUpdate {
+                status: wit_channel::StatusType::ApprovalNeeded,
+                message: format!(
+                    "Approval needed for tool '{}'. {}\nRequest ID: {}\nReply with: {}.",
+                    tool_name, description, request_id, reply_hint
+                ),
+                metadata_json,
+            }
+        }
         StatusUpdate::JobStarted {
             job_id,
             title,
@@ -3300,6 +3314,7 @@ mod tests {
     use std::sync::Arc;
 
     use crate::channels::Channel;
+    use crate::channels::OutgoingResponse;
     use crate::channels::wasm::capabilities::ChannelCapabilities;
     use crate::channels::wasm::runtime::{
         PreparedChannelModule, WasmChannelRuntime, WasmChannelRuntimeConfig,
@@ -3387,6 +3402,16 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(channel.health_check().await.is_err());
     }
 
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_broadcast_delegates_to_call_on_broadcast() {
+        let channel = create_test_channel();
+        // With `component: None`, call_on_broadcast short-circuits to Ok(()).
+        let result = channel
+            .broadcast("146032821", OutgoingResponse::text("hello"))
+            .await;
+        assert!(result.is_ok());
+    }
+
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_execute_poll_no_wasm_returns_empty() {
         // When there's no WASM module (None component), execute_poll
@@ -3670,6 +3695,7 @@ mod tests {
                     tool_name: "http_request".into(),
                     description: "Fetch weather".into(),
                     parameters: serde_json::json!({"url": "https://wttr.in"}),
+                    allow_always: true,
                 },
                 &metadata,
             )
@@ -4131,6 +4157,7 @@ mod tests {
                 tool_name: "http_request".to_string(),
                 description: "Fetch weather data".to_string(),
                 parameters: serde_json::json!({"url": "https://api.weather.test"}),
+                allow_always: true,
             },
             &metadata,
         )
@@ -4156,6 +4183,7 @@ mod tests {
                 tool_name: "http_request".to_string(),
                 description: "Fetch weather data".to_string(),
                 parameters: serde_json::json!({"url": "https://api.weather.test"}),
+                allow_always: true,
             },
             &metadata,
         )

src/channels/web/handlers/memory.rs

@@ -123,25 +123,8 @@ pub async fn memory_read_handler(
     }))
 }
 
-pub async fn memory_write_handler(
-    State(state): State<Arc<GatewayState>>,
-    Json(req): Json<MemoryWriteRequest>,
-) -> Result<Json<MemoryWriteResponse>, (StatusCode, String)> {
-    let workspace = state.workspace.as_ref().ok_or((
-        StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,
-        "Workspace not available".to_string(),
-    ))?;
-
-    workspace
-        .write(&req.path, &req.content)
-        .await
-        .map_err(|e| (StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, e.to_string()))?;
-
-    Ok(Json(MemoryWriteResponse {
-        path: req.path,
-        status: "written",
-    }))
-}
+// memory_write_handler lives in server.rs (layer-aware version with append,
+// privacy redirect, and proper error status codes).
 
 pub async fn memory_search_handler(
     State(state): State<Arc<GatewayState>>,

src/channels/web/handlers/mod.rs

@@ -26,3 +26,4 @@ pub mod routines;
 pub mod settings;
 #[allow(dead_code)]
 pub mod static_files;
+pub mod webhooks;

src/channels/web/handlers/routines.rs

@@ -303,7 +303,9 @@ fn routine_error_status(err: &RoutineError) -> StatusCode {
     match err {
         RoutineError::NotFound { .. } => StatusCode::NOT_FOUND,
         RoutineError::NotAuthorized { .. } => StatusCode::FORBIDDEN,
-        RoutineError::Disabled { .. } | RoutineError::MaxConcurrent { .. } => StatusCode::CONFLICT,
+        RoutineError::Disabled { .. }
+        | RoutineError::Cooldown { .. }
+        | RoutineError::MaxConcurrent { .. } => StatusCode::CONFLICT,
         _ => StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
     }
 }

src/channels/web/handlers/webhooks.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+//! Public webhook trigger endpoint for routine webhook triggers.
+//!
+//! `POST /api/webhooks/{path}` — matches the path against routines with
+//! `Trigger::Webhook { path, secret }`, validates the secret via constant-time
+//! comparison, and fires the matching routine through the `RoutineEngine`.
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use axum::{
+    Json,
+    extract::{Path, State},
+    http::{HeaderMap, StatusCode},
+};
+use subtle::ConstantTimeEq;
+
+use crate::agent::routine::Trigger;
+use crate::channels::web::server::GatewayState;
+
+/// Validate the webhook secret for a routine.
+///
+/// Returns `Ok(())` if the routine has a configured secret and the provided
+/// secret matches via constant-time comparison. Returns an appropriate HTTP
+/// error if the secret is missing (403) or invalid (401).
+fn validate_webhook_secret(
+    trigger: &Trigger,
+    provided_secret: &str,
+) -> Result<(), (StatusCode, String)> {
+    // Require webhook secret — routines without a secret cannot be triggered via webhook
+    let expected_secret = match trigger {
+        Trigger::Webhook {
+            secret: Some(s), ..
+        } => s,
+        _ => {
+            return Err((
+                StatusCode::FORBIDDEN,
+                "Webhook secret not configured for this routine. \
+                 Set a secret with: ironclaw routine update <id> --webhook-secret <secret>"
+                    .to_string(),
+            ));
+        }
+    };
+
+    if !bool::from(provided_secret.as_bytes().ct_eq(expected_secret.as_bytes())) {
+        return Err((
+            StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED,
+            "Invalid webhook secret".to_string(),
+        ));
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Handle incoming webhook POST to `/api/webhooks/{path}`.
+///
+/// This endpoint is **public** (no gateway auth token required) but protected
+/// by the per-routine webhook secret sent via the `X-Webhook-Secret` header.
+pub async fn webhook_trigger_handler(
+    State(state): State<Arc<GatewayState>>,
+    Path(path): Path<String>,
+    headers: HeaderMap,
+) -> Result<Json<serde_json::Value>, (StatusCode, String)> {
+    // Rate limit check
+    if !state.webhook_rate_limiter.check() {
+        return Err((
+            StatusCode::TOO_MANY_REQUESTS,
+            "Rate limit exceeded. Try again shortly.".to_string(),
+        ));
+    }
+
+    let store = state.store.as_ref().ok_or((
+        StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,
+        "Database not available".to_string(),
+    ))?;
+
+    // Targeted query instead of loading all routines
+    let routine = store
+        .get_webhook_routine_by_path(&path)
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| (StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, e.to_string()))?
+        .ok_or((
+            StatusCode::NOT_FOUND,
+            "No routine matches this webhook path".to_string(),
+        ))?;
+
+    let provided_secret = headers
+        .get("x-webhook-secret")
+        .and_then(|v| v.to_str().ok())
+        .unwrap_or("");
+
+    validate_webhook_secret(&routine.trigger, provided_secret)?;
+
+    // Fire through the RoutineEngine so guardrails, run tracking,
+    // notifications, and FullJob dispatch all work correctly.
+    let engine = {
+        let guard = state.routine_engine.read().await;
+        guard.as_ref().cloned().ok_or((
+            StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,
+            "Routine engine not available".to_string(),
+        ))?
+    };
+
+    let run_id = engine.fire_webhook(routine.id, &path).await.map_err(|e| {
+        let status = match &e {
+            crate::error::RoutineError::NotFound { .. } => StatusCode::NOT_FOUND,
+            crate::error::RoutineError::Disabled { .. }
+            | crate::error::RoutineError::Cooldown { .. }
+            | crate::error::RoutineError::MaxConcurrent { .. } => StatusCode::CONFLICT,
+            _ => StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+        };
+        (status, e.to_string())
+    })?;
+
+    Ok(Json(serde_json::json!({
+        "status": "triggered",
+        "routine_id": routine.id,
+        "routine_name": routine.name,
+        "run_id": run_id,
+    })))
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    /// Routines with `secret: None` must be rejected with 403.
+    #[test]
+    fn test_validate_rejects_missing_secret() {
+        let trigger = Trigger::Webhook {
+            path: Some("my-hook".to_string()),
+            secret: None,
+        };
+        let result = validate_webhook_secret(&trigger, "any-secret");
+        let (status, msg) = result.unwrap_err();
+        assert_eq!(status, StatusCode::FORBIDDEN);
+        assert!(
+            msg.contains("not configured"),
+            "Error should tell user to configure a secret, got: {msg}"
+        );
+    }
+
+    /// Non-webhook triggers must be rejected with 403.
+    #[test]
+    fn test_validate_rejects_non_webhook_trigger() {
+        let trigger = Trigger::Manual;
+        let result = validate_webhook_secret(&trigger, "any-secret");
+        let (status, _) = result.unwrap_err();
+        assert_eq!(status, StatusCode::FORBIDDEN);
+    }
+
+    /// Correct secret passes validation.
+    #[test]
+    fn test_validate_accepts_correct_secret() {
+        let trigger = Trigger::Webhook {
+            path: Some("my-hook".to_string()),
+            secret: Some("s3cret-token".to_string()),
+        };
+        assert!(validate_webhook_secret(&trigger, "s3cret-token").is_ok());
+    }
+
+    /// Wrong secret returns 401.
+    #[test]
+    fn test_validate_rejects_wrong_secret() {
+        let trigger = Trigger::Webhook {
+            path: Some("my-hook".to_string()),
+            secret: Some("correct-secret".to_string()),
+        };
+        let result = validate_webhook_secret(&trigger, "wrong-secret");
+        let (status, msg) = result.unwrap_err();
+        assert_eq!(status, StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED);
+        assert!(msg.contains("Invalid"), "Expected 'Invalid' in: {msg}");
+    }
+
+    /// Empty provided secret returns 401 (not a false positive).
+    #[test]
+    fn test_validate_rejects_empty_provided_secret() {
+        let trigger = Trigger::Webhook {
+            path: Some("my-hook".to_string()),
+            secret: Some("real-secret".to_string()),
+        };
+        let result = validate_webhook_secret(&trigger, "");
+        let (status, _) = result.unwrap_err();
+        assert_eq!(status, StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED);
+    }
+
+    /// Constant-time comparison: secrets of different lengths are still rejected
+    /// (not short-circuited in a way that leaks length info).
+    #[test]
+    fn test_validate_rejects_different_length_secret() {
+        let trigger = Trigger::Webhook {
+            path: None,
+            secret: Some("short".to_string()),
+        };
+        let result = validate_webhook_secret(&trigger, "a-much-longer-secret-value");
+        let (status, _) = result.unwrap_err();
+        assert_eq!(status, StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED);
+    }
+}

src/channels/web/mod.rs

@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ impl GatewayChannel {
             skill_catalog: None,
             chat_rate_limiter: server::RateLimiter::new(30, 60),
             oauth_rate_limiter: server::RateLimiter::new(10, 60),
+            webhook_rate_limiter: server::RateLimiter::new(10, 60),
             registry_entries: Vec::new(),
             cost_guard: None,
             routine_engine: Arc::new(tokio::sync::RwLock::new(None)),
@@ -136,6 +137,7 @@ impl GatewayChannel {
             skill_catalog: self.state.skill_catalog.clone(),
             chat_rate_limiter: server::RateLimiter::new(30, 60),
             oauth_rate_limiter: server::RateLimiter::new(10, 60),
+            webhook_rate_limiter: server::RateLimiter::new(10, 60),
             registry_entries: self.state.registry_entries.clone(),
             cost_guard: self.state.cost_guard.clone(),
             routine_engine: Arc::clone(&self.state.routine_engine),
@@ -374,6 +376,7 @@ impl Channel for GatewayChannel {
                 tool_name,
                 description,
                 parameters,
+                allow_always,
             } => SseEvent::ApprovalNeeded {
                 request_id,
                 tool_name,
@@ -381,6 +384,7 @@ impl Channel for GatewayChannel {
                 parameters: serde_json::to_string_pretty(&parameters)
                     .unwrap_or_else(|_| parameters.to_string()),
                 thread_id,
+                allow_always,
             },
             StatusUpdate::AuthRequired {
                 extension_name,

src/channels/web/server.rs

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ use axum::{
     routing::{get, post},
 };
 use serde::Deserialize;
+use sha2::{Digest, Sha256};
 use tokio::sync::{mpsc, oneshot};
 use tokio_stream::StreamExt;
 use tower_http::cors::{AllowHeaders, CorsLayer};
@@ -35,7 +36,10 @@ use crate::channels::web::handlers::jobs::{
     jobs_events_handler, jobs_list_handler, jobs_prompt_handler, jobs_restart_handler,
     jobs_summary_handler,
 };
-use crate::channels::web::handlers::routines::{routines_delete_handler, routines_toggle_handler};
+use crate::channels::web::handlers::routines::{
+    routines_delete_handler, routines_detail_handler, routines_list_handler,
+    routines_summary_handler, routines_toggle_handler, routines_trigger_handler,
+};
 use crate::channels::web::handlers::skills::{
     skills_install_handler, skills_list_handler, skills_remove_handler, skills_search_handler,
 };
@@ -63,6 +67,16 @@ pub type PromptQueue = Arc<
 pub type RoutineEngineSlot =
     Arc<tokio::sync::RwLock<Option<Arc<crate::agent::routine_engine::RoutineEngine>>>>;
 
+fn redact_oauth_state_for_logs(state: &str) -> String {
+    let digest = Sha256::digest(state.as_bytes());
+    let mut short_hash = String::with_capacity(12);
+    for byte in &digest[..6] {
+        use std::fmt::Write as _;
+        let _ = write!(&mut short_hash, "{byte:02x}");
+    }
+    format!("sha256:{short_hash}:len={}", state.len())
+}
+
 /// Simple sliding-window rate limiter.
 ///
 /// Tracks the number of requests in the current window. Resets when the window expires.
@@ -176,6 +190,8 @@ pub struct GatewayState {
     pub chat_rate_limiter: RateLimiter,
     /// Rate limiter for OAuth callback endpoints (10 requests per 60 seconds).
     pub oauth_rate_limiter: RateLimiter,
+    /// Rate limiter for webhook trigger endpoints (10 requests per 60 seconds).
+    pub webhook_rate_limiter: RateLimiter,
     /// Registry catalog entries for the available extensions API.
     /// Populated at startup from `registry/` manifests, independent of extension manager.
     pub registry_entries: Vec<crate::extensions::RegistryEntry>,
@@ -218,6 +234,11 @@ pub async fn start_server(
         .route(
             "/oauth/slack/callback",
             get(slack_relay_oauth_callback_handler),
+        )
+        .route("/relay/events", post(relay_events_handler))
+        .route(
+            "/api/webhooks/{path}",
+            post(crate::channels::web::handlers::webhooks::webhook_trigger_handler),
         );
 
     // Protected routes (require auth)
@@ -329,6 +350,7 @@ pub async fn start_server(
         .route("/", get(index_handler))
         .route("/style.css", get(css_handler))
         .route("/app.js", get(js_handler))
+        .route("/theme-init.js", get(theme_init_handler))
         .route("/favicon.ico", get(favicon_handler))
         .route("/i18n/index.js", get(i18n_index_handler))
         .route("/i18n/en.js", get(i18n_en_handler))
@@ -450,6 +472,16 @@ async fn js_handler() -> impl IntoResponse {
     )
 }
 
+async fn theme_init_handler() -> impl IntoResponse {
+    (
+        [
+            (header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/javascript"),
+            (header::CACHE_CONTROL, "no-cache"),
+        ],
+        include_str!("static/theme-init.js"),
+    )
+}
+
 async fn favicon_handler() -> impl IntoResponse {
     (
         [
@@ -565,22 +597,35 @@ async fn oauth_callback_handler(
         }
     };
 
-    // Strip instance prefix from state for registry lookup.
-    // Platform nginx sends `state=instance:nonce` but flows are keyed by nonce only.
-    let lookup_key = oauth_defaults::strip_instance_prefix(&state_param);
+    let decoded_state = match oauth_defaults::decode_hosted_oauth_state(&state_param) {
+        Ok(decoded) => decoded,
+        Err(error) => {
+            let redacted_state = redact_oauth_state_for_logs(&state_param);
+            tracing::warn!(
+                state = %redacted_state,
+                error = %error,
+                "OAuth callback received with malformed state"
+            );
+            clear_auth_mode(&state).await;
+            return oauth_error_page("IronClaw");
+        }
+    };
+    let lookup_key = decoded_state.flow_id.clone();
 
     let flow = ext_mgr
         .pending_oauth_flows()
         .write()
         .await
-        .remove(lookup_key);
+        .remove(&lookup_key);
 
     let flow = match flow {
         Some(f) => f,
         None => {
+            let redacted_state = redact_oauth_state_for_logs(&state_param);
+            let redacted_lookup_key = redact_oauth_state_for_logs(&lookup_key);
             tracing::warn!(
-                state = %state_param,
-                lookup_key = %lookup_key,
+                state = %redacted_state,
+                lookup_key = %redacted_lookup_key,
                 "OAuth callback received with unknown or expired state"
             );
             clear_auth_mode(&state).await;
@@ -607,33 +652,29 @@ async fn oauth_callback_handler(
     }
 
     // Exchange the authorization code for tokens.
-    // Use the platform exchange proxy when configured (keeps client_secret off container),
-    // otherwise call the provider's token URL directly.
-    let exchange_proxy_url = std::env::var("IRONCLAW_OAUTH_EXCHANGE_URL").ok();
+    // Use the platform exchange proxy when configured, otherwise call the
+    // provider's token URL directly.
+    let exchange_proxy_url = oauth_defaults::exchange_proxy_url();
 
     let result: Result<(), String> = async {
-        let token_response = if let (Some(proxy_url), None) = (&exchange_proxy_url, &flow.resource)
-        {
-            // Use the platform exchange proxy when configured and no resource
-            // parameter is needed. The proxy holds client_secret server-side so
-            // the container never sees it. MCP flows (resource.is_some()) bypass
-            // the proxy because it doesn't forward the RFC 8707 resource param.
+        let token_response = if let Some(proxy_url) = &exchange_proxy_url {
             let gateway_token = flow.gateway_token.as_deref().unwrap_or_default();
-            oauth_defaults::exchange_via_proxy(
+            oauth_defaults::exchange_via_proxy(oauth_defaults::ProxyTokenExchangeRequest {
                 proxy_url,
                 gateway_token,
-                &code,
-                &flow.redirect_uri,
-                flow.code_verifier.as_deref(),
-                &flow.access_token_field,
-            )
+                token_url: &flow.token_url,
+                client_id: &flow.client_id,
+                client_secret: flow.client_secret.as_deref(),
+                code: &code,
+                redirect_uri: &flow.redirect_uri,
+                code_verifier: flow.code_verifier.as_deref(),
+                access_token_field: &flow.access_token_field,
+                extra_token_params: &flow.token_exchange_extra_params,
+            })
             .await
             .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?
         } else {
-            // Direct token exchange: uses exchange_oauth_code_with_resource so MCP
-            // flows can include the RFC 8707 `resource` parameter to scope the
-            // issued token to the specific MCP server.
-            oauth_defaults::exchange_oauth_code_with_resource(
+            oauth_defaults::exchange_oauth_code_with_params(
                 &flow.token_url,
                 &flow.client_id,
                 flow.client_secret.as_deref(),
@@ -641,7 +682,7 @@ async fn oauth_callback_handler(
                 &flow.redirect_uri,
                 flow.code_verifier.as_deref(),
                 &flow.access_token_field,
-                flow.resource.as_deref(),
+                &flow.token_exchange_extra_params,
             )
             .await
             .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?
@@ -668,10 +709,8 @@ async fn oauth_callback_handler(
         .await
         .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
 
-        // For MCP OAuth flows (identified by resource field), persist the
-        // client_id so token refresh works without re-authentication.
-        // The CLI flow stores this in authorize_mcp_server(); the gateway
-        // callback must do the same.
+        // Persist the client_id for flows that need it after the session ends
+        // (for example DCR-based MCP refresh).
         if let Some(ref client_id_secret) = flow.client_id_secret_name {
             let params = crate::secrets::CreateSecretParams::new(client_id_secret, &flow.client_id)
                 .with_provider(flow.provider.as_ref().cloned().unwrap_or_default());
@@ -752,11 +791,103 @@ async fn oauth_callback_handler(
     axum::response::Html(html).into_response()
 }
 
+/// Webhook endpoint for receiving relay events from channel-relay.
+///
+/// PUBLIC route — authenticated via HMAC signature (X-Relay-Signature header).
+async fn relay_events_handler(
+    State(state): State<Arc<GatewayState>>,
+    headers: axum::http::HeaderMap,
+    body: axum::body::Bytes,
+) -> impl IntoResponse {
+    let ext_mgr = match state.extension_manager.as_ref() {
+        Some(mgr) => mgr,
+        None => {
+            return (StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE, "not ready").into_response();
+        }
+    };
+
+    let signing_secret = match ext_mgr.relay_signing_secret() {
+        Some(s) => s,
+        None => {
+            return (StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE, "relay not configured").into_response();
+        }
+    };
+
+    // Verify signature
+    let signature = match headers
+        .get("x-relay-signature")
+        .and_then(|v| v.to_str().ok())
+    {
+        Some(s) => s.to_string(),
+        None => {
+            return (StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED, "missing signature").into_response();
+        }
+    };
+
+    let timestamp = match headers
+        .get("x-relay-timestamp")
+        .and_then(|v| v.to_str().ok())
+    {
+        Some(t) => t.to_string(),
+        None => {
+            return (StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED, "missing timestamp").into_response();
+        }
+    };
+
+    // Check timestamp freshness (5 min window)
+    let ts: i64 = match timestamp.parse() {
+        Ok(t) => t,
+        Err(_) => {
+            return (StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST, "malformed timestamp").into_response();
+        }
+    };
+    let now = chrono::Utc::now().timestamp();
+    if (now - ts).abs() > 300 {
+        return (StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED, "stale timestamp").into_response();
+    }
+
+    // Verify HMAC: sha256(secret, timestamp + "." + body)
+    if !crate::channels::relay::webhook::verify_relay_signature(
+        &signing_secret,
+        &timestamp,
+        &body,
+        &signature,
+    ) {
+        return (StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED, "invalid signature").into_response();
+    }
+
+    // Parse event
+    let event: crate::channels::relay::client::ChannelEvent = match serde_json::from_slice(&body) {
+        Ok(e) => e,
+        Err(e) => {
+            tracing::warn!(error = %e, "relay callback invalid JSON");
+            return (StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST, "invalid JSON").into_response();
+        }
+    };
+
+    // Push to relay channel
+    let event_tx_guard = ext_mgr.relay_event_tx();
+    let event_tx = event_tx_guard.lock().await;
+    match event_tx.as_ref() {
+        Some(tx) => {
+            if let Err(e) = tx.try_send(event) {
+                tracing::warn!(error = %e, "relay event channel full or closed");
+                return (StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE, "event queue full").into_response();
+            }
+        }
+        None => {
+            return (StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE, "relay channel not active").into_response();
+        }
+    }
+
+    Json(serde_json::json!({"ok": true})).into_response()
+}
+
 /// OAuth callback for Slack via channel-relay.
 ///
 /// This is a PUBLIC route (no Bearer token required) because channel-relay
 /// redirects the user's browser here after Slack OAuth completes.
-/// Query params: `stream_token`, `provider`, `team_id`.
+/// Query params: `provider`, `team_id`.
 async fn slack_relay_oauth_callback_handler(
     State(state): State<Arc<GatewayState>>,
     Query(params): Query<std::collections::HashMap<String, String>>,
@@ -773,27 +904,6 @@ async fn slack_relay_oauth_callback_handler(
         .into_response();
     }
 
-    // Validate stream_token: required, non-empty, max 2048 bytes
-    let stream_token = match params.get("stream_token") {
-        Some(t) if !t.is_empty() && t.len() <= 2048 => t.clone(),
-        Some(t) if t.len() > 2048 => {
-            return axum::response::Html(
-                "<html><body style='font-family: system-ui; text-align: center; padding: 60px;'>\
-                 <h2>Error</h2><p>Invalid callback parameters.</p></body></html>"
-                    .to_string(),
-            )
-            .into_response();
-        }
-        _ => {
-            return axum::response::Html(
-                "<html><body style='font-family: system-ui; text-align: center; padding: 60px;'>\
-                 <h2>Error</h2><p>Invalid callback parameters.</p></body></html>"
-                    .to_string(),
-            )
-            .into_response();
-        }
-    };
-
     // Validate team_id format: empty or T followed by alphanumeric (max 20 chars)
     let team_id = params.get("team_id").cloned().unwrap_or_default();
     if !team_id.is_empty() {
@@ -879,30 +989,16 @@ async fn slack_relay_oauth_callback_handler(
     let _ = ext_mgr.secrets().delete(&state.user_id, &state_key).await;
 
     let result: Result<(), String> = async {
-        // Store the stream token as a secret
-        let token_key = format!("relay:{}:stream_token", DEFAULT_RELAY_NAME);
-        let _ = ext_mgr.secrets().delete(&state.user_id, &token_key).await;
-        ext_mgr
-            .secrets()
-            .create(
-                &state.user_id,
-                crate::secrets::CreateSecretParams {
-                    name: token_key,
-                    value: secrecy::SecretString::from(stream_token),
-                    provider: Some(provider.clone()),
-                    expires_at: None,
-                },
-            )
-            .await
-            .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to store stream token: {}", e))?;
+        let store = state.store.as_ref().ok_or_else(|| {
+            "Relay activation requires persistent settings storage; no-db mode is unsupported."
+                .to_string()
+        })?;
 
         // Store team_id in settings
-        if let Some(ref store) = state.store {
-            let team_id_key = format!("relay:{}:team_id", DEFAULT_RELAY_NAME);
-            let _ = store
-                .set_setting(&state.user_id, &team_id_key, &serde_json::json!(team_id))
-                .await;
-        }
+        let team_id_key = format!("relay:{}:team_id", DEFAULT_RELAY_NAME);
+        let _ = store
+            .set_setting(&state.user_id, &team_id_key, &serde_json::json!(team_id))
+            .await;
 
         // Activate the relay channel
         ext_mgr
@@ -1726,14 +1822,53 @@ async fn memory_write_handler(
         "Workspace not available".to_string(),
     ))?;
 
-    workspace
-        .write(&req.path, &req.content)
-        .await
-        .map_err(|e| (StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, e.to_string()))?;
+    // Route through layer-aware methods when a layer is specified
+    if let Some(ref layer_name) = req.layer {
+        let result = if req.append {
+            workspace
+                .append_to_layer(layer_name, &req.path, &req.content, req.force)
+                .await
+        } else {
+            workspace
+                .write_to_layer(layer_name, &req.path, &req.content, req.force)
+                .await
+        }
+        .map_err(|e| {
+            use crate::error::WorkspaceError;
+            let status = match &e {
+                WorkspaceError::LayerNotFound { .. } => StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST,
+                WorkspaceError::LayerReadOnly { .. } => StatusCode::FORBIDDEN,
+                WorkspaceError::PrivacyRedirectFailed => StatusCode::UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
+                _ => StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+            };
+            (status, e.to_string())
+        })?;
+        return Ok(Json(MemoryWriteResponse {
+            path: req.path,
+            status: "written",
+            redirected: Some(result.redirected),
+            actual_layer: Some(result.actual_layer),
+        }));
+    }
+
+    // Non-layer path: honor the append field
+    if req.append {
+        workspace
+            .append(&req.path, &req.content)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| (StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, e.to_string()))?;
+    } else {
+        workspace
+            .write(&req.path, &req.content)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| (StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, e.to_string()))?;
+    }
 
     Ok(Json(MemoryWriteResponse {
         path: req.path,
         status: "written",
+        redirected: None,
+        actual_layer: None,
     }))
 }
 
@@ -2315,164 +2450,6 @@ async fn pairing_approve_handler(
     }
 }
 
-// --- Routines handlers ---
-
-async fn routines_list_handler(
-    State(state): State<Arc<GatewayState>>,
-) -> Result<Json<RoutineListResponse>, (StatusCode, String)> {
-    let store = state.store.as_ref().ok_or((
-        StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,
-        "Database not available".to_string(),
-    ))?;
-
-    let routines = store
-        .list_all_routines()
-        .await
-        .map_err(|e| (StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, e.to_string()))?;
-
-    let items: Vec<RoutineInfo> = routines.iter().map(RoutineInfo::from_routine).collect();
-
-    Ok(Json(RoutineListResponse { routines: items }))
-}
-
-async fn routines_summary_handler(
-    State(state): State<Arc<GatewayState>>,
-) -> Result<Json<RoutineSummaryResponse>, (StatusCode, String)> {
-    let store = state.store.as_ref().ok_or((
-        StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,
-        "Database not available".to_string(),
-    ))?;
-
-    let routines = store
-        .list_all_routines()
-        .await
-        .map_err(|e| (StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, e.to_string()))?;
-
-    let total = routines.len() as u64;
-    let enabled = routines.iter().filter(|r| r.enabled).count() as u64;
-    let disabled = total - enabled;
-    let failing = routines
-        .iter()
-        .filter(|r| r.consecutive_failures > 0)
-        .count() as u64;
-
-    let today_start = chrono::Utc::now()
-        .date_naive()
-        .and_hms_opt(0, 0, 0)
-        .map(|dt| dt.and_utc());
-    let runs_today = if let Some(start) = today_start {
-        routines
-            .iter()
-            .filter(|r| r.last_run_at.is_some_and(|ts| ts >= start))
-            .count() as u64
-    } else {
-        0
-    };
-
-    Ok(Json(RoutineSummaryResponse {
-        total,
-        enabled,
-        disabled,
-        failing,
-        runs_today,
-    }))
-}
-
-async fn routines_detail_handler(
-    State(state): State<Arc<GatewayState>>,
-    Path(id): Path<String>,
-) -> Result<Json<RoutineDetailResponse>, (StatusCode, String)> {
-    let store = state.store.as_ref().ok_or((
-        StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,
-        "Database not available".to_string(),
-    ))?;
-
-    let routine_id = Uuid::parse_str(&id)
-        .map_err(|_| (StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST, "Invalid routine ID".to_string()))?;
-
-    let routine = store
-        .get_routine(routine_id)
-        .await
-        .map_err(|e| (StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, e.to_string()))?
-        .ok_or((StatusCode::NOT_FOUND, "Routine not found".to_string()))?;
-
-    let runs = store
-        .list_routine_runs(routine_id, 20)
-        .await
-        .map_err(|e| (StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, e.to_string()))?;
-
-    let recent_runs: Vec<RoutineRunInfo> = runs
-        .iter()
-        .map(|run| RoutineRunInfo {
-            id: run.id,
-            trigger_type: run.trigger_type.clone(),
-            started_at: run.started_at.to_rfc3339(),
-            completed_at: run.completed_at.map(|dt| dt.to_rfc3339()),
-            status: format!("{:?}", run.status),
-            result_summary: run.result_summary.clone(),
-            tokens_used: run.tokens_used,
-            job_id: run.job_id,
-        })
-        .collect();
-    let routine_info = RoutineInfo::from_routine(&routine);
-
-    Ok(Json(RoutineDetailResponse {
-        id: routine.id,
-        name: routine.name.clone(),
-        description: routine.description.clone(),
-        enabled: routine.enabled,
-        trigger_type: routine_info.trigger_type,
-        trigger_raw: routine_info.trigger_raw,
-        trigger_summary: routine_info.trigger_summary,
-        trigger: serde_json::to_value(&routine.trigger).unwrap_or_default(),
-        action: serde_json::to_value(&routine.action).unwrap_or_default(),
-        guardrails: serde_json::to_value(&routine.guardrails).unwrap_or_default(),
-        notify: serde_json::to_value(&routine.notify).unwrap_or_default(),
-        last_run_at: routine.last_run_at.map(|dt| dt.to_rfc3339()),
-        next_fire_at: routine.next_fire_at.map(|dt| dt.to_rfc3339()),
-        run_count: routine.run_count,
-        consecutive_failures: routine.consecutive_failures,
-        created_at: routine.created_at.to_rfc3339(),
-        recent_runs,
-    }))
-}
-
-async fn routines_trigger_handler(
-    State(state): State<Arc<GatewayState>>,
-    Path(id): Path<String>,
-) -> Result<Json<serde_json::Value>, (StatusCode, String)> {
-    let engine = {
-        let guard = state.routine_engine.read().await;
-        guard.as_ref().cloned().ok_or((
-            StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,
-            "Routine engine not available".to_string(),
-        ))?
-    };
-
-    let routine_id = Uuid::parse_str(&id)
-        .map_err(|_| (StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST, "Invalid routine ID".to_string()))?;
-
-    let run_id = engine
-        .fire_manual(routine_id, Some(&state.user_id))
-        .await
-        .map_err(|e| {
-            let status = match &e {
-                crate::error::RoutineError::NotFound { .. } => StatusCode::NOT_FOUND,
-                crate::error::RoutineError::NotAuthorized { .. } => StatusCode::FORBIDDEN,
-                crate::error::RoutineError::Disabled { .. }
-                | crate::error::RoutineError::MaxConcurrent { .. } => StatusCode::CONFLICT,
-                _ => StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
-            };
-            (status, e.to_string())
-        })?;
-
-    Ok(Json(serde_json::json!({
-        "status": "triggered",
-        "routine_id": routine_id,
-        "run_id": run_id,
-    })))
-}
-
 async fn routines_runs_handler(
     State(state): State<Arc<GatewayState>>,
     Path(id): Path<String>,
@@ -2902,6 +2879,7 @@ mod tests {
             scheduler: None,
             chat_rate_limiter: RateLimiter::new(30, 60),
             oauth_rate_limiter: RateLimiter::new(10, 60),
+            webhook_rate_limiter: RateLimiter::new(10, 60),
             registry_entries: vec![],
             cost_guard: None,
             routine_engine: Arc::new(tokio::sync::RwLock::new(None)),
@@ -3253,7 +3231,7 @@ mod tests {
             secrets,
             sse_sender: None,
             gateway_token: None,
-            resource: None,
+            token_exchange_extra_params: std::collections::HashMap::new(),
             client_id_secret_name: None,
             created_at,
         };
@@ -3321,7 +3299,7 @@ mod tests {
             secrets,
             sse_sender: Some(sender),
             gateway_token: None,
-            resource: None,
+            token_exchange_extra_params: std::collections::HashMap::new(),
             client_id_secret_name: None,
             created_at,
         };
@@ -3424,7 +3402,7 @@ mod tests {
             secrets,
             sse_sender: None,
             gateway_token: None,
-            resource: None,
+            token_exchange_extra_params: std::collections::HashMap::new(),
             client_id_secret_name: None,
             // Expired — handler will reject after lookup (no network I/O)
             created_at,
@@ -3476,6 +3454,85 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_oauth_callback_accepts_versioned_hosted_state() {
+        use axum::body::Body;
+        use tower::ServiceExt;
+
+        let secrets: Arc<dyn crate::secrets::SecretsStore + Send + Sync> =
+            Arc::new(crate::secrets::InMemorySecretsStore::new(Arc::new(
+                crate::secrets::SecretsCrypto::new(secrecy::SecretString::from(
+                    TEST_GATEWAY_CRYPTO_KEY.to_string(),
+                ))
+                .expect("crypto"),
+            )));
+        let (ext_mgr, _wasm_tools_dir, _wasm_channels_dir) = test_ext_mgr(secrets.clone());
+
+        let Some(created_at) = expired_flow_created_at() else {
+            eprintln!("Skipping versioned OAuth state test: monotonic uptime below expiry window");
+            return;
+        };
+        let flow = crate::cli::oauth_defaults::PendingOAuthFlow {
+            extension_name: "test_tool".to_string(),
+            display_name: "Test Tool".to_string(),
+            token_url: "https://example.com/token".to_string(),
+            client_id: "client123".to_string(),
+            client_secret: None,
+            redirect_uri: "https://example.com/oauth/callback".to_string(),
+            code_verifier: None,
+            access_token_field: "access_token".to_string(),
+            secret_name: "test_token".to_string(),
+            provider: None,
+            validation_endpoint: None,
+            scopes: vec![],
+            user_id: "test".to_string(),
+            secrets,
+            sse_sender: None,
+            gateway_token: None,
+            token_exchange_extra_params: std::collections::HashMap::new(),
+            client_id_secret_name: None,
+            created_at,
+        };
+
+        ext_mgr
+            .pending_oauth_flows()
+            .write()
+            .await
+            .insert("test_nonce".to_string(), flow);
+
+        let state = test_gateway_state(Some(ext_mgr.clone()));
+        let app = test_oauth_router(state);
+        let versioned_state =
+            crate::cli::oauth_defaults::encode_hosted_oauth_state("test_nonce", Some("myinstance"));
+
+        let req = axum::http::Request::builder()
+            .uri(format!(
+                "/oauth/callback?code=fake_code&state={}",
+                urlencoding::encode(&versioned_state)
+            ))
+            .body(Body::empty())
+            .expect("request");
+
+        let resp = ServiceExt::<axum::http::Request<Body>>::oneshot(app, req)
+            .await
+            .expect("response");
+        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+
+        let body = axum::body::to_bytes(resp.into_body(), 1024 * 64)
+            .await
+            .expect("body");
+        let html = String::from_utf8_lossy(&body);
+        assert!(html.contains("Authorization Failed"));
+        assert!(
+            ext_mgr
+                .pending_oauth_flows()
+                .read()
+                .await
+                .get("test_nonce")
+                .is_none()
+        );
+    }
+
     // --- Slack relay OAuth CSRF tests ---
 
     fn test_relay_oauth_router(state: Arc<GatewayState>) -> Router {
@@ -3533,7 +3590,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         // Callback without state param should be rejected
         let req = axum::http::Request::builder()
-            .uri("/oauth/slack/callback?stream_token=tok123&team_id=T123&provider=slack")
+            .uri("/oauth/slack/callback?team_id=T123&provider=slack")
             .body(Body::empty())
             .expect("request");
 
@@ -3577,7 +3634,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         // Callback with wrong state param
         let req = axum::http::Request::builder()
-            .uri("/oauth/slack/callback?stream_token=tok123&team_id=T123&provider=slack&state=wrong-nonce")
+            .uri("/oauth/slack/callback?team_id=T123&provider=slack&state=wrong-nonce")
             .body(Body::empty())
             .expect("request");
 
@@ -3625,7 +3682,7 @@ mod tests {
         // we just verify it doesn't return a CSRF error.
         let req = axum::http::Request::builder()
             .uri(format!(
-                "/oauth/slack/callback?stream_token=tok123&team_id=T123&provider=slack&state={}",
+                "/oauth/slack/callback?team_id=T123&provider=slack&state={}",
                 nonce
             ))
             .body(Body::empty())

src/channels/web/static/app.js

@@ -1,5 +1,69 @@
 // IronClaw Web Gateway - Client
 
+// --- Theme Management (dark / light / system) ---
+// Icon switching is handled by pure CSS via data-theme-mode on <html>.
+
+function getSystemTheme() {
+  return window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: light)').matches ? 'light' : 'dark';
+}
+
+const VALID_THEME_MODES = { dark: true, light: true, system: true };
+
+function getThemeMode() {
+  const stored = localStorage.getItem('ironclaw-theme');
+  return (stored && VALID_THEME_MODES[stored]) ? stored : 'system';
+}
+
+function resolveTheme(mode) {
+  return mode === 'system' ? getSystemTheme() : mode;
+}
+
+function applyTheme(mode) {
+  const resolved = resolveTheme(mode);
+  document.documentElement.setAttribute('data-theme', resolved);
+  document.documentElement.setAttribute('data-theme-mode', mode);
+  const titleKeys = { dark: 'theme.tooltipDark', light: 'theme.tooltipLight', system: 'theme.tooltipSystem' };
+  const btn = document.getElementById('theme-toggle');
+  if (btn) btn.title = (typeof I18n !== 'undefined' && titleKeys[mode]) ? I18n.t(titleKeys[mode]) : ('Theme: ' + mode);
+  const announce = document.getElementById('theme-announce');
+  if (announce) announce.textContent = (typeof I18n !== 'undefined') ? I18n.t('theme.announce', { mode: mode }) : ('Theme: ' + mode);
+}
+
+function toggleTheme() {
+  const cycle = { dark: 'light', light: 'system', system: 'dark' };
+  const current = getThemeMode();
+  const next = cycle[current] || 'dark';
+  localStorage.setItem('ironclaw-theme', next);
+  applyTheme(next);
+}
+
+// Apply theme immediately (FOUC prevention is done via inline script in <head>,
+// but we call again here to ensure tooltip is set after DOM is ready).
+applyTheme(getThemeMode());
+
+// Delay enabling theme transition to avoid flash on initial load.
+requestAnimationFrame(function() {
+  requestAnimationFrame(function() {
+    document.body.classList.add('theme-transition');
+  });
+});
+
+// Listen for OS theme changes — only re-apply when in 'system' mode.
+const mql = window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: light)');
+const onSchemeChange = function() {
+  if (getThemeMode() === 'system') {
+    applyTheme('system');
+  }
+};
+if (mql.addEventListener) {
+  mql.addEventListener('change', onSchemeChange);
+} else if (mql.addListener) {
+  mql.addListener(onSchemeChange);
+}
+
+// Bind theme toggle button (CSP-compliant — no inline onclick).
+document.getElementById('theme-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleTheme);
+
 let token = '';
 let eventSource = null;
 let logEventSource = null;
@@ -100,6 +164,30 @@ document.getElementById('token-input').addEventListener('keydown', (e) => {
   if (e.key === 'Enter') authenticate();
 });
 
+// --- Static element event bindings (CSP-compliant, no inline handlers) ---
+document.getElementById('auth-connect-btn').addEventListener('click', () => authenticate());
+document.getElementById('restart-overlay').addEventListener('click', () => cancelRestart());
+document.getElementById('restart-close-btn').addEventListener('click', () => cancelRestart());
+document.getElementById('restart-cancel-btn').addEventListener('click', () => cancelRestart());
+document.getElementById('restart-confirm-btn').addEventListener('click', () => confirmRestart());
+document.getElementById('language-btn').addEventListener('click', () => toggleLanguageMenu());
+// Language option clicks handled by delegated data-action="switch-language" handler.
+document.getElementById('restart-btn').addEventListener('click', () => triggerRestart());
+document.getElementById('thread-new-btn').addEventListener('click', () => createNewThread());
+document.getElementById('thread-toggle-btn').addEventListener('click', () => toggleThreadSidebar());
+document.getElementById('assistant-thread').addEventListener('click', () => switchToAssistant());
+document.getElementById('send-btn').addEventListener('click', () => sendMessage());
+document.getElementById('memory-edit-btn').addEventListener('click', () => startMemoryEdit());
+document.getElementById('memory-save-btn').addEventListener('click', () => saveMemoryEdit());
+document.getElementById('memory-cancel-btn').addEventListener('click', () => cancelMemoryEdit());
+document.getElementById('logs-server-level').addEventListener('change', function() { setServerLogLevel(this.value); });
+document.getElementById('logs-pause-btn').addEventListener('click', () => toggleLogsPause());
+document.getElementById('logs-clear-btn').addEventListener('click', () => clearLogs());
+document.getElementById('wasm-install-btn').addEventListener('click', () => installWasmExtension());
+document.getElementById('mcp-add-btn').addEventListener('click', () => addMcpServer());
+document.getElementById('skill-search-btn').addEventListener('click', () => searchClawHub());
+document.getElementById('skill-install-btn').addEventListener('click', () => installSkillFromForm());
+
 // Auto-authenticate from URL param or saved session
 (function autoAuth() {
   const params = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);
@@ -1138,18 +1226,19 @@ function showApproval(data) {
   approveBtn.textContent = I18n.t('approval.approve');
   approveBtn.addEventListener('click', () => sendApprovalAction(data.request_id, 'approve'));
 
-  const alwaysBtn = document.createElement('button');
-  alwaysBtn.className = 'always';
-  alwaysBtn.textContent = I18n.t('approval.always');
-  alwaysBtn.addEventListener('click', () => sendApprovalAction(data.request_id, 'always'));
-
   const denyBtn = document.createElement('button');
   denyBtn.className = 'deny';
   denyBtn.textContent = I18n.t('approval.deny');
   denyBtn.addEventListener('click', () => sendApprovalAction(data.request_id, 'deny'));
 
   actions.appendChild(approveBtn);
-  actions.appendChild(alwaysBtn);
+  if (data.allow_always !== false) {
+    const alwaysBtn = document.createElement('button');
+    alwaysBtn.className = 'always';
+    alwaysBtn.textContent = I18n.t('approval.always');
+    alwaysBtn.addEventListener('click', () => sendApprovalAction(data.request_id, 'always'));
+    actions.appendChild(alwaysBtn);
+  }
   actions.appendChild(denyBtn);
   card.appendChild(actions);
 
@@ -3853,7 +3942,6 @@ function renderRoutineDetail(routine) {
       + '<pre class="action-json">' + escapeHtml(JSON.stringify(routine.trigger, null, 2)) + '</pre></div>';
   }
 
-  // Action config
   html += '<div class="job-description"><h3>Action</h3>'
     + '<pre class="action-json">' + escapeHtml(JSON.stringify(routine.action, null, 2)) + '</pre></div>';
 
@@ -4872,7 +4960,14 @@ function renderStructuredSettingsRow(def, value, activeValue) {
   inputWrap.style.gap = '8px';
 
   var ariaLabel = I18n.t(def.label) + (def.description ? '. ' + I18n.t(def.description) : '');
-  var placeholderText = activeValue ? I18n.t('settings.envValue', { value: activeValue }) : (def.placeholder || I18n.t('settings.envDefault'));
+  function formatSettingValue(raw) {
+    if (Array.isArray(raw)) return raw.join(', ');
+    if (raw === null || raw === undefined) return '';
+    return String(raw);
+  }
+
+  var activeValueText = formatSettingValue(activeValue);
+  var placeholderText = activeValueText ? I18n.t('settings.envValue', { value: activeValueText }) : (def.placeholder || I18n.t('settings.envDefault'));
 
   if (def.type === 'boolean') {
     var boolSel = document.createElement('select');
@@ -4944,6 +5039,26 @@ function renderStructuredSettingsRow(def, value, activeValue) {
       };
     })(def.key, numInp));
     inputWrap.appendChild(numInp);
+  } else if (def.type === 'list') {
+    var listInp = document.createElement('input');
+    listInp.type = 'text';
+    listInp.className = 'settings-input';
+    listInp.setAttribute('aria-label', ariaLabel);
+    var listValue = '';
+    if (Array.isArray(value)) listValue = value.join(', ');
+    else if (typeof value === 'string') listValue = value;
+    listInp.value = listValue;
+    if (!listValue) listInp.placeholder = placeholderText;
+    listInp.addEventListener('change', (function(k, el) {
+      return function() {
+        if (el.value.trim() === '') return saveSetting(k, null);
+        var items = el.value.split(/[\n,]/).map(function(item) {
+          return item.trim();
+        }).filter(Boolean);
+        saveSetting(k, items);
+      };
+    })(def.key, listInp));
+    inputWrap.appendChild(listInp);
   } else {
     var textInp = document.createElement('input');
     textInp.type = 'text';

src/channels/web/static/i18n/en.js

@@ -24,6 +24,12 @@ I18n.register('en', {
   'restart.progressSubtitle': 'Please wait for the process to restart...',
   'restart.checkLogs': 'Check the Logs tab for details after restart completes.',
   
+  // Theme
+  'theme.tooltipDark': 'Theme: Dark (click for Light)',
+  'theme.tooltipLight': 'Theme: Light (click for System)',
+  'theme.tooltipSystem': 'Theme: System (click for Dark)',
+  'theme.announce': 'Theme: {mode}',
+
   // Tabs
   'tab.chat': 'Chat',
   'tab.memory': 'Memory',

src/channels/web/static/i18n/zh-CN.js

@@ -24,6 +24,12 @@ I18n.register('zh-CN', {
   'restart.progressSubtitle': '请等待进程重启...',
   'restart.checkLogs': '重启完成后，请查看日志标签页了解详情。',
   
+  // 主题
+  'theme.tooltipDark': '主题：深色（点击切换浅色）',
+  'theme.tooltipLight': '主题：浅色（点击切换跟随系统）',
+  'theme.tooltipSystem': '主题：跟随系统（点击切换深色）',
+  'theme.announce': '主题：{mode}',
+
   // 标签页
   'tab.chat': '聊天',
   'tab.memory': '记忆',

src/channels/web/static/index.html

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
     integrity="sha384-pN9zSKOnTZwXRtYZAu0PBPEgR2B7DOC1aeLxQ33oJ0oy5iN1we6gm57xldM2irDG"
     crossorigin="anonymous"
   ></script>
+  <script src="/theme-init.js"></script>
 </head>
 <body>
   <!-- Auth Screen -->
@@ -109,6 +110,18 @@
       </div>
 
       <button class="status-logs-btn" data-tab="logs" data-i18n="tab.logs" title="Logs">Logs</button>
+      <button class="theme-toggle-btn" id="theme-toggle" title="Toggle theme" aria-label="Toggle theme">
+        <svg class="theme-icon icon-dark" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
+          <path d="M21 12.79A9 9 0 1 1 11.21 3 7 7 0 0 0 21 12.79z"/>
+        </svg>
+        <svg class="theme-icon icon-light" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
+          <circle cx="12" cy="12" r="5"/><line x1="12" y1="1" x2="12" y2="3"/><line x1="12" y1="21" x2="12" y2="23"/><line x1="4.22" y1="4.22" x2="5.64" y2="5.64"/><line x1="18.36" y1="18.36" x2="19.78" y2="19.78"/><line x1="1" y1="12" x2="3" y2="12"/><line x1="21" y1="12" x2="23" y2="12"/><line x1="4.22" y1="19.78" x2="5.64" y2="18.36"/><line x1="18.36" y1="5.64" x2="19.78" y2="4.22"/>
+        </svg>
+        <svg class="theme-icon icon-system" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
+          <rect x="2" y="3" width="20" height="14" rx="2" ry="2"/><line x1="8" y1="21" x2="16" y2="21"/><line x1="12" y1="17" x2="12" y2="21"/>
+        </svg>
+      </button>
+      <span id="theme-announce" class="sr-only" aria-live="polite"></span>
       <div class="tee-shield" id="tee-shield" style="display:none" title="Running in a Trusted Execution Environment">
         <svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
           <path d="M12 22s8-4 8-10V5l-8-3-8 3v7c0 6 8 10 8 10z"/>
@@ -135,19 +148,17 @@
     <!-- Chat Tab -->
     <div class="tab-panel active" id="tab-chat">
       <div class="thread-sidebar" id="thread-sidebar">
-        <div class="thread-sidebar-header">
-          <button class="thread-new-btn" id="thread-new-btn" data-i18n="chat.newThread" data-i18n-attr="title"
-            title="New thread (Ctrl/Cmd+N)">+</button>
-          <div class="spacer"></div>
-          <button class="thread-toggle-btn" id="thread-toggle-btn" data-i18n="chat.toggleSidebar"
-            data-i18n-attr="title" title="Toggle sidebar">&laquo;</button>
-        </div>
         <div class="assistant-item" id="assistant-thread">
           <span class="assistant-label" id="assistant-label" data-i18n="chat.assistant">Assistant</span>
           <span class="assistant-meta" id="assistant-meta"></span>
         </div>
         <div class="threads-section-header">
           <span data-i18n="chat.conversations">Conversations</span>
+          <div class="spacer"></div>
+          <button class="thread-new-btn" id="thread-new-btn" data-i18n="chat.newThread" data-i18n-attr="title"
+            title="New thread (Ctrl/Cmd+N)">+</button>
+          <button class="thread-toggle-btn" id="thread-toggle-btn" data-i18n="chat.toggleSidebar"
+            data-i18n-attr="title" title="Toggle sidebar">&laquo;</button>
         </div>
         <div class="thread-list" id="thread-list"></div>
       </div>

src/channels/web/static/theme-init.js

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Prevent FOUC: apply saved theme before first paint.
+// This script must be loaded synchronously in <head> (no defer/async).
+(function() {
+  const stored = localStorage.getItem('ironclaw-theme');
+  const mode = (stored === 'dark' || stored === 'light' || stored === 'system') ? stored : 'system';
+  let resolved = mode;
+  if (mode === 'system') {
+    resolved = window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: light)').matches ? 'light' : 'dark';
+  }
+  document.documentElement.setAttribute('data-theme', resolved);
+  document.documentElement.setAttribute('data-theme-mode', mode);
+})();

src/channels/web/test_helpers.rs

@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ impl TestGatewayBuilder {
             scheduler: None,
             chat_rate_limiter: RateLimiter::new(30, 60),
             oauth_rate_limiter: RateLimiter::new(10, 60),
+            webhook_rate_limiter: RateLimiter::new(10, 60),
             registry_entries: Vec::new(),
             cost_guard: None,
             routine_engine: Arc::new(tokio::sync::RwLock::new(None)),

src/channels/web/types.rs

@@ -177,6 +177,8 @@ pub enum SseEvent {
         parameters: String,
         #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
         thread_id: Option<String>,
+        /// Whether the "always" auto-approve option should be shown.
+        allow_always: bool,
     },
     #[serde(rename = "auth_required")]
     AuthRequired {
@@ -230,6 +232,8 @@ pub enum SseEvent {
         status: String,
         #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
         session_id: Option<String>,
+        #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+        fallback_deliverable: Option<serde_json::Value>,
     },
 
     /// An image was generated by a tool.
@@ -298,12 +302,30 @@ pub struct MemoryReadResponse {
 pub struct MemoryWriteRequest {
     pub path: String,
     pub content: String,
+    /// Optional layer to write to. When present, uses `write_to_layer()`
+    /// which enables privacy classification and redirect.
+    pub layer: Option<String>,
+    /// When true and a layer is specified, appends to existing content
+    /// instead of replacing it.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub append: bool,
+    /// Skip privacy classification and write directly to the specified layer.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub force: bool,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
 pub struct MemoryWriteResponse {
     pub path: String,
     pub status: &'static str,
+    /// Whether the write was redirected to a different layer (e.g., sensitive
+    /// content redirected from shared to private).
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub redirected: Option<bool>,
+    /// The layer the content was actually written to (may differ from requested
+    /// layer if privacy redirect occurred).
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub actual_layer: Option<String>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
@@ -810,6 +832,14 @@ impl RoutineInfo {
                 String::new(),
                 format!("event: {}.{}", source, event_type),
             ),
+            crate::agent::routine::Trigger::Webhook { path, .. } => {
+                let p = path.as_deref().unwrap_or("default");
+                (
+                    "webhook".to_string(),
+                    String::new(),
+                    format!("webhook: /api/webhooks/{}", p),
+                )
+            }
             crate::agent::routine::Trigger::Manual => (
                 "manual".to_string(),
                 String::new(),
@@ -1080,6 +1110,7 @@ mod tests {
             description: "Run ls".to_string(),
             parameters: "{}".to_string(),
             thread_id: Some("t1".to_string()),
+            allow_always: true,
         };
         let ws = WsServerMessage::from_sse_event(&sse);
         match ws {

src/channels/web/ws.rs

@@ -517,6 +517,7 @@ mod tests {
             skill_catalog: None,
             chat_rate_limiter: crate::channels::web::server::RateLimiter::new(30, 60),
             oauth_rate_limiter: crate::channels::web::server::RateLimiter::new(10, 60),
+            webhook_rate_limiter: crate::channels::web::server::RateLimiter::new(10, 60),
             registry_entries: Vec::new(),
             cost_guard: None,
             routine_engine: Arc::new(tokio::sync::RwLock::new(None)),

src/cli/doctor.rs

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ pub async fn run_doctor_command() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
 
     check(
         "NEAR AI session",
-        check_nearai_session().await,
+        check_nearai_session(&settings).await,
         &mut passed,
         &mut failed,
         &mut skipped,
@@ -215,7 +215,22 @@ fn check_settings_file() -> CheckResult {
 
 // ── NEAR AI session ─────────────────────────────────────────
 
-async fn check_nearai_session() -> CheckResult {
+async fn check_nearai_session(settings: &Settings) -> CheckResult {
+    // Skip entirely when the configured backend is not NEAR AI.
+    let llm_config = match crate::config::LlmConfig::resolve(settings) {
+        Ok(config) => config,
+        Err(e) => {
+            // check_llm_config will report the full error; just skip here.
+            return CheckResult::Skip(format!("LLM config error: {e}"));
+        }
+    };
+    if llm_config.backend != "nearai" {
+        return CheckResult::Skip(format!(
+            "not using NEAR AI backend (backend={})",
+            llm_config.backend
+        ));
+    }
+
     // Check if session file exists
     let session_path = crate::config::llm::default_session_path();
     if !session_path.exists() {
@@ -620,12 +635,53 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn check_nearai_session_does_not_panic() {
-        let result = check_nearai_session().await;
+        let settings = Settings::default();
+        let result = check_nearai_session(&settings).await;
         match result {
             CheckResult::Pass(_) | CheckResult::Fail(_) | CheckResult::Skip(_) => {}
         }
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn check_nearai_session_skips_for_non_nearai_backend() {
+        struct EnvGuard(&'static str, Option<String>);
+        impl Drop for EnvGuard {
+            fn drop(&mut self) {
+                // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
+                unsafe {
+                    match &self.1 {
+                        Some(val) => std::env::set_var(self.0, val),
+                        None => std::env::remove_var(self.0),
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        let _mutex = crate::config::helpers::ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex");
+        let prev = std::env::var("LLM_BACKEND").ok();
+        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX, no concurrent env access.
+        unsafe {
+            std::env::set_var("LLM_BACKEND", "anthropic");
+        }
+        let _env_guard = EnvGuard("LLM_BACKEND", prev);
+
+        let settings = Settings::default();
+        let rt = tokio::runtime::Runtime::new().expect("tokio runtime");
+        let result = rt.block_on(check_nearai_session(&settings));
+        match result {
+            CheckResult::Skip(msg) => {
+                assert!(
+                    msg.contains("backend=anthropic"),
+                    "expected backend name in skip message, got: {msg}"
+                );
+            }
+            other => panic!(
+                "expected Skip for non-nearai backend, got: {}",
+                format_result(&other)
+            ),
+        }
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn check_settings_file_handles_missing() {
         // Settings::default_path() might or might not exist, but must not panic

src/cli/memory.rs

@@ -7,17 +7,18 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use clap::Subcommand;
 
-use crate::workspace::{EmbeddingProvider, SearchConfig, Workspace};
+use crate::workspace::{EmbeddingCacheConfig, EmbeddingProvider, SearchConfig, Workspace};
 
 /// Run a memory command using the Database trait (works with any backend).
 pub async fn run_memory_command_with_db(
     cmd: MemoryCommand,
     db: std::sync::Arc<dyn crate::db::Database>,
     embeddings: Option<Arc<dyn EmbeddingProvider>>,
+    cache_config: EmbeddingCacheConfig,
 ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     let mut workspace = Workspace::new_with_db("default", db);
     if let Some(emb) = embeddings {
-        workspace = workspace.with_embeddings(emb);
+        workspace = workspace.with_embeddings_cached(emb, cache_config);
     }
 
     match cmd {
@@ -85,10 +86,11 @@ pub async fn run_memory_command(
     cmd: MemoryCommand,
     pool: deadpool_postgres::Pool,
     embeddings: Option<Arc<dyn EmbeddingProvider>>,
+    cache_config: EmbeddingCacheConfig,
 ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     let mut workspace = Workspace::new("default", pool);
     if let Some(emb) = embeddings {
-        workspace = workspace.with_embeddings(emb);
+        workspace = workspace.with_embeddings_cached(emb, cache_config);
     }
 
     match cmd {

src/cli/mod.rs

@@ -239,6 +239,17 @@ pub enum Command {
     )]
     Import(ImportCommand),
 
+    /// Authenticate with a provider (re-login)
+    #[command(
+        about = "Authenticate with a provider",
+        long_about = "Re-authenticate with an LLM provider.\nExample: ironclaw login --openai-codex"
+    )]
+    Login {
+        /// Authenticate with OpenAI Codex (ChatGPT subscription)
+        #[arg(long)]
+        openai_codex: bool,
+    },
+
     /// Run as a sandboxed worker inside a Docker container (internal use).
     /// This is invoked automatically by the orchestrator, not by users directly.
     #[command(hide = true)]
@@ -336,7 +347,10 @@ pub async fn run_memory_command(mem_cmd: &MemoryCommand) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         .await
         .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("{}", e))?;
 
-    run_memory_command_with_db(mem_cmd.clone(), db, embeddings).await
+    let cache_config = crate::workspace::EmbeddingCacheConfig {
+        max_entries: config.embeddings.cache_size,
+    };
+    run_memory_command_with_db(mem_cmd.clone(), db, embeddings, cache_config).await
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]

src/cli/oauth_defaults.rs

@@ -5,17 +5,10 @@
 //!
 //! # Built-in Credentials
 //!
-//! Many CLI tools (gcloud, rclone, gdrive) ship with default OAuth credentials
-//! so users don't need to register their own OAuth app. Google explicitly
-//! documents that client_secret for "Desktop App" / "Installed App" types
-//! is NOT actually secret.
-//!
-//! Default credentials are hardcoded below. They can be overridden at:
-//!
-//! - **Compile time**: Set IRONCLAW_GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID / IRONCLAW_GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET
-//!   env vars before building to replace the hardcoded defaults.
-//! - **Runtime**: Users can set GOOGLE_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID / GOOGLE_OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET
-//!   env vars, which take priority over built-in defaults.
+//! Some providers ship with built-in OAuth credentials so users don't need to
+//! register their own OAuth app just to get started. Today this module only
+//! includes built-in defaults for Google-family tools, and those defaults can
+//! be overridden by provider-specific environment variables when needed.
 
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -23,6 +16,7 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 
 use base64::{Engine, engine::general_purpose::URL_SAFE_NO_PAD};
 use rand::RngCore;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use sha2::{Digest, Sha256};
 use tokio::sync::RwLock;
 
@@ -60,6 +54,14 @@ pub fn builtin_credentials(secret_name: &str) -> Option<OAuthCredentials> {
     }
 }
 
+/// Returns the compile-time override env var name, if this provider supports one.
+pub fn builtin_client_id_override_env(secret_name: &str) -> Option<&'static str> {
+    match secret_name {
+        "google_oauth_token" => Some("IRONCLAW_GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID"),
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+
 // ── Shared callback server ──────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 // Core OAuth callback infrastructure is defined in `crate::llm::oauth_helpers`
@@ -173,9 +175,8 @@ pub async fn exchange_oauth_code(
     code_verifier: Option<&str>,
     access_token_field: &str,
 ) -> Result<OAuthTokenResponse, OAuthCallbackError> {
-    // Delegates to exchange_oauth_code_with_resource with resource=None.
-    // Non-MCP OAuth flows don't need the RFC 8707 resource parameter.
-    exchange_oauth_code_with_resource(
+    let extra_token_params = HashMap::new();
+    exchange_oauth_code_with_params(
         token_url,
         client_id,
         client_secret,
@@ -183,16 +184,14 @@ pub async fn exchange_oauth_code(
         redirect_uri,
         code_verifier,
         access_token_field,
-        None,
+        &extra_token_params,
     )
     .await
 }
 
-/// Exchange an OAuth authorization code for tokens, with optional RFC 8707 `resource` parameter.
-///
-/// The `resource` parameter scopes the issued token to a specific server (used by MCP OAuth).
+/// Exchange an OAuth authorization code for tokens with generic extra form parameters.
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
-pub async fn exchange_oauth_code_with_resource(
+pub async fn exchange_oauth_code_with_params(
     token_url: &str,
     client_id: &str,
     client_secret: Option<&str>,
@@ -200,7 +199,7 @@ pub async fn exchange_oauth_code_with_resource(
     redirect_uri: &str,
     code_verifier: Option<&str>,
     access_token_field: &str,
-    resource: Option<&str>,
+    extra_token_params: &HashMap<String, String>,
 ) -> Result<OAuthTokenResponse, OAuthCallbackError> {
     let client = reqwest::Client::new();
     let mut token_params = vec![
@@ -213,10 +212,8 @@ pub async fn exchange_oauth_code_with_resource(
         token_params.push(("code_verifier", verifier.to_string()));
     }
 
-    // RFC 8707: include the `resource` parameter so the authorization server
-    // scopes the issued token to the specific MCP server (protected resource).
-    if let Some(resource) = resource {
-        token_params.push(("resource", resource.to_string()));
+    for (key, value) in extra_token_params {
+        token_params.push((key.as_str(), value.clone()));
     }
 
     let mut request = client.post(token_url);
@@ -276,6 +273,37 @@ pub async fn exchange_oauth_code_with_resource(
     })
 }
 
+/// Exchange an OAuth authorization code for tokens, with optional RFC 8707 `resource` parameter.
+///
+/// The `resource` parameter scopes the issued token to a specific server (used by MCP OAuth).
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+pub async fn exchange_oauth_code_with_resource(
+    token_url: &str,
+    client_id: &str,
+    client_secret: Option<&str>,
+    code: &str,
+    redirect_uri: &str,
+    code_verifier: Option<&str>,
+    access_token_field: &str,
+    resource: Option<&str>,
+) -> Result<OAuthTokenResponse, OAuthCallbackError> {
+    let mut extra_token_params = HashMap::new();
+    if let Some(resource) = resource {
+        extra_token_params.insert("resource".to_string(), resource.to_string());
+    }
+    exchange_oauth_code_with_params(
+        token_url,
+        client_id,
+        client_secret,
+        code,
+        redirect_uri,
+        code_verifier,
+        access_token_field,
+        &extra_token_params,
+    )
+    .await
+}
+
 /// Store OAuth tokens (access + refresh) in the secrets store.
 ///
 /// Also stores the granted scopes as `{secret_name}_scopes` so that scope
@@ -423,9 +451,9 @@ pub struct PendingOAuthFlow {
     pub sse_sender: Option<tokio::sync::broadcast::Sender<crate::channels::web::types::SseEvent>>,
     /// Gateway auth token for authenticating with the platform token exchange proxy.
     pub gateway_token: Option<String>,
-    /// RFC 8707 resource parameter (MCP OAuth only).
-    /// Sent during token exchange to scope the token to a specific MCP server.
-    pub resource: Option<String>,
+    /// Additional form params for the token exchange request.
+    /// Used for provider-specific requirements such as RFC 8707 `resource`.
+    pub token_exchange_extra_params: HashMap<String, String>,
     /// Secret name for persisting the client ID (MCP OAuth only).
     /// Needed so token refresh can find the client_id after the session ends.
     pub client_id_secret_name: Option<String>,
@@ -459,9 +487,7 @@ pub fn new_pending_oauth_registry() -> PendingOAuthRegistry {
 /// URL, meaning the user's browser will redirect to a hosted gateway rather than
 /// localhost.
 pub fn use_gateway_callback() -> bool {
-    std::env::var("IRONCLAW_OAUTH_CALLBACK_URL")
-        .ok()
-        .filter(|v| !v.is_empty())
+    crate::config::helpers::env_or_override("IRONCLAW_OAUTH_CALLBACK_URL")
         .map(|raw| {
             url::Url::parse(&raw)
                 .ok()
@@ -472,6 +498,13 @@ pub fn use_gateway_callback() -> bool {
         .unwrap_or(false)
 }
 
+/// Returns the configured OAuth token-exchange proxy URL, if any.
+pub fn exchange_proxy_url() -> Option<String> {
+    crate::config::helpers::env_or_override("IRONCLAW_OAUTH_EXCHANGE_URL")
+        .map(|url| url.trim().to_string())
+        .filter(|url| !url.is_empty())
+}
+
 /// Maximum age for pending OAuth flows (5 minutes, matching TCP listener timeout).
 pub const OAUTH_FLOW_EXPIRY: Duration = Duration::from_secs(300);
 
@@ -486,23 +519,117 @@ pub async fn sweep_expired_flows(registry: &PendingOAuthRegistry) {
 
 // ── Platform routing helpers ────────────────────────────────────────
 
-/// Prepend instance name to CSRF state for platform routing.
+const HOSTED_STATE_PREFIX: &str = "ic2";
+const HOSTED_STATE_CHECKSUM_BYTES: usize = 12;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct DecodedHostedOAuthState {
+    pub flow_id: String,
+    pub instance_name: Option<String>,
+    pub is_legacy: bool,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+struct HostedOAuthStatePayload {
+    flow_id: String,
+    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    instance_name: Option<String>,
+    issued_at: u64,
+}
+
+fn current_instance_name() -> Option<String> {
+    crate::config::helpers::env_or_override("IRONCLAW_INSTANCE_NAME")
+        .or_else(|| crate::config::helpers::env_or_override("OPENCLAW_INSTANCE_NAME"))
+        .filter(|v| !v.is_empty())
+}
+
+fn hosted_state_checksum(payload_bytes: &[u8]) -> String {
+    let digest = Sha256::digest(payload_bytes);
+    URL_SAFE_NO_PAD.encode(&digest[..HOSTED_STATE_CHECKSUM_BYTES])
+}
+
+/// Build a versioned hosted OAuth state envelope.
 ///
-/// The NEAR AI platform nginx proxy at `auth.DOMAIN` parses the instance name
-/// from the `state` query parameter (format: `instance:nonce`) to route the
-/// OAuth callback to the correct container.
-///
-/// Returns the nonce unchanged when `IRONCLAW_INSTANCE_NAME` is not set
-/// (local/non-platform mode).
-pub fn build_platform_state(nonce: &str) -> String {
-    let instance = std::env::var("IRONCLAW_INSTANCE_NAME")
-        .or_else(|_| std::env::var("OPENCLAW_INSTANCE_NAME"))
-        .ok()
-        .filter(|v| !v.is_empty());
-    match instance {
-        Some(name) => format!("{}:{}", name, nonce),
-        None => nonce.to_string(),
+/// The encoded value is opaque to providers and can be decoded by both
+/// IronClaw and the external auth proxy for routing and callback lookup.
+pub fn encode_hosted_oauth_state(flow_id: &str, instance_name: Option<&str>) -> String {
+    let payload = HostedOAuthStatePayload {
+        flow_id: flow_id.to_string(),
+        instance_name: instance_name
+            .map(str::trim)
+            .filter(|v| !v.is_empty())
+            .map(str::to_string),
+        issued_at: std::time::SystemTime::now()
+            .duration_since(std::time::UNIX_EPOCH)
+            .unwrap_or_default()
+            .as_secs(),
+    };
+    let payload_json = match serde_json::to_vec(&payload) {
+        Ok(payload_json) => payload_json,
+        Err(error) => {
+            tracing::warn!(%error, flow_id, "Failed to serialize hosted OAuth state payload");
+            return payload.flow_id;
+        }
+    };
+    let payload = URL_SAFE_NO_PAD.encode(&payload_json);
+    let checksum = hosted_state_checksum(&payload_json);
+    format!("{HOSTED_STATE_PREFIX}.{payload}.{checksum}")
+}
+
+/// Decode hosted OAuth state in either the new versioned format or the
+/// legacy `instance:nonce`/`nonce` forms.
+pub fn decode_hosted_oauth_state(state: &str) -> Result<DecodedHostedOAuthState, String> {
+    if let Some(rest) = state.strip_prefix(&format!("{HOSTED_STATE_PREFIX}."))
+        && let Some((payload_b64, checksum)) = rest.rsplit_once('.')
+        && let Ok(payload_json) = URL_SAFE_NO_PAD.decode(payload_b64)
+    {
+        let expected_checksum = hosted_state_checksum(&payload_json);
+        if checksum != expected_checksum {
+            return Err("Hosted OAuth state checksum mismatch".to_string());
+        }
+        if let Ok(payload) = serde_json::from_slice::<HostedOAuthStatePayload>(&payload_json)
+            && !payload.flow_id.trim().is_empty()
+        {
+            return Ok(DecodedHostedOAuthState {
+                flow_id: payload.flow_id,
+                instance_name: payload.instance_name.filter(|v| !v.is_empty()),
+                is_legacy: false,
+            });
+        }
     }
+
+    if let Some((instance_name, flow_id)) = state.split_once(':') {
+        if flow_id.is_empty() {
+            return Err("Hosted OAuth legacy state is missing flow_id".to_string());
+        }
+        return Ok(DecodedHostedOAuthState {
+            flow_id: flow_id.to_string(),
+            instance_name: if instance_name.is_empty() {
+                None
+            } else {
+                Some(instance_name.to_string())
+            },
+            is_legacy: true,
+        });
+    }
+
+    if state.is_empty() {
+        return Err("Hosted OAuth state is empty".to_string());
+    }
+
+    Ok(DecodedHostedOAuthState {
+        flow_id: state.to_string(),
+        instance_name: None,
+        is_legacy: true,
+    })
+}
+
+/// Build the hosted callback state used by the public OAuth callback endpoint.
+///
+/// New flows emit a versioned opaque envelope, while callback decoding accepts
+/// both the envelope and the legacy `instance:nonce` contract.
+pub fn build_platform_state(nonce: &str) -> String {
+    encode_hosted_oauth_state(nonce, current_instance_name().as_deref())
 }
 
 /// Strip the instance prefix from a state parameter to recover the lookup nonce.
@@ -517,43 +644,62 @@ pub fn strip_instance_prefix(state: &str) -> &str {
         .unwrap_or(state)
 }
 
+pub struct ProxyTokenExchangeRequest<'a> {
+    pub proxy_url: &'a str,
+    pub gateway_token: &'a str,
+    pub token_url: &'a str,
+    pub client_id: &'a str,
+    pub client_secret: Option<&'a str>,
+    pub code: &'a str,
+    pub redirect_uri: &'a str,
+    pub code_verifier: Option<&'a str>,
+    pub access_token_field: &'a str,
+    pub extra_token_params: &'a HashMap<String, String>,
+}
+
 /// Exchange an OAuth authorization code via the platform's token exchange proxy.
 ///
-/// The proxy holds `client_secret` server-side so the container never sees it.
-/// Authenticated via the gateway auth token (Bearer header).
+/// Authenticated via the gateway auth token (Bearer header). The caller may
+/// either rely on proxy-side secret lookup or forward a `client_secret` when
+/// the provider requires it.
 ///
-/// The proxy expects form params `{code, redirect_uri, code_verifier}` and
-/// returns a standard Google token response `{access_token, refresh_token, expires_in}`.
+/// The proxy expects standard OAuth form params plus optional provider-specific
+/// token params and returns a standard token response such as
+/// `{access_token, refresh_token, expires_in}`.
 pub async fn exchange_via_proxy(
-    proxy_url: &str,
-    gateway_token: &str,
-    code: &str,
-    redirect_uri: &str,
-    code_verifier: Option<&str>,
-    access_token_field: &str,
+    request: ProxyTokenExchangeRequest<'_>,
 ) -> Result<OAuthTokenResponse, OAuthCallbackError> {
-    if gateway_token.is_empty() {
+    if request.gateway_token.is_empty() {
         return Err(OAuthCallbackError::Io(
             "Gateway auth token is required for proxy token exchange".to_string(),
         ));
     }
-    let exchange_url = format!("{}/oauth/exchange", proxy_url.trim_end_matches('/'));
+    let exchange_url = format!("{}/oauth/exchange", request.proxy_url.trim_end_matches('/'));
 
     let client = reqwest::Client::builder()
         .timeout(Duration::from_secs(60))
         .build()
         .map_err(|e| OAuthCallbackError::Io(format!("Failed to build HTTP client: {}", e)))?;
     let mut params = vec![
-        ("code", code.to_string()),
-        ("redirect_uri", redirect_uri.to_string()),
+        ("code", request.code.to_string()),
+        ("redirect_uri", request.redirect_uri.to_string()),
+        ("token_url", request.token_url.to_string()),
+        ("client_id", request.client_id.to_string()),
+        ("access_token_field", request.access_token_field.to_string()),
     ];
-    if let Some(verifier) = code_verifier {
+    if let Some(verifier) = request.code_verifier {
         params.push(("code_verifier", verifier.to_string()));
     }
+    if let Some(secret) = request.client_secret {
+        params.push(("client_secret", secret.to_string()));
+    }
+    for (key, value) in request.extra_token_params {
+        params.push((key.as_str(), value.clone()));
+    }
 
     let response = client
         .post(&exchange_url)
-        .bearer_auth(gateway_token)
+        .bearer_auth(request.gateway_token)
         .form(&params)
         .send()
         .await
@@ -576,7 +722,7 @@ pub async fn exchange_via_proxy(
         .map_err(|e| OAuthCallbackError::Io(format!("Failed to parse proxy response: {}", e)))?;
 
     let access_token = token_data
-        .get(access_token_field)
+        .get(request.access_token_field)
         .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
         .ok_or_else(|| {
             let fields: Vec<&str> = token_data
@@ -585,7 +731,7 @@ pub async fn exchange_via_proxy(
                 .unwrap_or_default();
             OAuthCallbackError::Io(format!(
                 "No '{}' field in proxy response (fields present: {:?})",
-                access_token_field, fields
+                request.access_token_field, fields
             ))
         })?
         .to_string();
@@ -605,14 +751,10 @@ pub async fn exchange_via_proxy(
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use std::sync::Mutex;
-
     use crate::cli::oauth_defaults::{
         builtin_credentials, callback_host, callback_url, is_loopback_host, landing_html,
     };
-
-    /// Serializes env-mutating tests to prevent parallel races.
-    static ENV_MUTEX: Mutex<()> = Mutex::new(());
+    use crate::config::helpers::ENV_MUTEX;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_is_loopback_host() {
@@ -935,7 +1077,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_build_platform_state_with_instance() {
-        use crate::cli::oauth_defaults::build_platform_state;
+        use crate::cli::oauth_defaults::{build_platform_state, decode_hosted_oauth_state};
 
         let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
         let original = std::env::var("IRONCLAW_INSTANCE_NAME").ok();
@@ -943,7 +1085,11 @@ mod tests {
         unsafe {
             std::env::set_var("IRONCLAW_INSTANCE_NAME", "kind-deer");
         }
-        assert_eq!(build_platform_state("abc123"), "kind-deer:abc123");
+        let encoded = build_platform_state("abc123");
+        let decoded = decode_hosted_oauth_state(&encoded).expect("decode hosted state");
+        assert_eq!(decoded.flow_id, "abc123");
+        assert_eq!(decoded.instance_name.as_deref(), Some("kind-deer"));
+        assert!(!decoded.is_legacy);
         unsafe {
             if let Some(val) = original {
                 std::env::set_var("IRONCLAW_INSTANCE_NAME", val);
@@ -955,7 +1101,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_build_platform_state_without_instance() {
-        use crate::cli::oauth_defaults::build_platform_state;
+        use crate::cli::oauth_defaults::{build_platform_state, decode_hosted_oauth_state};
 
         let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
         let original = std::env::var("IRONCLAW_INSTANCE_NAME").ok();
@@ -965,7 +1111,11 @@ mod tests {
             std::env::remove_var("IRONCLAW_INSTANCE_NAME");
             std::env::remove_var("OPENCLAW_INSTANCE_NAME");
         }
-        assert_eq!(build_platform_state("abc123"), "abc123");
+        let encoded = build_platform_state("abc123");
+        let decoded = decode_hosted_oauth_state(&encoded).expect("decode hosted state");
+        assert_eq!(decoded.flow_id, "abc123");
+        assert_eq!(decoded.instance_name, None);
+        assert!(!decoded.is_legacy);
         unsafe {
             if let Some(val) = original {
                 std::env::set_var("IRONCLAW_INSTANCE_NAME", val);
@@ -978,7 +1128,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_build_platform_state_with_openclaw_instance() {
-        use crate::cli::oauth_defaults::build_platform_state;
+        use crate::cli::oauth_defaults::{build_platform_state, decode_hosted_oauth_state};
 
         let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
         let original_ic = std::env::var("IRONCLAW_INSTANCE_NAME").ok();
@@ -988,7 +1138,11 @@ mod tests {
             std::env::remove_var("IRONCLAW_INSTANCE_NAME");
             std::env::set_var("OPENCLAW_INSTANCE_NAME", "quiet-lion");
         }
-        assert_eq!(build_platform_state("xyz789"), "quiet-lion:xyz789");
+        let encoded = build_platform_state("xyz789");
+        let decoded = decode_hosted_oauth_state(&encoded).expect("decode hosted state");
+        assert_eq!(decoded.flow_id, "xyz789");
+        assert_eq!(decoded.instance_name.as_deref(), Some("quiet-lion"));
+        assert!(!decoded.is_legacy);
         unsafe {
             if let Some(val) = original_ic {
                 std::env::set_var("IRONCLAW_INSTANCE_NAME", val);
@@ -1017,6 +1171,42 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(strip_instance_prefix(""), "");
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn test_decode_hosted_oauth_state_accepts_legacy_formats() {
+        use crate::cli::oauth_defaults::decode_hosted_oauth_state;
+
+        let decoded = decode_hosted_oauth_state("kind-deer:abc123").expect("legacy prefixed");
+        assert_eq!(decoded.flow_id, "abc123");
+        assert_eq!(decoded.instance_name.as_deref(), Some("kind-deer"));
+        assert!(decoded.is_legacy);
+
+        let decoded = decode_hosted_oauth_state("abc123").expect("legacy raw");
+        assert_eq!(decoded.flow_id, "abc123");
+        assert_eq!(decoded.instance_name, None);
+        assert!(decoded.is_legacy);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_decode_hosted_oauth_state_falls_back_for_non_envelope_ic2_prefix() {
+        use crate::cli::oauth_defaults::decode_hosted_oauth_state;
+
+        let decoded =
+            decode_hosted_oauth_state("ic2.provider-owned-state").expect("prefixed fallback");
+        assert_eq!(decoded.flow_id, "ic2.provider-owned-state");
+        assert_eq!(decoded.instance_name, None);
+        assert!(decoded.is_legacy);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_decode_hosted_oauth_state_rejects_tampered_checksum() {
+        use crate::cli::oauth_defaults::{decode_hosted_oauth_state, encode_hosted_oauth_state};
+
+        let encoded = encode_hosted_oauth_state("abc123", Some("kind-deer"));
+        let tampered = format!("{encoded}broken");
+        let err = decode_hosted_oauth_state(&tampered).expect_err("tampered state should fail");
+        assert!(err.contains("checksum"), "unexpected error: {err}");
+    }
+
     /// Verify that `build_oauth_url` includes the RFC 8707 `resource` parameter
     /// when passed through `extra_params`, which is how MCP OAuth gateway mode
     /// scopes tokens to a specific MCP server.

src/cli/snapshots/ironclaw__cli__tests__help_output.snap

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ Commands:
   status      Show system status
   completion  Generate completions
   import      Import from other AI systems
+  login       Authenticate with a provider
   help        Print this message or the help of the given subcommand(s)
 
 Options:

src/cli/snapshots/ironclaw__cli__tests__help_output_without_import.snap

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ Commands:
   logs        View and manage gateway logs
   status      Show system status
   completion  Generate completions
+  login       Authenticate with a provider
   help        Print this message or the help of the given subcommand(s)
 
 Options:

src/cli/snapshots/ironclaw__cli__tests__long_help_output.snap

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ Commands:
   status      Show system status
   completion  Generate completions
   import      Import from other AI systems
+  login       Authenticate with a provider
   help        Print this message or the help of the given subcommand(s)
 
 Options:

src/cli/snapshots/ironclaw__cli__tests__long_help_output_without_import.snap

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ Commands:
   logs        View and manage gateway logs
   status      Show system status
   completion  Generate completions
+  login       Authenticate with a provider
   help        Print this message or the help of the given subcommand(s)
 
 Options:

src/cli/tool.rs

@@ -651,8 +651,8 @@ async fn auth_tool(name: String, dir: Option<PathBuf>, user_id: String) -> anyho
 
     // Check for OAuth configuration
     if let Some(ref oauth) = auth.oauth {
-        // For providers with shared tokens (e.g., all Google tools share google_oauth_token),
-        // combine scopes from all installed tools so one auth covers everything.
+        // For providers with shared tokens, combine scopes from all installed
+        // tools so one auth covers everything.
         let combined = combine_provider_scopes(&tools_dir, &auth.secret_name, oauth).await;
         if combined.scopes.len() > oauth.scopes.len() {
             let extra = combined.scopes.len() - oauth.scopes.len();
@@ -670,8 +670,8 @@ async fn auth_tool(name: String, dir: Option<PathBuf>, user_id: String) -> anyho
 }
 
 /// Scan the tools directory for all capabilities files sharing the same secret_name
-/// and combine their OAuth scopes. This way, authing any Google tool requests scopes
-/// for ALL installed Google tools, so one login covers everything.
+/// and combine their OAuth scopes so one authorization covers the full shared
+/// credential set.
 async fn combine_provider_scopes(
     tools_dir: &Path,
     secret_name: &str,
@@ -736,11 +736,18 @@ async fn auth_tool_oauth(
         })
         .or_else(|| builtin.as_ref().map(|c| c.client_id.to_string()))
         .ok_or_else(|| {
-            anyhow::anyhow!(
+            let mut message = format!(
                 "OAuth client_id not configured.\n\
-                 Set {} env var, or build with IRONCLAW_GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID.",
+                 Set {} env var",
                 oauth.client_id_env.as_deref().unwrap_or("the client_id")
-            )
+            );
+            if let Some(override_env) =
+                oauth_defaults::builtin_client_id_override_env(&auth.secret_name)
+            {
+                message.push_str(&format!(", or build with {override_env}"));
+            }
+            message.push('.');
+            anyhow::anyhow!(message)
         })?;
 
     // Get client_secret: capabilities file > runtime env var > built-in defaults

src/config/channels.rs

@@ -111,6 +111,10 @@ impl ChannelsConfig {
 
         let gateway_enabled = parse_bool_env("GATEWAY_ENABLED", cs.gateway_enabled)?;
         let gateway = if gateway_enabled {
+            let user_id = optional_env("GATEWAY_USER_ID")?
+                .or_else(|| cs.gateway_user_id.clone())
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| "default".to_string());
+
             Some(GatewayConfig {
                 host: optional_env("GATEWAY_HOST")?
                     .or_else(|| cs.gateway_host.clone())
@@ -121,7 +125,7 @@ impl ChannelsConfig {
                 )?,
                 auth_token: optional_env("GATEWAY_AUTH_TOKEN")?
                     .or_else(|| cs.gateway_auth_token.clone()),
-                user_id: owner_id.to_string(),
+                user_id,
             })
         } else {
             None

src/config/embeddings.rs

@@ -2,12 +2,15 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use secrecy::{ExposeSecret, SecretString};
 
-use crate::config::helpers::{optional_env, parse_bool_env, parse_optional_env};
+use crate::config::helpers::{optional_env, parse_bool_env, parse_optional_env, validate_base_url};
 use crate::error::ConfigError;
 use crate::llm::SessionManager;
 use crate::settings::Settings;
 use crate::workspace::EmbeddingProvider;
 
+/// Default maximum number of cached embeddings.
+pub const DEFAULT_EMBEDDING_CACHE_SIZE: usize = 10_000;
+
 /// Embeddings provider configuration.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct EmbeddingsConfig {
@@ -26,6 +29,12 @@ pub struct EmbeddingsConfig {
     /// Custom base URL for OpenAI-compatible embedding providers.
     /// When set, overrides the default `https://api.openai.com`.
     pub openai_base_url: Option<String>,
+    /// Maximum entries in the embedding LRU cache (default 10,000).
+    ///
+    /// Approximate raw embedding payload: `cache_size × dimension × 4 bytes`.
+    /// 10,000 × 1536 floats ≈ 58 MB (payload only; actual memory is higher
+    /// due to HashMap buckets, per-entry Vec/timestamp overhead).
+    pub cache_size: usize,
 }
 
 impl Default for EmbeddingsConfig {
@@ -40,6 +49,7 @@ impl Default for EmbeddingsConfig {
             ollama_base_url: "http://localhost:11434".to_string(),
             dimension,
             openai_base_url: None,
+            cache_size: DEFAULT_EMBEDDING_CACHE_SIZE,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -47,7 +57,7 @@ impl Default for EmbeddingsConfig {
 /// Infer the embedding dimension from a well-known model name.
 ///
 /// Falls back to 1536 (OpenAI text-embedding-3-small default) for unknown models.
-fn default_dimension_for_model(model: &str) -> usize {
+pub(crate) fn default_dimension_for_model(model: &str) -> usize {
     match model {
         "text-embedding-3-small" => 1536,
         "text-embedding-3-large" => 3072,
@@ -80,6 +90,21 @@ impl EmbeddingsConfig {
 
         let openai_base_url = optional_env("EMBEDDING_BASE_URL")?;
 
+        // Validate base URLs to prevent SSRF attacks (#1103).
+        validate_base_url(&ollama_base_url, "OLLAMA_BASE_URL")?;
+        if let Some(ref url) = openai_base_url {
+            validate_base_url(url, "EMBEDDING_BASE_URL")?;
+        }
+
+        let cache_size = parse_optional_env("EMBEDDING_CACHE_SIZE", DEFAULT_EMBEDDING_CACHE_SIZE)?;
+
+        if cache_size == 0 {
+            return Err(ConfigError::InvalidValue {
+                key: "EMBEDDING_CACHE_SIZE".to_string(),
+                message: "must be at least 1".to_string(),
+            });
+        }
+
         Ok(Self {
             enabled,
             provider,
@@ -88,6 +113,7 @@ impl EmbeddingsConfig {
             ollama_base_url,
             dimension,
             openai_base_url,
+            cache_size,
         })
     }
 
@@ -183,13 +209,13 @@ mod tests {
             std::env::remove_var("EMBEDDING_MODEL");
             std::env::remove_var("OPENAI_API_KEY");
             std::env::remove_var("EMBEDDING_BASE_URL");
+            std::env::remove_var("EMBEDDING_CACHE_SIZE");
         }
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn embeddings_disabled_not_overridden_by_openai_key() {
         let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
-
         clear_embedding_env();
         // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX, no concurrent env access.
         unsafe {
@@ -240,7 +266,6 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn embeddings_env_override_takes_precedence() {
         let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
-
         clear_embedding_env();
         // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
         unsafe {
@@ -274,17 +299,12 @@ mod tests {
 
         // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX, no concurrent env access.
         unsafe {
-            std::env::set_var("EMBEDDING_BASE_URL", "https://custom.example.com");
+            std::env::set_var("EMBEDDING_BASE_URL", "https://8.8.8.8");
         }
 
         let settings = Settings::default();
         let config = EmbeddingsConfig::resolve(&settings).expect("resolve should succeed");
-        assert_eq!(
-            config.openai_base_url.as_deref(),
-            Some("https://custom.example.com"),
-            "EMBEDDING_BASE_URL env var should be parsed into openai_base_url"
-        );
-
+        assert_eq!(config.openai_base_url.as_deref(), Some("https://8.8.8.8"));
         // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
         unsafe {
             std::env::remove_var("EMBEDDING_BASE_URL");
@@ -303,4 +323,24 @@ mod tests {
             "openai_base_url should be None when EMBEDDING_BASE_URL is not set"
         );
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn cache_size_zero_rejected() {
+        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        clear_embedding_env();
+        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
+        unsafe {
+            std::env::set_var("EMBEDDING_CACHE_SIZE", "0");
+        }
+
+        let settings = Settings::default();
+        let result = EmbeddingsConfig::resolve(&settings);
+        assert!(result.is_err(), "cache_size=0 should be rejected");
+        let err = result.unwrap_err().to_string();
+        assert!(err.contains("at least 1"), "should mention minimum: {err}");
+        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
+        unsafe {
+            std::env::remove_var("EMBEDDING_CACHE_SIZE");
+        }
+    }
 }

src/config/helpers.rs

@@ -176,6 +176,151 @@ pub(crate) fn parse_string_env(
     Ok(optional_env(key)?.unwrap_or_else(|| default.into()))
 }
 
+/// Validate a user-configurable base URL to prevent SSRF attacks (#1103).
+///
+/// Rejects:
+/// - Non-HTTP(S) schemes (file://, ftp://, etc.)
+/// - HTTPS URLs pointing at private/loopback/link-local IPs
+/// - HTTP URLs pointing at anything other than localhost/127.0.0.1/::1
+///
+/// This is intended for config-time validation of base URLs like
+/// `OLLAMA_BASE_URL`, `EMBEDDING_BASE_URL`, `NEARAI_BASE_URL`, etc.
+pub(crate) fn validate_base_url(url: &str, field_name: &str) -> Result<(), ConfigError> {
+    use std::net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr};
+
+    let parsed = reqwest::Url::parse(url).map_err(|e| ConfigError::InvalidValue {
+        key: field_name.to_string(),
+        message: format!("invalid URL '{}': {}", url, e),
+    })?;
+
+    let scheme = parsed.scheme();
+    if scheme != "http" && scheme != "https" {
+        return Err(ConfigError::InvalidValue {
+            key: field_name.to_string(),
+            message: format!("only http/https URLs are allowed, got '{}'", scheme),
+        });
+    }
+
+    let host = parsed.host_str().ok_or_else(|| ConfigError::InvalidValue {
+        key: field_name.to_string(),
+        message: "URL is missing a host".to_string(),
+    })?;
+
+    let host_lower = host.to_lowercase();
+
+    // For HTTP (non-TLS), only allow localhost — remote HTTP endpoints
+    // risk credential leakage (e.g. NEAR AI bearer tokens sent over plaintext).
+    if scheme == "http" {
+        let is_localhost = host_lower == "localhost"
+            || host_lower == "127.0.0.1"
+            || host_lower == "::1"
+            || host_lower == "[::1]"
+            || host_lower.ends_with(".localhost");
+        if !is_localhost {
+            return Err(ConfigError::InvalidValue {
+                key: field_name.to_string(),
+                message: format!(
+                    "HTTP (non-TLS) is only allowed for localhost, got '{}'. \
+                     Use HTTPS for remote endpoints.",
+                    host
+                ),
+            });
+        }
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    // Check whether an IP is in a blocked range (private, loopback,
+    // link-local, multicast, metadata, CGN, ULA).
+    let is_dangerous_ip = |ip: &IpAddr| -> bool {
+        match ip {
+            IpAddr::V4(v4) => {
+                v4.is_private()
+                    || v4.is_loopback()
+                    || v4.is_link_local()
+                    || v4.is_multicast()
+                    || v4.is_unspecified()
+                    || *v4 == Ipv4Addr::new(169, 254, 169, 254)
+                    || (v4.octets()[0] == 100 && (v4.octets()[1] & 0xC0) == 64) // CGN
+            }
+            IpAddr::V6(v6) => {
+                if let Some(v4) = v6.to_ipv4_mapped() {
+                    v4.is_private()
+                        || v4.is_loopback()
+                        || v4.is_link_local()
+                        || v4.is_multicast()
+                        || v4.is_unspecified()
+                        || v4 == Ipv4Addr::new(169, 254, 169, 254)
+                        || (v4.octets()[0] == 100 && (v4.octets()[1] & 0xC0) == 64) // CGN
+                } else {
+                    v6.is_loopback()
+                        || v6.is_unspecified()
+                        || (v6.octets()[0] & 0xfe) == 0xfc // ULA (fc00::/7)
+                        || (v6.segments()[0] & 0xffc0) == 0xfe80 // link-local (fe80::/10)
+                        || v6.octets()[0] == 0xff // multicast (ff00::/8)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    // For HTTPS, reject private/loopback/link-local/metadata IPs.
+    // Check both IP literals and resolved hostnames to prevent DNS-based SSRF.
+    if let Ok(ip) = host.parse::<IpAddr>() {
+        if is_dangerous_ip(&ip) {
+            return Err(ConfigError::InvalidValue {
+                key: field_name.to_string(),
+                message: format!(
+                    "URL points to a private/internal IP '{}'. \
+                     This is blocked to prevent SSRF attacks.",
+                    ip
+                ),
+            });
+        }
+    } else {
+        // Hostname — resolve and check all resulting IPs as defense-in-depth.
+        // NOTE: This does NOT fully prevent DNS rebinding attacks (the hostname
+        // could resolve to a different IP at request time). Full protection
+        // would require pinning the resolved IP in the HTTP client's connector.
+        // This validation catches the common case of misconfigured or malicious URLs.
+        //
+        // NOTE: `to_socket_addrs()` performs blocking DNS resolution. This is
+        // acceptable because `validate_base_url` runs at config-load time only,
+        // before the async runtime is fully driving I/O. If this ever moves to
+        // a hot path, wrap in `tokio::task::spawn_blocking` or use
+        // `tokio::net::lookup_host`.
+        use std::net::ToSocketAddrs;
+        let port = parsed.port().unwrap_or(443);
+        match (host, port).to_socket_addrs() {
+            Ok(addrs) => {
+                for addr in addrs {
+                    if is_dangerous_ip(&addr.ip()) {
+                        return Err(ConfigError::InvalidValue {
+                            key: field_name.to_string(),
+                            message: format!(
+                                "hostname '{}' resolves to private/internal IP '{}'. \
+                                 This is blocked to prevent SSRF attacks.",
+                                host,
+                                addr.ip()
+                            ),
+                        });
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                return Err(ConfigError::InvalidValue {
+                    key: field_name.to_string(),
+                    message: format!(
+                        "failed to resolve hostname '{}': {}. \
+                         Base URLs must be resolvable at config time.",
+                        host, e
+                    ),
+                });
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
@@ -226,4 +371,122 @@ mod tests {
         // Now the runtime override is visible again
         assert_eq!(env_or_override(key), Some("override_value".to_string()));
     }
+
+    // --- validate_base_url tests (regression for #1103) ---
+
+    #[test]
+    fn validate_base_url_allows_https() {
+        // Use IP literals to avoid DNS resolution in sandboxed test environments.
+        assert!(validate_base_url("https://8.8.8.8", "TEST").is_ok());
+        assert!(validate_base_url("https://8.8.8.8/v1", "TEST").is_ok());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn validate_base_url_allows_http_localhost() {
+        assert!(validate_base_url("http://localhost:11434", "TEST").is_ok());
+        assert!(validate_base_url("http://127.0.0.1:11434", "TEST").is_ok());
+        assert!(validate_base_url("http://[::1]:11434", "TEST").is_ok());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn validate_base_url_rejects_http_remote() {
+        assert!(validate_base_url("http://evil.example.com", "TEST").is_err());
+        assert!(validate_base_url("http://192.168.1.1", "TEST").is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn validate_base_url_rejects_non_http_schemes() {
+        assert!(validate_base_url("file:///etc/passwd", "TEST").is_err());
+        assert!(validate_base_url("ftp://evil.com", "TEST").is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn validate_base_url_rejects_cloud_metadata() {
+        assert!(validate_base_url("https://169.254.169.254", "TEST").is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn validate_base_url_rejects_private_ips() {
+        assert!(validate_base_url("https://10.0.0.1", "TEST").is_err());
+        assert!(validate_base_url("https://192.168.1.1", "TEST").is_err());
+        assert!(validate_base_url("https://172.16.0.1", "TEST").is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn validate_base_url_rejects_cgn_range() {
+        // Carrier-grade NAT: 100.64.0.0/10
+        assert!(validate_base_url("https://100.64.0.1", "TEST").is_err());
+        assert!(validate_base_url("https://100.127.255.254", "TEST").is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn validate_base_url_rejects_ipv4_mapped_ipv6() {
+        // ::ffff:10.0.0.1 is an IPv4-mapped IPv6 address pointing to private IP
+        assert!(validate_base_url("https://[::ffff:10.0.0.1]", "TEST").is_err());
+        assert!(validate_base_url("https://[::ffff:169.254.169.254]", "TEST").is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn validate_base_url_rejects_ula_ipv6() {
+        // fc00::/7 — unique local addresses
+        assert!(validate_base_url("https://[fc00::1]", "TEST").is_err());
+        assert!(validate_base_url("https://[fd12:3456:789a::1]", "TEST").is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn validate_base_url_handles_url_with_credentials() {
+        // URLs with embedded credentials — validate_base_url checks the host,
+        // not the credentials. Use IP literal to avoid DNS in sandboxed envs.
+        let result = validate_base_url("https://user:[email protected]", "TEST");
+        assert!(result.is_ok());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn validate_base_url_rejects_empty_and_invalid() {
+        assert!(validate_base_url("", "TEST").is_err());
+        assert!(validate_base_url("not-a-url", "TEST").is_err());
+        assert!(validate_base_url("://missing-scheme", "TEST").is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn validate_base_url_rejects_unspecified_ipv4() {
+        assert!(validate_base_url("https://0.0.0.0", "TEST").is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn validate_base_url_rejects_ipv6_loopback_https() {
+        // IPv6 loopback is allowed over HTTP (localhost equivalent),
+        // but must be rejected over HTTPS as a dangerous IP.
+        assert!(validate_base_url("https://[::1]", "TEST").is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn validate_base_url_rejects_ipv6_link_local() {
+        // fe80::/10 — link-local addresses
+        assert!(validate_base_url("https://[fe80::1]", "TEST").is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn validate_base_url_rejects_ipv6_multicast() {
+        // ff00::/8 — multicast addresses
+        assert!(validate_base_url("https://[ff02::1]", "TEST").is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn validate_base_url_rejects_ipv6_unspecified() {
+        // :: — unspecified address
+        assert!(validate_base_url("https://[::]", "TEST").is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn validate_base_url_rejects_dns_failure() {
+        // .invalid TLD is guaranteed to never resolve (RFC 6761)
+        let result = validate_base_url("https://ssrf-test.invalid", "TEST");
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+        let err = result.unwrap_err().to_string();
+        assert!(
+            err.contains("failed to resolve"),
+            "Expected DNS resolution failure, got: {err}"
+        );
+    }
 }

src/config/llm.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use std::path::PathBuf;
 use secrecy::SecretString;
 
 use crate::bootstrap::ironclaw_base_dir;
-use crate::config::helpers::{optional_env, parse_optional_env};
+use crate::config::helpers::{optional_env, parse_optional_env, validate_base_url};
 use crate::error::ConfigError;
 use crate::llm::config::*;
 use crate::llm::registry::{ProviderProtocol, ProviderRegistry};
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ impl LlmConfig {
             },
             provider: None,
             bedrock: None,
+            openai_codex: None,
             request_timeout_secs: 120,
             cheap_model: None,
             smart_routing_cascade: false,
@@ -72,8 +73,12 @@ impl LlmConfig {
             backend_lower == "nearai" || backend_lower == "near_ai" || backend_lower == "near";
         let is_bedrock =
             backend_lower == "bedrock" || backend_lower == "aws_bedrock" || backend_lower == "aws";
+        let is_openai_codex = backend_lower == "openai_codex"
+            || backend_lower == "openai-codex"
+            || backend_lower == "codex";
 
-        if !is_nearai && !is_bedrock && registry.find(&backend_lower).is_none() {
+        if !is_nearai && !is_bedrock && !is_openai_codex && registry.find(&backend_lower).is_none()
+        {
             tracing::warn!(
                 "Unknown LLM backend '{}'. Will attempt as openai_compatible fallback.",
                 backend
@@ -81,9 +86,11 @@ impl LlmConfig {
         }
 
         // Session config (used by NearAI provider for OAuth/session-token auth)
+        let nearai_auth_url = optional_env("NEARAI_AUTH_URL")?
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| "https://private.near.ai".to_string());
+        validate_base_url(&nearai_auth_url, "NEARAI_AUTH_URL")?;
         let session = SessionConfig {
-            auth_base_url: optional_env("NEARAI_AUTH_URL")?
-                .unwrap_or_else(|| "https://private.near.ai".to_string()),
+            auth_base_url: nearai_auth_url,
             session_path: optional_env("NEARAI_SESSION_PATH")?
                 .map(PathBuf::from)
                 .unwrap_or_else(default_session_path),
@@ -92,15 +99,19 @@ impl LlmConfig {
         // Always resolve NEAR AI config (used for embeddings even when not the primary backend)
         let nearai_api_key = optional_env("NEARAI_API_KEY")?.map(SecretString::from);
         let nearai = NearAiConfig {
-            model: Self::resolve_model("NEARAI_MODEL", settings, "zai-org/GLM-latest")?,
+            model: Self::resolve_model("NEARAI_MODEL", settings, crate::llm::DEFAULT_MODEL)?,
             cheap_model: optional_env("NEARAI_CHEAP_MODEL")?,
-            base_url: optional_env("NEARAI_BASE_URL")?.unwrap_or_else(|| {
-                if nearai_api_key.is_some() {
-                    "https://cloud-api.near.ai".to_string()
-                } else {
-                    "https://private.near.ai".to_string()
-                }
-            }),
+            base_url: {
+                let url = optional_env("NEARAI_BASE_URL")?.unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                    if nearai_api_key.is_some() {
+                        "https://cloud-api.near.ai".to_string()
+                    } else {
+                        "https://private.near.ai".to_string()
+                    }
+                });
+                validate_base_url(&url, "NEARAI_BASE_URL")?;
+                url
+            },
             api_key: nearai_api_key,
             fallback_model: optional_env("NEARAI_FALLBACK_MODEL")?,
             max_retries: parse_optional_env("NEARAI_MAX_RETRIES", 3)?,
@@ -120,8 +131,8 @@ impl LlmConfig {
             smart_routing_cascade: parse_optional_env("SMART_ROUTING_CASCADE", true)?,
         };
 
-        // Resolve registry provider config (for non-NearAI, non-Bedrock backends)
-        let provider = if is_nearai || is_bedrock {
+        // Resolve registry provider config (for non-NearAI, non-Bedrock, non-Codex backends)
+        let provider = if is_nearai || is_bedrock || is_openai_codex {
             None
         } else {
             Some(Self::resolve_registry_provider(
@@ -168,6 +179,38 @@ impl LlmConfig {
             None
         };
 
+        // Resolve OpenAI Codex config
+        let openai_codex = if is_openai_codex {
+            // Model: OPENAI_CODEX_MODEL > OPENAI_MODEL > settings.selected_model > default
+            let model = optional_env("OPENAI_CODEX_MODEL")?
+                .or(optional_env("OPENAI_MODEL")?)
+                .or_else(|| settings.selected_model.clone())
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| "gpt-5.3-codex".to_string());
+            let auth_endpoint = optional_env("OPENAI_CODEX_AUTH_URL")?
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| "https://auth.openai.com".to_string());
+            validate_base_url(&auth_endpoint, "OPENAI_CODEX_AUTH_URL")?;
+            let api_base_url = optional_env("OPENAI_CODEX_API_URL")?
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| "https://chatgpt.com/backend-api/codex".to_string());
+            validate_base_url(&api_base_url, "OPENAI_CODEX_API_URL")?;
+            let client_id = optional_env("OPENAI_CODEX_CLIENT_ID")?
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| "app_EMoamEEZ73f0CkXaXp7hrann".to_string());
+            let session_path = optional_env("OPENAI_CODEX_SESSION_PATH")?
+                .map(PathBuf::from)
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| ironclaw_base_dir().join("openai_codex_session.json"));
+            let token_refresh_margin_secs =
+                parse_optional_env("OPENAI_CODEX_REFRESH_MARGIN_SECS", 300)?;
+            Some(OpenAiCodexConfig {
+                model,
+                auth_endpoint,
+                api_base_url,
+                client_id,
+                session_path,
+                token_refresh_margin_secs,
+            })
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
+
         let request_timeout_secs = parse_optional_env("LLM_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_SECS", 120)?;
 
         // Generic cheap model (works with any backend).
@@ -183,6 +226,8 @@ impl LlmConfig {
                 "nearai".to_string()
             } else if is_bedrock {
                 "bedrock".to_string()
+            } else if is_openai_codex {
+                "openai_codex".to_string()
             } else if let Some(ref p) = provider {
                 p.provider_id.clone()
             } else {
@@ -192,6 +237,7 @@ impl LlmConfig {
             nearai,
             provider,
             bedrock,
+            openai_codex,
             request_timeout_secs,
             cheap_model,
             smart_routing_cascade,
@@ -325,6 +371,12 @@ impl LlmConfig {
             });
         }
 
+        // Validate base URL to prevent SSRF (#1103).
+        if !base_url.is_empty() {
+            let field = base_url_env.unwrap_or("LLM_BASE_URL");
+            validate_base_url(&base_url, field)?;
+        }
+
         // Resolve model
         let model = Self::resolve_model(model_env, settings, default_model)?;
 
@@ -337,6 +389,14 @@ impl LlmConfig {
         } else {
             Vec::new()
         };
+        let extra_headers = if canonical_id == "github_copilot" {
+            merge_extra_headers(
+                crate::llm::github_copilot_auth::default_headers(),
+                extra_headers,
+            )
+        } else {
+            extra_headers
+        };
 
         // Resolve OAuth token (Anthropic-specific: `claude login` flow).
         // Only check for OAuth token when the provider is actually Anthropic.
@@ -421,6 +481,26 @@ fn parse_extra_headers(val: &str) -> Result<Vec<(String, String)>, ConfigError>
     Ok(headers)
 }
 
+fn merge_extra_headers(
+    defaults: Vec<(String, String)>,
+    overrides: Vec<(String, String)>,
+) -> Vec<(String, String)> {
+    let mut merged = Vec::new();
+    let mut positions = std::collections::HashMap::<String, usize>::new();
+
+    for (key, value) in defaults.into_iter().chain(overrides) {
+        let normalized = key.to_ascii_lowercase();
+        if let Some(existing_index) = positions.get(&normalized).copied() {
+            merged[existing_index] = (key, value);
+        } else {
+            positions.insert(normalized, merged.len());
+            merged.push((key, value));
+        }
+    }
+
+    merged
+}
+
 /// Get the default session file path (~/.ironclaw/session.json).
 pub fn default_session_path() -> PathBuf {
     ironclaw_base_dir().join("session.json")
@@ -552,6 +632,29 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn merge_extra_headers_prefers_overrides_case_insensitively() {
+        let merged = merge_extra_headers(
+            vec![
+                ("User-Agent".to_string(), "default-agent".to_string()),
+                ("X-Test".to_string(), "default".to_string()),
+            ],
+            vec![
+                ("user-agent".to_string(), "override-agent".to_string()),
+                ("X-Extra".to_string(), "present".to_string()),
+            ],
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            merged,
+            vec![
+                ("user-agent".to_string(), "override-agent".to_string()),
+                ("X-Test".to_string(), "default".to_string()),
+                ("X-Extra".to_string(), "present".to_string()),
+            ]
+        );
+    }
+
     /// Clear all ollama-related env vars.
     fn clear_ollama_env() {
         // SAFETY: Only called under ENV_MUTEX in tests.
@@ -704,6 +807,54 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(provider.protocol, ProviderProtocol::OpenAiCompletions);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn registry_provider_resolves_github_copilot_alias() {
+        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
+        unsafe {
+            std::env::set_var("LLM_BACKEND", "github-copilot");
+            std::env::set_var("GITHUB_COPILOT_TOKEN", "gho_test_token");
+            std::env::set_var(
+                "GITHUB_COPILOT_EXTRA_HEADERS",
+                "Copilot-Integration-Id:custom-chat,X-Test:enabled",
+            );
+        }
+
+        let settings = Settings::default();
+
+        let cfg = LlmConfig::resolve(&settings).expect("resolve should succeed");
+        assert_eq!(cfg.backend, "github_copilot");
+        let provider = cfg.provider.expect("provider config should be present");
+        assert_eq!(provider.provider_id, "github_copilot");
+        assert_eq!(provider.base_url, "https://api.githubcopilot.com");
+        assert_eq!(provider.model, "gpt-4o");
+        assert!(
+            provider
+                .extra_headers
+                .iter()
+                .any(|(key, value)| { key == "Copilot-Integration-Id" && value == "custom-chat" })
+        );
+        assert!(
+            provider
+                .extra_headers
+                .iter()
+                .any(|(key, value)| key == "User-Agent" && value == "GitHubCopilotChat/0.26.7")
+        );
+        assert!(
+            provider
+                .extra_headers
+                .iter()
+                .any(|(key, value)| key == "X-Test" && value == "enabled")
+        );
+
+        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
+        unsafe {
+            std::env::remove_var("LLM_BACKEND");
+            std::env::remove_var("GITHUB_COPILOT_TOKEN");
+            std::env::remove_var("GITHUB_COPILOT_EXTRA_HEADERS");
+        }
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn nearai_backend_has_no_registry_provider() {
         let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
@@ -803,19 +954,19 @@ mod tests {
         // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
         unsafe {
             std::env::set_var("LLM_BACKEND", "openai_compatible");
-            std::env::set_var("LLM_BASE_URL", "http://env-url/v1");
+            std::env::set_var("LLM_BASE_URL", "http://localhost:8000/v1");
         }
 
         let settings = Settings {
             llm_backend: Some("openai_compatible".to_string()),
-            openai_compatible_base_url: Some("http://settings-url/v1".to_string()),
+            openai_compatible_base_url: Some("http://localhost:9000/v1".to_string()),
             ..Default::default()
         };
 
         let cfg = LlmConfig::resolve(&settings).expect("resolve should succeed");
         let provider = cfg.provider.expect("should have provider config");
         assert_eq!(
-            provider.base_url, "http://env-url/v1",
+            provider.base_url, "http://localhost:8000/v1",
             "env var should take priority over settings"
         );
 
@@ -827,7 +978,7 @@ mod tests {
         let cfg = LlmConfig::resolve(&settings).expect("resolve should succeed");
         let provider = cfg.provider.expect("should have provider config");
         assert_eq!(
-            provider.base_url, "http://settings-url/v1",
+            provider.base_url, "http://localhost:9000/v1",
             "settings should take priority over registry default"
         );
 
@@ -1057,4 +1208,159 @@ mod tests {
             std::env::remove_var("LLM_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_SECS");
         }
     }
+
+    // ── OpenAI Codex tests ──────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    /// Clear all openai-codex-related env vars.
+    fn clear_openai_codex_env() {
+        // SAFETY: Only called under ENV_MUTEX in tests.
+        unsafe {
+            std::env::remove_var("LLM_BACKEND");
+            std::env::remove_var("OPENAI_CODEX_MODEL");
+            std::env::remove_var("OPENAI_MODEL");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn openai_codex_resolves_config() {
+        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        clear_openai_codex_env();
+
+        let settings = Settings {
+            llm_backend: Some("openai_codex".to_string()),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+
+        let cfg = LlmConfig::resolve(&settings).expect("resolve should succeed");
+        assert_eq!(cfg.backend, "openai_codex");
+        let codex = cfg.openai_codex.expect("codex config should be present");
+        assert_eq!(codex.model, "gpt-5.3-codex"); // default
+        assert!(
+            cfg.provider.is_none(),
+            "codex should not use registry provider"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn openai_codex_model_env_resolution() {
+        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        clear_openai_codex_env();
+        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
+        unsafe {
+            std::env::set_var("OPENAI_CODEX_MODEL", "o3-pro");
+        }
+
+        let settings = Settings {
+            llm_backend: Some("openai_codex".to_string()),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+
+        let cfg = LlmConfig::resolve(&settings).expect("resolve should succeed");
+        let codex = cfg.openai_codex.expect("codex config should be present");
+        assert_eq!(codex.model, "o3-pro");
+
+        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
+        unsafe {
+            std::env::remove_var("OPENAI_CODEX_MODEL");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn openai_codex_falls_back_to_openai_model() {
+        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        clear_openai_codex_env();
+        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
+        unsafe {
+            std::env::set_var("OPENAI_MODEL", "gpt-4o");
+        }
+
+        let settings = Settings {
+            llm_backend: Some("openai_codex".to_string()),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+
+        let cfg = LlmConfig::resolve(&settings).expect("resolve should succeed");
+        let codex = cfg.openai_codex.expect("codex config should be present");
+        assert_eq!(codex.model, "gpt-4o");
+
+        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
+        unsafe {
+            std::env::remove_var("OPENAI_MODEL");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn openai_codex_falls_back_to_selected_model() {
+        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        clear_openai_codex_env();
+
+        let settings = Settings {
+            llm_backend: Some("openai_codex".to_string()),
+            selected_model: Some("gpt-4o-mini".to_string()),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+
+        let cfg = LlmConfig::resolve(&settings).expect("resolve should succeed");
+        let codex = cfg.openai_codex.expect("codex config should be present");
+        assert_eq!(codex.model, "gpt-4o-mini");
+    }
+
+    /// Regression: SSRF validation on OPENAI_CODEX_API_URL (#1103).
+    #[test]
+    fn openai_codex_rejects_ssrf_api_url() {
+        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        clear_openai_codex_env();
+        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
+        unsafe {
+            std::env::set_var(
+                "OPENAI_CODEX_API_URL",
+                "http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data",
+            );
+        }
+
+        let settings = Settings {
+            llm_backend: Some("openai_codex".to_string()),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+
+        let err = LlmConfig::resolve(&settings).unwrap_err();
+        let msg = err.to_string();
+        assert!(
+            msg.contains("OPENAI_CODEX_API_URL"),
+            "error should reference the field name: {msg}"
+        );
+
+        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
+        unsafe {
+            std::env::remove_var("OPENAI_CODEX_API_URL");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Regression: SSRF validation on OPENAI_CODEX_AUTH_URL (#1103).
+    #[test]
+    fn openai_codex_rejects_ssrf_auth_url() {
+        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        clear_openai_codex_env();
+        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
+        unsafe {
+            std::env::set_var("OPENAI_CODEX_AUTH_URL", "http://10.0.0.1");
+        }
+
+        let settings = Settings {
+            llm_backend: Some("openai_codex".to_string()),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+
+        let err = LlmConfig::resolve(&settings).unwrap_err();
+        let msg = err.to_string();
+        assert!(
+            msg.contains("OPENAI_CODEX_AUTH_URL"),
+            "error should reference the field name: {msg}"
+        );
+
+        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
+        unsafe {
+            std::env::remove_var("OPENAI_CODEX_AUTH_URL");
+        }
+    }
 }

src/config/mod.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ mod agent;
 mod builder;
 mod channels;
 mod database;
-mod embeddings;
+pub(crate) mod embeddings;
 mod heartbeat;
 pub(crate) mod helpers;
 mod hygiene;
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ mod skills;
 mod transcription;
 mod tunnel;
 mod wasm;
+mod workspace;
 
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::sync::{LazyLock, Mutex, Once};
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ pub use self::channels::{
     ChannelsConfig, CliConfig, DEFAULT_GATEWAY_PORT, GatewayConfig, HttpConfig, SignalConfig,
 };
 pub use self::database::{DatabaseBackend, DatabaseConfig, SslMode, default_libsql_path};
-pub use self::embeddings::EmbeddingsConfig;
+pub use self::embeddings::{DEFAULT_EMBEDDING_CACHE_SIZE, EmbeddingsConfig};
 pub use self::heartbeat::HeartbeatConfig;
 pub use self::hygiene::HygieneConfig;
 pub use self::llm::default_session_path;
@@ -53,8 +54,9 @@ pub use self::skills::SkillsConfig;
 pub use self::transcription::TranscriptionConfig;
 pub use self::tunnel::TunnelConfig;
 pub use self::wasm::WasmConfig;
+pub use self::workspace::WorkspaceConfig;
 pub use crate::llm::config::{
-    BedrockConfig, CacheRetention, LlmConfig, NearAiConfig, OAUTH_PLACEHOLDER,
+    BedrockConfig, CacheRetention, LlmConfig, NearAiConfig, OAUTH_PLACEHOLDER, OpenAiCodexConfig,
     RegistryProviderConfig,
 };
 pub use crate::llm::session::SessionConfig;
@@ -98,6 +100,7 @@ pub struct Config {
     pub skills: SkillsConfig,
     pub transcription: TranscriptionConfig,
     pub search: WorkspaceSearchConfig,
+    pub workspace: WorkspaceConfig,
     pub observability: crate::observability::ObservabilityConfig,
     /// Channel-relay integration (Slack via external relay service).
     /// Present only when both `CHANNEL_RELAY_URL` and `CHANNEL_RELAY_API_KEY` are set.
@@ -175,6 +178,9 @@ impl Config {
             },
             transcription: TranscriptionConfig::default(),
             search: WorkspaceSearchConfig::default(),
+            workspace: WorkspaceConfig {
+                memory_layers: vec![],
+            },
             observability: crate::observability::ObservabilityConfig::default(),
             relay: None,
         }
@@ -305,13 +311,21 @@ impl Config {
     async fn build(settings: &Settings) -> Result<Self, ConfigError> {
         let owner_id = resolve_owner_id(settings)?;
 
+        let tunnel = TunnelConfig::resolve(settings)?;
+        let channels = ChannelsConfig::resolve(settings, &owner_id)?;
+        let workspace_user_id = channels
+            .gateway
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(|gw| gw.user_id.clone())
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| "default".to_string());
+
         Ok(Self {
             owner_id: owner_id.clone(),
             database: DatabaseConfig::resolve()?,
             llm: LlmConfig::resolve(settings)?,
             embeddings: EmbeddingsConfig::resolve(settings)?,
-            tunnel: TunnelConfig::resolve(settings)?,
-            channels: ChannelsConfig::resolve(settings, &owner_id)?,
+            tunnel,
+            channels,
             agent: AgentConfig::resolve(settings)?,
             safety: resolve_safety_config(settings)?,
             wasm: WasmConfig::resolve(settings)?,
@@ -325,6 +339,7 @@ impl Config {
             skills: SkillsConfig::resolve()?,
             transcription: TranscriptionConfig::resolve(settings)?,
             search: WorkspaceSearchConfig::resolve()?,
+            workspace: WorkspaceConfig::resolve(&workspace_user_id)?,
             observability: crate::observability::ObservabilityConfig {
                 backend: std::env::var("OBSERVABILITY_BACKEND").unwrap_or_else(|_| "none".into()),
             },
@@ -377,7 +392,7 @@ pub(crate) fn resolve_owner_id(settings: &Settings) -> Result<String, ConfigErro
 /// are read by `optional_env()` before falling back to `std::env::var()`,
 /// so explicit env vars always win.
 ///
-/// Also loads tokens from OS credential stores (macOS Keychain, Linux
+/// Also loads tokens from OS credential stores (macOS Keychain / Linux
 /// credentials files) which don't require the secrets DB.
 pub async fn inject_llm_keys_from_secrets(
     secrets: &dyn crate::secrets::SecretsStore,

src/config/relay.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use secrecy::SecretString;
 pub struct RelayConfig {
     /// Base URL of the channel-relay service (e.g., `http://localhost:3001`).
     pub url: String,
-    /// API key for authenticated channel-relay endpoints.
+    /// Bearer token for authenticated channel-relay endpoints (`sk-agent-*`).
     pub api_key: SecretString,
     /// Override for the OAuth callback URL (e.g., a tunnel URL).
     pub callback_url: Option<String>,
@@ -15,12 +15,8 @@ pub struct RelayConfig {
     pub instance_id: Option<String>,
     /// HTTP request timeout in seconds (default: 30).
     pub request_timeout_secs: u64,
-    /// SSE stream long-poll timeout in seconds (default: 86400 = 24 h).
-    pub stream_timeout_secs: u64,
-    /// Initial exponential backoff in milliseconds (default: 1000).
-    pub backoff_initial_ms: u64,
-    /// Maximum exponential backoff in milliseconds (default: 60000).
-    pub backoff_max_ms: u64,
+    /// Path for the webhook callback endpoint (default: `/relay/events`).
+    pub webhook_path: String,
 }
 
 impl std::fmt::Debug for RelayConfig {
@@ -31,9 +27,7 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for RelayConfig {
             .field("callback_url", &self.callback_url)
             .field("instance_id", &self.instance_id)
             .field("request_timeout_secs", &self.request_timeout_secs)
-            .field("stream_timeout_secs", &self.stream_timeout_secs)
-            .field("backoff_initial_ms", &self.backoff_initial_ms)
-            .field("backoff_max_ms", &self.backoff_max_ms)
+            .field("webhook_path", &self.webhook_path)
             .finish()
     }
 }
@@ -41,8 +35,10 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for RelayConfig {
 impl RelayConfig {
     /// Load relay config from environment variables.
     ///
-    /// Returns `None` if either `CHANNEL_RELAY_URL` or `CHANNEL_RELAY_API_KEY`
-    /// is not set, making the relay integration opt-in.
+    /// Returns `None` if either of the required env vars (`CHANNEL_RELAY_URL`,
+    /// `CHANNEL_RELAY_API_KEY`) is not set, making the relay integration opt-in.
+    /// The signing secret is fetched from channel-relay at activation time via
+    /// the authenticated `/relay/signing-secret` endpoint — no env var required.
     pub fn from_env() -> Option<Self> {
         Self::from_env_reader(|key| std::env::var(key).ok())
     }
@@ -55,9 +51,7 @@ impl RelayConfig {
             callback_url: None,
             instance_id: None,
             request_timeout_secs: 30,
-            stream_timeout_secs: 86400,
-            backoff_initial_ms: 1000,
-            backoff_max_ms: 60000,
+            webhook_path: "/relay/events".into(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -73,15 +67,7 @@ impl RelayConfig {
             request_timeout_secs: env("RELAY_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_SECS")
                 .and_then(|v| v.parse().ok())
                 .unwrap_or(30),
-            stream_timeout_secs: env("RELAY_STREAM_TIMEOUT_SECS")
-                .and_then(|v| v.parse().ok())
-                .unwrap_or(86400),
-            backoff_initial_ms: env("RELAY_BACKOFF_INITIAL_MS")
-                .and_then(|v| v.parse().ok())
-                .unwrap_or(1000),
-            backoff_max_ms: env("RELAY_BACKOFF_MAX_MS")
-                .and_then(|v| v.parse().ok())
-                .unwrap_or(60000),
+            webhook_path: env("RELAY_WEBHOOK_PATH").unwrap_or_else(|| "/relay/events".into()),
         })
     }
 }
@@ -97,7 +83,21 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn from_env_reader_loads_defaults() {
+    fn from_env_reader_requires_only_url_and_api_key() {
+        // Signing secret is fetched at activation time — only URL + API key needed.
+        let config = RelayConfig::from_env_reader(|key| match key {
+            "CHANNEL_RELAY_URL" => Some("http://localhost:3001".into()),
+            "CHANNEL_RELAY_API_KEY" => Some("test-key".into()),
+            _ => None,
+        });
+        assert!(
+            config.is_some(),
+            "relay config should load with just URL + API key"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn from_env_reader_loads_all_required() {
         let config = RelayConfig::from_env_reader(|key| match key {
             "CHANNEL_RELAY_URL" => Some("http://localhost:3001".into()),
             "CHANNEL_RELAY_API_KEY" => Some("test-key".into()),
@@ -107,9 +107,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         assert_eq!(config.url, "http://localhost:3001");
         assert_eq!(config.request_timeout_secs, 30);
-        assert_eq!(config.stream_timeout_secs, 86400);
-        assert_eq!(config.backoff_initial_ms, 1000);
-        assert_eq!(config.backoff_max_ms, 60000);
+        assert_eq!(config.webhook_path, "/relay/events");
         assert!(config.callback_url.is_none());
         assert!(config.instance_id.is_none());
     }
@@ -122,9 +120,7 @@ mod tests {
             "IRONCLAW_OAUTH_CALLBACK_URL" => Some("https://tunnel.example.com".into()),
             "IRONCLAW_INSTANCE_ID" => Some("my-instance".into()),
             "RELAY_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_SECS" => Some("60".into()),
-            "RELAY_STREAM_TIMEOUT_SECS" => Some("43200".into()),
-            "RELAY_BACKOFF_INITIAL_MS" => Some("2000".into()),
-            "RELAY_BACKOFF_MAX_MS" => Some("120000".into()),
+            "RELAY_WEBHOOK_PATH" => Some("/custom/events".into()),
             _ => None,
         })
         .expect("config should be Some");
@@ -135,9 +131,7 @@ mod tests {
         );
         assert_eq!(config.instance_id.as_deref(), Some("my-instance"));
         assert_eq!(config.request_timeout_secs, 60);
-        assert_eq!(config.stream_timeout_secs, 43200);
-        assert_eq!(config.backoff_initial_ms, 2000);
-        assert_eq!(config.backoff_max_ms, 120000);
+        assert_eq!(config.webhook_path, "/custom/events");
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -148,7 +142,7 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn debug_redacts_api_key() {
+    fn debug_redacts_secrets() {
         let config = RelayConfig::from_values("http://localhost:3001", "super-secret");
         let debug = format!("{:?}", config);
         assert!(debug.contains("[REDACTED]"));

src/config/transcription.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use secrecy::SecretString;
 
-use crate::config::helpers::{optional_env, parse_bool_env};
+use crate::config::helpers::{optional_env, parse_bool_env, validate_base_url};
 use crate::error::ConfigError;
 use crate::settings::Settings;
 
@@ -60,6 +60,11 @@ impl TranscriptionConfig {
 
         let base_url = optional_env("TRANSCRIPTION_BASE_URL")?;
 
+        // Validate base URL to prevent SSRF (#1103).
+        if let Some(ref url) = base_url {
+            validate_base_url(url, "TRANSCRIPTION_BASE_URL")?;
+        }
+
         Ok(Self {
             enabled,
             provider,

src/config/workspace.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+use crate::config::helpers::optional_env;
+use crate::error::ConfigError;
+use crate::workspace::layer::MemoryLayer;
+
+/// Workspace memory configuration.
+///
+/// Controls memory layer definitions for privacy-aware writes.
+/// Layers are parsed from the `MEMORY_LAYERS` env var (JSON array)
+/// or default to a single private layer scoped to the gateway user.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct WorkspaceConfig {
+    pub memory_layers: Vec<MemoryLayer>,
+}
+
+impl WorkspaceConfig {
+    pub(crate) fn resolve(user_id: &str) -> Result<Self, ConfigError> {
+        let memory_layers: Vec<MemoryLayer> = match optional_env("MEMORY_LAYERS")? {
+            Some(json_str) => {
+                serde_json::from_str(&json_str).map_err(|e| ConfigError::InvalidValue {
+                    key: "MEMORY_LAYERS".to_string(),
+                    message: format!("must be valid JSON array of layer objects: {e}"),
+                })?
+            }
+            None => MemoryLayer::default_for_user(user_id),
+        };
+
+        // Validate layer names and scopes
+        for layer in &memory_layers {
+            if layer.name.trim().is_empty() {
+                return Err(ConfigError::InvalidValue {
+                    key: "MEMORY_LAYERS".to_string(),
+                    message: "layer name must not be empty".to_string(),
+                });
+            }
+            if layer.name.len() > 64 {
+                return Err(ConfigError::InvalidValue {
+                    key: "MEMORY_LAYERS".to_string(),
+                    message: format!("layer name '{}' exceeds 64 characters", layer.name),
+                });
+            }
+            if !layer
+                .name
+                .chars()
+                .all(|c| c.is_alphanumeric() || c == '_' || c == '-')
+            {
+                return Err(ConfigError::InvalidValue {
+                    key: "MEMORY_LAYERS".to_string(),
+                    message: format!(
+                        "layer name '{}' contains invalid characters (only alphanumeric, _, - allowed)",
+                        layer.name
+                    ),
+                });
+            }
+            if layer.scope.trim().is_empty() {
+                return Err(ConfigError::InvalidValue {
+                    key: "MEMORY_LAYERS".to_string(),
+                    message: format!("layer '{}' has an empty scope", layer.name),
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Check for duplicate layer names
+        {
+            let mut seen = std::collections::HashSet::new();
+            for layer in &memory_layers {
+                if !seen.insert(&layer.name) {
+                    return Err(ConfigError::InvalidValue {
+                        key: "MEMORY_LAYERS".to_string(),
+                        message: format!("duplicate layer name '{}'", layer.name),
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(Self { memory_layers })
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use std::sync::Mutex;
+
+    // Serialize env-var-dependent tests to avoid races.
+    static ENV_LOCK: Mutex<()> = Mutex::new(());
+
+    fn with_env(key: &str, val: Option<&str>, f: impl FnOnce()) {
+        let _guard = ENV_LOCK.lock().unwrap();
+        let prev = std::env::var(key).ok();
+        match val {
+            Some(v) => unsafe { std::env::set_var(key, v) },
+            None => unsafe { std::env::remove_var(key) },
+        }
+        f();
+        match prev {
+            Some(v) => unsafe { std::env::set_var(key, v) },
+            None => unsafe { std::env::remove_var(key) },
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn valid_json_parses_correctly() {
+        let json = r#"[{"name":"private","scope":"alice","writable":true,"sensitivity":"private"},{"name":"shared","scope":"shared","writable":true,"sensitivity":"shared"}]"#;
+        with_env("MEMORY_LAYERS", Some(json), || {
+            let config = WorkspaceConfig::resolve("alice").expect("should parse");
+            assert_eq!(config.memory_layers.len(), 2);
+            assert_eq!(config.memory_layers[0].name, "private");
+            assert_eq!(config.memory_layers[1].name, "shared");
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn invalid_json_returns_error() {
+        with_env("MEMORY_LAYERS", Some("not json"), || {
+            let result = WorkspaceConfig::resolve("alice");
+            assert!(result.is_err(), "invalid JSON should fail");
+            let err = result.unwrap_err().to_string();
+            assert!(
+                err.contains("valid JSON"),
+                "error should mention JSON: {err}"
+            );
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn empty_layer_name_returns_error() {
+        let json = r#"[{"name":"","scope":"alice"}]"#;
+        with_env("MEMORY_LAYERS", Some(json), || {
+            let result = WorkspaceConfig::resolve("alice");
+            assert!(result.is_err(), "empty layer name should fail");
+            let err = result.unwrap_err().to_string();
+            assert!(err.contains("empty"), "error should mention empty: {err}");
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn layer_name_exceeding_64_chars_returns_error() {
+        let long_name = "a".repeat(65);
+        let json = format!(r#"[{{"name":"{long_name}","scope":"alice"}}]"#);
+        with_env("MEMORY_LAYERS", Some(&json), || {
+            let result = WorkspaceConfig::resolve("alice");
+            assert!(result.is_err(), "long layer name should fail");
+            let err = result.unwrap_err().to_string();
+            assert!(
+                err.contains("exceeds 64"),
+                "error should mention 64 chars: {err}"
+            );
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn layer_name_with_invalid_chars_returns_error() {
+        for bad_name in ["has space", "has@at", "has.dot", "has/slash"] {
+            let json = format!(r#"[{{"name":"{bad_name}","scope":"alice"}}]"#);
+            with_env("MEMORY_LAYERS", Some(&json), || {
+                let result = WorkspaceConfig::resolve("alice");
+                assert!(
+                    result.is_err(),
+                    "layer name '{bad_name}' should fail validation"
+                );
+                let err = result.unwrap_err().to_string();
+                assert!(
+                    err.contains("invalid characters"),
+                    "error for '{bad_name}' should mention invalid characters: {err}"
+                );
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn empty_scope_returns_error() {
+        let json = r#"[{"name":"private","scope":""}]"#;
+        with_env("MEMORY_LAYERS", Some(json), || {
+            let result = WorkspaceConfig::resolve("alice");
+            assert!(result.is_err(), "empty scope should fail");
+            let err = result.unwrap_err().to_string();
+            assert!(
+                err.contains("empty scope"),
+                "error should mention empty scope: {err}"
+            );
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn duplicate_layer_names_returns_error() {
+        let json = r#"[{"name":"private","scope":"alice"},{"name":"private","scope":"bob"}]"#;
+        with_env("MEMORY_LAYERS", Some(json), || {
+            let result = WorkspaceConfig::resolve("alice");
+            assert!(result.is_err(), "duplicate names should fail");
+            let err = result.unwrap_err().to_string();
+            assert!(
+                err.contains("duplicate"),
+                "error should mention duplicate: {err}"
+            );
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn missing_env_defaults_to_single_private_layer() {
+        with_env("MEMORY_LAYERS", None, || {
+            let config = WorkspaceConfig::resolve("alice").expect("should default");
+            assert_eq!(config.memory_layers.len(), 1);
+            assert_eq!(config.memory_layers[0].name, "private");
+            assert_eq!(config.memory_layers[0].scope, "alice");
+            assert!(config.memory_layers[0].writable);
+        });
+    }
+}

src/context/fallback.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+//! Structured fallback deliverables for failed or stuck jobs.
+//!
+//! When a job fails or is detected as stuck, a [`FallbackDeliverable`] captures
+//! what was accomplished before the failure: partial results, action statistics,
+//! cost, and timing. This gives users visibility into terminal jobs instead of
+//! just an error string.
+//!
+//! Fallback deliverables are stored in `JobContext.metadata["fallback_deliverable"]`
+//! and surfaced through the `job_status` tool.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+use crate::context::memory::Memory;
+use crate::context::state::JobContext;
+
+/// Structured summary of a failed or stuck job.
+///
+/// Stored in `JobContext.metadata["fallback_deliverable"]` when a job fails
+/// or is marked stuck. Surfaced through the `job_status` tool.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct FallbackDeliverable {
+    /// True if at least one action succeeded before failure.
+    pub partial: bool,
+    /// Why the job failed.
+    pub failure_reason: String,
+    /// Last action taken before failure.
+    pub last_action: Option<LastAction>,
+    /// Aggregate action statistics.
+    pub action_stats: ActionStats,
+    /// Total tokens consumed.
+    pub tokens_used: u64,
+    /// Total cost incurred (decimal as string for JSON safety).
+    pub cost: String,
+    /// Wall-clock elapsed time in seconds.
+    pub elapsed_secs: f64,
+    /// Number of self-repair attempts.
+    pub repair_attempts: u32,
+}
+
+/// Summary of the last action taken before failure.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct LastAction {
+    pub tool_name: String,
+    /// Truncated to 200 bytes (UTF-8 safe).
+    pub output_preview: String,
+    pub success: bool,
+}
+
+/// Aggregate action counts.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct ActionStats {
+    pub total: u32,
+    pub successful: u32,
+    pub failed: u32,
+}
+
+impl FallbackDeliverable {
+    /// Build a fallback deliverable from a job context and its memory.
+    pub fn build(ctx: &JobContext, memory: &Memory, reason: &str) -> Self {
+        let successful = memory.successful_actions() as u32;
+        let failed = memory.failed_actions() as u32;
+        let total = memory.actions.len() as u32;
+
+        let last_action = memory.last_action().map(|a| {
+            // Use sanitized output to avoid leaking secrets through the fallback API surface.
+            // For failed actions (no sanitized output), fall back to the error message.
+            // Borrow the string slice directly when possible to avoid cloning
+            // potentially large outputs just for truncation.
+            let owned_fallback;
+            let preview_str: &str = if let Some(v) = a.output_sanitized.as_ref() {
+                match v {
+                    serde_json::Value::String(s) => s.as_str(),
+                    other => {
+                        owned_fallback = serde_json::to_string(other).unwrap_or_default();
+                        &owned_fallback
+                    }
+                }
+            } else if let Some(ref err) = a.error {
+                err.as_str()
+            } else {
+                ""
+            };
+            let preview = truncate_str(preview_str, 200);
+            LastAction {
+                tool_name: a.tool_name.clone(),
+                output_preview: preview.to_string(),
+                success: a.success,
+            }
+        });
+
+        let elapsed_secs = ctx.elapsed().map_or(0.0, |d| d.as_secs_f64());
+
+        Self {
+            partial: successful > 0,
+            failure_reason: truncate_str(reason, 1000).to_string(),
+            last_action,
+            action_stats: ActionStats {
+                total,
+                successful,
+                failed,
+            },
+            tokens_used: ctx.total_tokens_used,
+            cost: ctx.actual_cost.to_string(),
+            elapsed_secs,
+            repair_attempts: ctx.repair_attempts,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Truncate a string to at most `max_len` bytes on a char boundary.
+fn truncate_str(s: &str, max_len: usize) -> &str {
+    &s[..crate::util::floor_char_boundary(s, max_len)]
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::context::memory::Memory;
+    use crate::context::state::JobContext;
+    use chrono::{Duration, Utc};
+    use rust_decimal::Decimal;
+    use std::time::Duration as StdDuration;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_fallback_zero_actions() {
+        let ctx = JobContext::new("Test", "Empty job");
+        let memory = Memory::new(ctx.job_id);
+
+        let fb = FallbackDeliverable::build(&ctx, &memory, "timed out");
+
+        assert!(!fb.partial); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(fb.failure_reason, "timed out"); // safety: test
+        assert!(fb.last_action.is_none()); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(fb.action_stats.total, 0); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(fb.action_stats.successful, 0); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(fb.action_stats.failed, 0); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(fb.tokens_used, 0); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(fb.cost, "0"); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(fb.repair_attempts, 0); // safety: test
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_fallback_mixed_actions() {
+        let mut ctx = JobContext::new("Test", "Mixed job");
+        ctx.total_tokens_used = 5000;
+        ctx.actual_cost = Decimal::new(42, 2); // 0.42
+        ctx.repair_attempts = 1;
+
+        let mut memory = Memory::new(ctx.job_id);
+
+        // 3 successes
+        for _ in 0..3 {
+            let action = memory
+                .create_action("tool_a", serde_json::json!({}))
+                .succeed(
+                    Some("output".to_string()),
+                    serde_json::json!({}),
+                    StdDuration::from_secs(1),
+                );
+            memory.record_action(action);
+        }
+        // 2 failures
+        for _ in 0..2 {
+            let action = memory
+                .create_action("tool_b", serde_json::json!({}))
+                .fail("broke", StdDuration::from_secs(1));
+            memory.record_action(action);
+        }
+
+        let fb = FallbackDeliverable::build(&ctx, &memory, "max iterations");
+
+        assert!(fb.partial); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(fb.action_stats.total, 5); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(fb.action_stats.successful, 3); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(fb.action_stats.failed, 2); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(fb.tokens_used, 5000); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(fb.cost, "0.42"); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(fb.repair_attempts, 1); // safety: test
+        assert!(fb.last_action.is_some()); // safety: test
+        let la = fb.last_action.unwrap(); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(la.tool_name, "tool_b"); // safety: test
+        assert!(!la.success); // safety: test
+        // Failed actions should surface the error message as the output preview
+        assert_eq!(la.output_preview, "broke"); // safety: test
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_fallback_failed_action_shows_error() {
+        let ctx = JobContext::new("Test", "Error preview");
+        let mut memory = Memory::new(ctx.job_id);
+
+        let action = memory
+            .create_action("broken_tool", serde_json::json!({}))
+            .fail("connection timed out after 30s", StdDuration::from_secs(30));
+        memory.record_action(action);
+
+        let fb = FallbackDeliverable::build(&ctx, &memory, "tool failure");
+        let la = fb.last_action.unwrap(); // safety: test
+        assert!(!la.success); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(la.output_preview, "connection timed out after 30s"); // safety: test
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_fallback_last_action_truncation() {
+        let ctx = JobContext::new("Test", "Truncation");
+        let mut memory = Memory::new(ctx.job_id);
+
+        let long_output = "x".repeat(500);
+        let action = memory
+            .create_action("tool_c", serde_json::json!({}))
+            .succeed(
+                Some(long_output.clone()),
+                serde_json::Value::String(long_output),
+                StdDuration::from_secs(1),
+            );
+        memory.record_action(action);
+
+        let fb = FallbackDeliverable::build(&ctx, &memory, "failed");
+        let la = fb.last_action.unwrap(); // safety: test
+        assert!(la.output_preview.len() <= 200); // safety: test
+        assert!(!la.output_preview.is_empty()); // safety: test
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_fallback_uses_sanitized_output() {
+        let ctx = JobContext::new("Test", "Sanitized");
+        let mut memory = Memory::new(ctx.job_id);
+
+        let action = memory
+            .create_action("tool_d", serde_json::json!({}))
+            .succeed(
+                Some("[REDACTED]".to_string()),
+                serde_json::json!({"api_key": "sk-secret-key-12345"}),
+                StdDuration::from_secs(1),
+            );
+        memory.record_action(action);
+
+        let fb = FallbackDeliverable::build(&ctx, &memory, "failed");
+        let la = fb.last_action.unwrap(); // safety: test
+        // Must use sanitized output, not raw
+        assert!(!la.output_preview.contains("sk-secret")); // safety: test
+        assert!(la.output_preview.contains("REDACTED")); // safety: test
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_fallback_elapsed_time() {
+        let mut ctx = JobContext::new("Test", "Timing");
+        let now = Utc::now();
+        ctx.started_at = Some(now - Duration::seconds(10));
+        ctx.completed_at = Some(now);
+
+        let memory = Memory::new(ctx.job_id);
+        let fb = FallbackDeliverable::build(&ctx, &memory, "failed");
+
+        // Should be approximately 10 seconds
+        assert!((fb.elapsed_secs - 10.0).abs() < 0.1); // safety: test
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_fallback_no_started_at() {
+        let ctx = JobContext::new("Test", "Never started");
+        let memory = Memory::new(ctx.job_id);
+
+        let fb = FallbackDeliverable::build(&ctx, &memory, "failed");
+        assert!((fb.elapsed_secs - 0.0).abs() < 0.001); // safety: test
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_fallback_elapsed_time_no_completed_at() {
+        let mut ctx = JobContext::new("Test", "Still running");
+        ctx.started_at = Some(Utc::now() - Duration::seconds(5));
+        // completed_at is None — should use Utc::now() as fallback
+
+        let memory = Memory::new(ctx.job_id);
+        let fb = FallbackDeliverable::build(&ctx, &memory, "stuck");
+
+        // Should be approximately 5 seconds (using now as end time)
+        assert!(fb.elapsed_secs >= 4.0 && fb.elapsed_secs <= 7.0); // safety: test
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_fallback_failure_reason_truncation() {
+        let ctx = JobContext::new("Test", "Long reason");
+        let memory = Memory::new(ctx.job_id);
+
+        let long_reason = "x".repeat(5000);
+        let fb = FallbackDeliverable::build(&ctx, &memory, &long_reason);
+
+        assert!(fb.failure_reason.len() <= 1000); // safety: test
+        assert!(!fb.failure_reason.is_empty()); // safety: test
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_truncate_str_ascii() {
+        assert_eq!(truncate_str("hello", 10), "hello"); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(truncate_str("hello world", 5), "hello"); // safety: test
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_truncate_str_unicode() {
+        // "é" is 2 bytes in UTF-8
+        let s = "café";
+        assert_eq!(truncate_str(s, 10), "café"); // safety: test
+        // Truncating at 4 would split "é", should back up to 3
+        assert_eq!(truncate_str(s, 4), "caf"); // safety: test
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_fallback_serialization() {
+        let ctx = JobContext::new("Test", "Serialize");
+        let memory = Memory::new(ctx.job_id);
+        let fb = FallbackDeliverable::build(&ctx, &memory, "test error");
+
+        // Should serialize to JSON and back without error
+        let json = serde_json::to_value(&fb).unwrap(); // safety: test
+        let deserialized: FallbackDeliverable = serde_json::from_value(json).unwrap(); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(deserialized.failure_reason, "test error"); // safety: test
+    }
+}

src/context/manager.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 //! Context manager for handling multiple job contexts.
 
 use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::time::Duration;
 
 use tokio::sync::RwLock;
 use uuid::Uuid;
 
-use crate::context::{JobContext, Memory};
+use crate::context::{JobContext, JobState, Memory};
 use crate::error::JobError;
 
 /// Manages contexts for multiple concurrent jobs.
@@ -45,12 +46,41 @@ impl ContextManager {
         title: impl Into<String>,
         description: impl Into<String>,
     ) -> Result<Uuid, JobError> {
-        // Hold write lock for the entire check-insert to prevent TOCTOU races
-        // where two concurrent calls both pass the parallel_count check.
+        let context = JobContext::with_user(user_id, title, description);
+        let job_id = context.job_id;
+        self.insert_context(context).await?;
+        Ok(job_id)
+    }
+
+    /// Register a sandbox job with a pre-determined ID.
+    ///
+    /// Unlike `create_job_for_user` (which generates its own UUID), this method
+    /// accepts an existing `job_id` — used by `execute_sandbox()` which creates
+    /// the UUID before the container so it can be shared with Docker labels and
+    /// DB persistence.
+    ///
+    /// The job starts in `InProgress` state since the container is about to be
+    /// created. Counts against `max_jobs` like any other job.
+    pub async fn register_sandbox_job(
+        &self,
+        job_id: Uuid,
+        user_id: impl Into<String>,
+        title: impl Into<String>,
+        description: impl Into<String>,
+    ) -> Result<(), JobError> {
+        let mut context = JobContext::with_user(user_id, title, description);
+        context.job_id = job_id;
+        context.state = JobState::InProgress;
+        context.started_at = Some(chrono::Utc::now());
+        self.insert_context(context).await
+    }
+
+    /// Check max_jobs limit, insert context, and allocate memory.
+    ///
+    /// Holds the write lock for the entire check-insert to prevent TOCTOU
+    /// races where two concurrent calls both pass the parallel_count check.
+    async fn insert_context(&self, context: JobContext) -> Result<(), JobError> {
         let mut contexts = self.contexts.write().await;
-        // Only count jobs that consume execution slots (Pending, InProgress, Stuck).
-        // Completed and Submitted jobs are no longer actively executing and shouldn't
-        // block new job creation.
         let parallel_count = contexts
             .values()
             .filter(|c| c.state.is_parallel_blocking())
@@ -60,15 +90,16 @@ impl ContextManager {
             return Err(JobError::MaxJobsExceeded { max: self.max_jobs });
         }
 
-        let context = JobContext::with_user(user_id, title, description);
         let job_id = context.job_id;
         contexts.insert(job_id, context);
         drop(contexts);
 
-        let memory = Memory::new(job_id);
-        self.memories.write().await.insert(job_id, memory);
+        self.memories
+            .write()
+            .await
+            .insert(job_id, Memory::new(job_id));
 
-        Ok(job_id)
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     /// Get a job context by ID.
@@ -205,12 +236,46 @@ impl ContextManager {
     }
 
     /// Find stuck jobs.
+    ///
+    /// Returns jobs that are explicitly in `Stuck` state, plus `InProgress`
+    /// jobs that have been running longer than `elapsed_threshold` (if provided).
+    /// The threshold-based detection catches jobs that never transitioned to
+    /// `Stuck` (e.g., due to a deadlock or unhandled timeout).
     pub async fn find_stuck_jobs(&self) -> Vec<Uuid> {
+        self.find_stuck_jobs_with_threshold(None).await
+    }
+
+    /// Find stuck jobs with an optional elapsed threshold for `InProgress` detection.
+    pub async fn find_stuck_jobs_with_threshold(
+        &self,
+        elapsed_threshold: Option<Duration>,
+    ) -> Vec<Uuid> {
+        let now = chrono::Utc::now();
         self.contexts
             .read()
             .await
             .iter()
-            .filter(|(_, c)| c.state == crate::context::JobState::Stuck)
+            .filter(|(_, c)| {
+                // Always include explicitly Stuck jobs.
+                if c.state == crate::context::JobState::Stuck {
+                    return true;
+                }
+                // Detect InProgress jobs that have been running beyond the elapsed threshold.
+                // NOTE: `started_at` is set on the first transition to InProgress and is
+                // NOT reset when a job recovers from Stuck back to InProgress. This means
+                // a recovered job may be re-detected on the next scan. A future improvement
+                // could track `in_progress_since` or use the most recent StateTransition
+                // with `to == InProgress` to avoid false positives on recovered jobs.
+                if c.state == crate::context::JobState::InProgress
+                    && let Some(threshold) = elapsed_threshold
+                    && let Some(started) = c.started_at
+                {
+                    let elapsed = now.signed_duration_since(started);
+                    let elapsed_secs = elapsed.num_seconds().max(0) as u64;
+                    return elapsed_secs > threshold.as_secs();
+                }
+                false
+            })
             .map(|(id, _)| *id)
             .collect()
     }
@@ -629,6 +694,48 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(stuck[0], id2);
     }
 
+    /// Regression test for #1223: InProgress jobs exceeding the threshold
+    /// should be detected as stuck even if they never transitioned to Stuck.
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn find_stuck_jobs_with_threshold_detects_idle_in_progress() {
+        let manager = ContextManager::new(10);
+
+        let id1 = manager.create_job("Active job", "desc").await.unwrap();
+        let id2 = manager.create_job("Idle job", "desc").await.unwrap();
+
+        // Both transition to InProgress
+        for id in [id1, id2] {
+            manager
+                .update_context(id, |ctx| {
+                    ctx.transition_to(crate::context::JobState::InProgress, None)
+                })
+                .await
+                .unwrap()
+                .unwrap();
+        }
+
+        // Backdate id2's started_at to simulate a long-running job
+        manager
+            .update_context(id2, |ctx| -> Result<(), crate::error::JobError> {
+                ctx.started_at = Some(chrono::Utc::now() - chrono::Duration::seconds(600));
+                Ok(())
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap()
+            .unwrap();
+
+        // With a 5-minute threshold, only id2 (10 min) should be detected
+        let stuck = manager
+            .find_stuck_jobs_with_threshold(Some(Duration::from_secs(300)))
+            .await;
+        assert_eq!(stuck.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(stuck[0], id2);
+
+        // Without threshold, neither InProgress job is detected (no explicit Stuck state)
+        let stuck_no_threshold = manager.find_stuck_jobs().await;
+        assert!(stuck_no_threshold.is_empty());
+    }
+
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn active_count_tracks_non_terminal_jobs() {
         let manager = ContextManager::new(10);
@@ -1185,4 +1292,87 @@ mod tests {
             }
         }
     }
+
+    // === Regression: sandbox jobs must be visible to query tools ===
+    // Before the fix, execute_sandbox() only persisted to DB but never
+    // registered in ContextManager, making sandbox jobs invisible to
+    // list_jobs, job_status, job_events, and resolve_job_id.
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn register_sandbox_job_visible_to_queries() {
+        let manager = ContextManager::new(5);
+        let job_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+
+        manager
+            .register_sandbox_job(
+                job_id,
+                "user-42",
+                "Run tests",
+                "Execute test suite in sandbox",
+            )
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        // Job should be retrievable by ID (used by job_status, job_events)
+        let ctx = manager.get_context(job_id).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(ctx.job_id, job_id);
+        assert_eq!(ctx.user_id, "user-42");
+        assert_eq!(ctx.title, "Run tests");
+        assert_eq!(ctx.state, JobState::InProgress);
+        assert!(ctx.started_at.is_some());
+
+        // Job should appear in all_jobs (used by resolve_job_id prefix matching)
+        let all = manager.all_jobs().await;
+        assert!(all.contains(&job_id));
+
+        // Job should appear in user-scoped listing (used by list_jobs)
+        let user_jobs = manager.all_jobs_for("user-42").await;
+        assert!(user_jobs.contains(&job_id));
+
+        // Job should appear in active jobs listing
+        let active = manager.active_jobs_for("user-42").await;
+        assert!(active.contains(&job_id));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn register_sandbox_job_respects_max_jobs() {
+        let manager = ContextManager::new(2);
+
+        // Fill up the slots with sandbox jobs
+        manager
+            .register_sandbox_job(Uuid::new_v4(), "user-1", "Job 1", "desc")
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        manager
+            .register_sandbox_job(Uuid::new_v4(), "user-1", "Job 2", "desc")
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        // Third should fail
+        let result = manager
+            .register_sandbox_job(Uuid::new_v4(), "user-1", "Job 3", "desc")
+            .await;
+        assert!(matches!(result, Err(JobError::MaxJobsExceeded { max: 2 })));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn register_sandbox_job_transitions_correctly() {
+        let manager = ContextManager::new(5);
+        let job_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+
+        manager
+            .register_sandbox_job(job_id, "user-1", "Task", "desc")
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        // Should be able to transition InProgress -> Completed
+        manager
+            .update_context(job_id, |ctx| ctx.transition_to(JobState::Completed, None))
+            .await
+            .unwrap()
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let ctx = manager.get_context(job_id).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(ctx.state, JobState::Completed);
+    }
 }

src/context/memory.rs

@@ -58,15 +58,19 @@ impl ActionRecord {
     }
 
     /// Mark the action as successful.
+    ///
+    /// `output_sanitized` is the tool output after safety processing (string).
+    /// `output_raw` is the original tool result (JSON value, stored as a
+    /// pretty-printed JSON string in `ActionRecord.output_raw`).
     pub fn succeed(
         mut self,
-        output_raw: Option<String>,
-        output_sanitized: serde_json::Value,
+        output_sanitized: Option<String>,
+        output_raw: serde_json::Value,
         duration: Duration,
     ) -> Self {
         self.success = true;
-        self.output_raw = output_raw;
-        self.output_sanitized = Some(output_sanitized);
+        self.output_raw = Some(serde_json::to_string_pretty(&output_raw).unwrap_or_default());
+        self.output_sanitized = output_sanitized.map(serde_json::Value::String);
         self.duration = duration;
         self
     }
@@ -248,15 +252,15 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_action_record() {
         let action = ActionRecord::new(0, "test", serde_json::json!({"key": "value"}));
-        assert_eq!(action.sequence, 0);
-        assert!(!action.success);
+        assert_eq!(action.sequence, 0); // safety: test
+        assert!(!action.success); // safety: test
 
         let action = action.succeed(
             Some("raw".to_string()),
             serde_json::json!({"result": "ok"}),
             Duration::from_millis(100),
         );
-        assert!(action.success);
+        assert!(action.success); // safety: test
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -267,7 +271,7 @@ mod tests {
         memory.add(ChatMessage::user("How are you?"));
         memory.add(ChatMessage::assistant("Good!"));
 
-        assert_eq!(memory.len(), 3); // Oldest removed
+        assert_eq!(memory.len(), 3); // Oldest removed // safety: test
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -286,9 +290,9 @@ mod tests {
             .with_cost(Decimal::new(20, 1));
         memory.record_action(action2);
 
-        assert_eq!(memory.total_cost(), Decimal::new(30, 1));
-        assert_eq!(memory.total_duration(), Duration::from_secs(3));
-        assert_eq!(memory.successful_actions(), 2);
+        assert_eq!(memory.total_cost(), Decimal::new(30, 1)); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(memory.total_duration(), Duration::from_secs(3)); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(memory.successful_actions(), 2); // safety: test
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -296,11 +300,11 @@ mod tests {
         let action = ActionRecord::new(1, "broken_tool", serde_json::json!({"x": 1}));
         let action = action.fail("something went wrong", Duration::from_millis(50));
 
-        assert!(!action.success);
-        assert_eq!(action.error.as_deref(), Some("something went wrong"));
-        assert_eq!(action.duration, Duration::from_millis(50));
-        assert!(action.output_raw.is_none());
-        assert!(action.output_sanitized.is_none());
+        assert!(!action.success); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(action.error.as_deref(), Some("something went wrong")); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(action.duration, Duration::from_millis(50)); // safety: test
+        assert!(action.output_raw.is_none()); // safety: test
+        assert!(action.output_sanitized.is_none()); // safety: test
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -308,9 +312,9 @@ mod tests {
         let action = ActionRecord::new(0, "risky_tool", serde_json::json!({}));
         let action = action.with_warnings(vec!["suspicious pattern".into(), "possible xss".into()]);
 
-        assert_eq!(action.sanitization_warnings.len(), 2);
-        assert_eq!(action.sanitization_warnings[0], "suspicious pattern");
-        assert_eq!(action.sanitization_warnings[1], "possible xss");
+        assert_eq!(action.sanitization_warnings.len(), 2); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(action.sanitization_warnings[0], "suspicious pattern"); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(action.sanitization_warnings[1], "possible xss"); // safety: test
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -319,41 +323,46 @@ mod tests {
         let cost = Decimal::new(42, 2); // 0.42
         let action = action.with_cost(cost);
 
-        assert_eq!(action.cost, Some(Decimal::new(42, 2)));
+        assert_eq!(action.cost, Some(Decimal::new(42, 2))); // safety: test
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_action_record_new_defaults() {
         let action = ActionRecord::new(5, "my_tool", serde_json::json!({"key": "val"}));
 
-        assert_eq!(action.sequence, 5);
-        assert_eq!(action.tool_name, "my_tool");
-        assert_eq!(action.input, serde_json::json!({"key": "val"}));
-        assert!(!action.success);
-        assert!(action.output_raw.is_none());
-        assert!(action.output_sanitized.is_none());
-        assert!(action.sanitization_warnings.is_empty());
-        assert!(action.cost.is_none());
-        assert_eq!(action.duration, Duration::ZERO);
-        assert!(action.error.is_none());
+        assert_eq!(action.sequence, 5); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(action.tool_name, "my_tool"); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(action.input, serde_json::json!({"key": "val"})); // safety: test
+        assert!(!action.success); // safety: test
+        assert!(action.output_raw.is_none()); // safety: test
+        assert!(action.output_sanitized.is_none()); // safety: test
+        assert!(action.sanitization_warnings.is_empty()); // safety: test
+        assert!(action.cost.is_none()); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(action.duration, Duration::ZERO); // safety: test
+        assert!(action.error.is_none()); // safety: test
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_action_record_succeed_sets_fields() {
         let action = ActionRecord::new(0, "tool", serde_json::json!({}));
         let action = action.succeed(
-            Some("raw output here".into()),
+            Some("sanitized output".into()),
             serde_json::json!({"clean": true}),
             Duration::from_secs(7),
         );
 
-        assert!(action.success);
-        assert_eq!(action.output_raw.as_deref(), Some("raw output here"));
+        assert!(action.success); // safety: test
+        // output_raw is the JSON value pretty-printed
+        let expected_raw =
+            serde_json::to_string_pretty(&serde_json::json!({"clean": true})).unwrap(); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(action.output_raw.as_deref(), Some(expected_raw.as_str())); // safety: test
+        // output_sanitized wraps the string in a JSON string value
         assert_eq!(
+            /* safety: test */
             action.output_sanitized,
-            Some(serde_json::json!({"clean": true}))
+            Some(serde_json::json!("sanitized output"))
         );
-        assert_eq!(action.duration, Duration::from_secs(7));
+        assert_eq!(action.duration, Duration::from_secs(7)); // safety: test
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -361,13 +370,13 @@ mod tests {
         let mut mem = ConversationMemory::new(10);
         mem.add(ChatMessage::user("hello"));
         mem.add(ChatMessage::assistant("hi"));
-        assert_eq!(mem.len(), 2);
-        assert!(!mem.is_empty());
+        assert_eq!(mem.len(), 2); // safety: test
+        assert!(!mem.is_empty()); // safety: test
 
         mem.clear();
-        assert_eq!(mem.len(), 0);
-        assert!(mem.is_empty());
-        assert!(mem.messages().is_empty());
+        assert_eq!(mem.len(), 0); // safety: test
+        assert!(mem.is_empty()); // safety: test
+        assert!(mem.messages().is_empty()); // safety: test
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -379,20 +388,20 @@ mod tests {
         mem.add(ChatMessage::assistant("four"));
 
         let last_2 = mem.last_n(2);
-        assert_eq!(last_2.len(), 2);
-        assert_eq!(last_2[0].content, "three");
-        assert_eq!(last_2[1].content, "four");
+        assert_eq!(last_2.len(), 2); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(last_2[0].content, "three"); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(last_2[1].content, "four"); // safety: test
 
         // Requesting more than available returns all
         let last_100 = mem.last_n(100);
-        assert_eq!(last_100.len(), 4);
+        assert_eq!(last_100.len(), 4); // safety: test
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_conversation_memory_last_n_empty() {
         let mem = ConversationMemory::new(10);
         let result = mem.last_n(5);
-        assert!(result.is_empty());
+        assert!(result.is_empty()); // safety: test
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -405,13 +414,13 @@ mod tests {
         // At capacity (3). Adding one more should trim, but keep system.
         mem.add(ChatMessage::user("msg3"));
 
-        assert_eq!(mem.len(), 3);
+        assert_eq!(mem.len(), 3); // safety: test
         // System message must survive
-        assert_eq!(mem.messages()[0].role, crate::llm::Role::System);
-        assert_eq!(mem.messages()[0].content, "You are helpful");
+        assert_eq!(mem.messages()[0].role, crate::llm::Role::System); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(mem.messages()[0].content, "You are helpful"); // safety: test
         // Oldest non-system message (msg1) should be gone
-        assert_eq!(mem.messages()[1].content, "msg2");
-        assert_eq!(mem.messages()[2].content, "msg3");
+        assert_eq!(mem.messages()[1].content, "msg2"); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(mem.messages()[2].content, "msg3"); // safety: test
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -422,9 +431,9 @@ mod tests {
         // Now at capacity. Add another.
         mem.add(ChatMessage::user("b"));
 
-        assert_eq!(mem.len(), 2);
-        assert_eq!(mem.messages()[0].role, crate::llm::Role::System);
-        assert_eq!(mem.messages()[1].content, "b");
+        assert_eq!(mem.len(), 2); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(mem.messages()[0].role, crate::llm::Role::System); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(mem.messages()[1].content, "b"); // safety: test
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -440,7 +449,7 @@ mod tests {
         mem.add(ChatMessage::user("hello"));
         // Should have broken out rather than looping forever.
         // The system message is protected, so len may exceed max.
-        assert!(mem.len() <= 2);
+        assert!(mem.len() <= 2); // safety: test
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -459,14 +468,14 @@ mod tests {
             .fail("oops", Duration::from_millis(2));
         memory.record_action(err);
 
-        assert_eq!(memory.successful_actions(), 1);
-        assert_eq!(memory.failed_actions(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(memory.successful_actions(), 1); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(memory.failed_actions(), 1); // safety: test
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_memory_last_action() {
         let mut memory = Memory::new(Uuid::new_v4());
-        assert!(memory.last_action().is_none());
+        assert!(memory.last_action().is_none()); // safety: test
 
         let a1 = memory
             .create_action("first", serde_json::json!({}))
@@ -478,8 +487,8 @@ mod tests {
             .fail("nope", Duration::ZERO);
         memory.record_action(a2);
 
-        let last = memory.last_action().unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(last.tool_name, "second");
+        let last = memory.last_action().unwrap(); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(last.tool_name, "second"); // safety: test
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -499,9 +508,9 @@ mod tests {
         );
         memory.record_action(a);
 
-        assert_eq!(memory.actions_by_tool("shell").len(), 3);
-        assert_eq!(memory.actions_by_tool("http").len(), 1);
-        assert_eq!(memory.actions_by_tool("nonexistent").len(), 0);
+        assert_eq!(memory.actions_by_tool("shell").len(), 3); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(memory.actions_by_tool("http").len(), 1); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(memory.actions_by_tool("nonexistent").len(), 0); // safety: test
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -509,25 +518,25 @@ mod tests {
         let mut memory = Memory::new(Uuid::new_v4());
 
         let a0 = memory.create_action("t", serde_json::json!({}));
-        assert_eq!(a0.sequence, 0);
+        assert_eq!(a0.sequence, 0); // safety: test
 
         let a1 = memory.create_action("t", serde_json::json!({}));
-        assert_eq!(a1.sequence, 1);
+        assert_eq!(a1.sequence, 1); // safety: test
 
         let a2 = memory.create_action("t", serde_json::json!({}));
-        assert_eq!(a2.sequence, 2);
+        assert_eq!(a2.sequence, 2); // safety: test
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_memory_add_message_delegates_to_conversation() {
         let mut memory = Memory::new(Uuid::new_v4());
-        assert!(memory.conversation.is_empty());
+        assert!(memory.conversation.is_empty()); // safety: test
 
         memory.add_message(ChatMessage::user("hello"));
         memory.add_message(ChatMessage::assistant("hi"));
 
-        assert_eq!(memory.conversation.len(), 2);
-        assert_eq!(memory.conversation.messages()[0].content, "hello");
+        assert_eq!(memory.conversation.len(), 2); // safety: test
+        assert_eq!(memory.conversation.messages()[0].content, "hello"); // safety: test
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -540,7 +549,7 @@ mod tests {
             .succeed(None, serde_json::json!({}), Duration::ZERO);
         memory.record_action(a);
 
-        assert_eq!(memory.total_cost(), Decimal::ZERO);
+        assert_eq!(memory.total_cost(), Decimal::ZERO); // safety: test
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -560,6 +569,6 @@ mod tests {
         memory.record_action(a2);
 
         // Both successful and failed actions contribute to total duration
-        assert_eq!(memory.total_duration(), Duration::from_millis(300));
+        assert_eq!(memory.total_duration(), Duration::from_millis(300)); // safety: test
     }
 }

src/context/mod.rs

@@ -6,10 +6,12 @@
 //! - State machine
 //! - Resource tracking
 
+pub mod fallback;
 mod manager;
 mod memory;
 mod state;
 
+pub use fallback::FallbackDeliverable;
 pub use manager::ContextManager;
 pub use memory::{ActionRecord, ConversationMemory, Memory};
 pub use state::{JobContext, JobState, StateTransition, TokenBudgetExceeded};

src/db/CLAUDE.md

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ The `Database` supertrait is composed of seven sub-traits. Leaf consumers can de
 | Numeric/Decimal | `NUMERIC` | `TEXT` (preserves `rust_decimal` precision) |
 | Arrays | `TEXT[]` | `TEXT` (JSON-encoded array) |
 | Booleans | `BOOLEAN` | `INTEGER` (0/1) |
-| Vector embeddings | `VECTOR` (any dim, V9 removed fixed 1536) | `F32_BLOB(1536)` via `libsql_vector_idx` |
+| Vector embeddings | `VECTOR` (any dim, V9 removed fixed 1536) | `F32_BLOB(N)` via `libsql_vector_idx` (dimension set dynamically by `ensure_vector_index`) |
 | Full-text search | `tsvector` + `ts_rank_cd` | FTS5 virtual table + sync triggers |
 | JSON path update | `jsonb_set(col, '{key}', val)` | `json_patch(col, '{"key": val}')` |
 | PL/pgSQL | Functions | Triggers (no stored procs in SQLite) |
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ The `Database` supertrait is composed of seven sub-traits. Leaf consumers can de
 
 **Timestamp write format:** Always write timestamps with `fmt_ts(dt)` (RFC 3339, millisecond precision). Read with `get_ts()` / `get_opt_ts()` which handle legacy naive formats too.
 
-**Vector dimension:** PostgreSQL V9 migration changed the column to unbounded `vector` (removing the HNSW index). libSQL still uses `F32_BLOB(1536)` — if you use a different-dimension embedding model, the libSQL schema needs updating too.
+**Vector dimension:** PostgreSQL V9 migration changed the column to unbounded `vector` (removing the HNSW index). libSQL dynamically creates `F32_BLOB(N)` with the correct dimension via `ensure_vector_index()` during `run_migrations()`, reading `EMBEDDING_DIMENSION` / `EMBEDDING_MODEL` from env vars.
 
 **Connection per operation:** `LibSqlBackend::connect()` creates a fresh connection for every operation, sets `PRAGMA busy_timeout = 5000`, and closes it when the `Connection` is dropped. This is intentional — the libSQL SDK does not offer a pool. Avoid holding connections open across `await` points.
 
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ The `Database` supertrait is composed of seven sub-traits. Leaf consumers can de
 - **Settings reload** — `Config::from_db` skipped (requires `Store`)
 - **No incremental migrations** — schema is idempotent CREATE IF NOT EXISTS; no ALTER TABLE support; column additions require a new versioned approach
 - **No encryption at rest** — only secrets (API tokens) are AES-256-GCM encrypted; all other data is plaintext SQLite
-- **Hybrid search** — both FTS5 and vector search (`libsql_vector_idx`) are implemented; however, the vector index is fixed at `F32_BLOB(1536)` while PostgreSQL switched to unbounded `vector` in V9
+- **Hybrid search** — both FTS5 and vector search (`libsql_vector_idx`) are implemented; `ensure_vector_index()` dynamically creates the index with the correct `F32_BLOB(N)` dimension from env vars during `run_migrations()`
 - **Write serialization** — WAL mode allows concurrent readers but only one writer at a time; busy timeout is 5 s, which may cause timeouts under high write concurrency
 
 ## Running Locally with libSQL

src/db/libsql/mod.rs

@@ -341,6 +341,14 @@ impl Database for LibSqlBackend {
             .map_err(|e| DatabaseError::Migration(format!("libSQL migration failed: {}", e)))?;
         // Apply incremental migrations (V9+) tracked in _migrations table.
         libsql_migrations::run_incremental(&conn).await?;
+
+        // Set up vector index if embeddings are configured.
+        // This dynamically creates a libsql_vector_idx on memory_chunks.embedding
+        // with the correct F32_BLOB(N) dimension inferred from env vars.
+        if let Some(dimension) = workspace::resolve_embedding_dimension() {
+            self.ensure_vector_index(dimension).await?;
+        }
+
         Ok(())
     }
 }

src/db/libsql/routines.rs

@@ -477,6 +477,34 @@ impl RoutineStore for LibSqlBackend {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    async fn get_webhook_routine_by_path(
+        &self,
+        path: &str,
+    ) -> Result<Option<Routine>, DatabaseError> {
+        let conn = self.connect().await?;
+        let mut rows = conn
+            .query(
+                &format!(
+                    "SELECT {} FROM routines WHERE enabled = 1 AND trigger_type = 'webhook' \
+                     AND (json_extract(trigger_config, '$.path') = ?1 \
+                     OR (json_extract(trigger_config, '$.path') IS NULL AND CAST(id AS TEXT) = ?1))",
+                    ROUTINE_COLUMNS
+                ),
+                params![path],
+            )
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| DatabaseError::Query(e.to_string()))?;
+
+        match rows
+            .next()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| DatabaseError::Query(e.to_string()))?
+        {
+            Some(row) => Ok(Some(row_to_routine_libsql(&row)?)),
+            None => Ok(None),
+        }
+    }
+
     async fn list_dispatched_routine_runs(&self) -> Result<Vec<RoutineRun>, DatabaseError> {
         let conn = self.connect().await?;
         let mut rows = conn

src/db/libsql/workspace.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use super::{
     row_to_memory_document,
 };
 use crate::db::WorkspaceStore;
-use crate::error::WorkspaceError;
+use crate::error::{DatabaseError, WorkspaceError};
 use crate::workspace::{
     MemoryChunk, MemoryDocument, RankedResult, SearchConfig, SearchResult, WorkspaceEntry,
     fuse_results,
@@ -19,6 +19,227 @@ use crate::workspace::{
 
 use chrono::Utc;
 
+/// Resolve the embedding dimension from environment variables.
+///
+/// Reads `EMBEDDING_ENABLED`, `EMBEDDING_DIMENSION`, and `EMBEDDING_MODEL`
+/// from env vars. Returns `None` if embeddings are disabled.
+///
+/// Note: this only reads env vars, not persisted `Settings`, because it runs
+/// during `run_migrations()` before the full config stack is available. Users
+/// who configure embeddings via the settings UI must also set
+/// `EMBEDDING_ENABLED=true` in their environment for the vector index to be
+/// created. The model→dimension mapping is shared with `EmbeddingsConfig` via
+/// `default_dimension_for_model()`.
+pub(crate) fn resolve_embedding_dimension() -> Option<usize> {
+    let enabled = std::env::var("EMBEDDING_ENABLED")
+        .map(|v| v.eq_ignore_ascii_case("true") || v == "1")
+        .unwrap_or(false);
+
+    if !enabled {
+        tracing::info!("Vector index setup skipped (EMBEDDING_ENABLED not set in env)");
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    if let Ok(dim_str) = std::env::var("EMBEDDING_DIMENSION")
+        && let Ok(dim) = dim_str.parse::<usize>()
+        && dim > 0
+    {
+        return Some(dim);
+    }
+
+    let model =
+        std::env::var("EMBEDDING_MODEL").unwrap_or_else(|_| "text-embedding-3-small".to_string());
+
+    Some(crate::config::embeddings::default_dimension_for_model(
+        &model,
+    ))
+}
+
+impl LibSqlBackend {
+    /// Ensure the `libsql_vector_idx` on `memory_chunks.embedding` matches the
+    /// configured embedding dimension.
+    ///
+    /// The V9 migration dropped the vector index (and changed `F32_BLOB(1536)`
+    /// to `BLOB`) to support flexible dimensions. This method restores a
+    /// properly-typed `F32_BLOB(N)` column and creates the vector index.
+    ///
+    /// Tracks the active dimension in `_migrations` version `0` — a reserved
+    /// metadata row where `name` stores the dimension as a string. Version 0
+    /// is never used by incremental migrations (which start at 9), so there
+    /// is no collision. If the stored dimension matches, this is a no-op.
+    ///
+    /// **Precondition:** `run_migrations()` must have been called first so that
+    /// the `_migrations` table exists. This is guaranteed when called from
+    /// `Database::run_migrations()`, but callers using this directly must
+    /// ensure migrations have run.
+    pub async fn ensure_vector_index(&self, dimension: usize) -> Result<(), DatabaseError> {
+        if dimension == 0 || dimension > 65536 {
+            return Err(DatabaseError::Migration(format!(
+                "ensure_vector_index: dimension {dimension} out of valid range (1..=65536)"
+            )));
+        }
+
+        let conn = self.connect().await?;
+
+        // Check current dimension from _migrations version=0 (reserved metadata row).
+        // The block scope ensures `rows` is dropped before `conn.transaction()` —
+        // holding a result set open would cause "database table is locked" errors.
+        let current_dim = {
+            let mut rows = conn
+                .query("SELECT name FROM _migrations WHERE version = 0", ())
+                .await
+                .map_err(|e| {
+                    DatabaseError::Migration(format!("Failed to check vector index metadata: {e}"))
+                })?;
+
+            rows.next().await.ok().flatten().and_then(|row| {
+                row.get::<String>(0)
+                    .ok()
+                    .and_then(|s| s.parse::<usize>().ok())
+            })
+        };
+
+        if current_dim == Some(dimension) {
+            tracing::debug!(
+                dimension,
+                "Vector index already matches configured dimension"
+            );
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        tracing::info!(
+            old_dimension = ?current_dim,
+            new_dimension = dimension,
+            "Rebuilding memory_chunks table for vector index"
+        );
+
+        let tx = conn.transaction().await.map_err(|e| {
+            DatabaseError::Migration(format!(
+                "ensure_vector_index: failed to start transaction: {e}"
+            ))
+        })?;
+
+        // 1. Drop FTS triggers that reference the old table
+        tx.execute_batch(
+            "DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS memory_chunks_fts_insert;
+             DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS memory_chunks_fts_delete;
+             DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS memory_chunks_fts_update;",
+        )
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| DatabaseError::Migration(format!("Failed to drop FTS triggers: {e}")))?;
+
+        // 2. Drop old vector index
+        tx.execute_batch("DROP INDEX IF EXISTS idx_memory_chunks_embedding;")
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                DatabaseError::Migration(format!("Failed to drop old vector index: {e}"))
+            })?;
+
+        // 3. Drop stale temp table (if a previous attempt crashed) and create fresh
+        tx.execute_batch("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS memory_chunks_new;")
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                DatabaseError::Migration(format!("Failed to drop stale memory_chunks_new: {e}"))
+            })?;
+
+        let create_sql = format!(
+            "CREATE TABLE memory_chunks_new (
+                _rowid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+                id TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+                document_id TEXT NOT NULL REFERENCES memory_documents(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+                chunk_index INTEGER NOT NULL,
+                content TEXT NOT NULL,
+                embedding F32_BLOB({dimension}),
+                created_at TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT (strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%fZ', 'now')),
+                UNIQUE (document_id, chunk_index)
+            )"
+        );
+        tx.execute_batch(&create_sql).await.map_err(|e| {
+            DatabaseError::Migration(format!(
+                "Failed to create memory_chunks_new with F32_BLOB({dimension}): {e}"
+            ))
+        })?;
+
+        // 4. Copy data — embeddings with wrong byte length get NULLed
+        //    (they will be re-embedded on next background pass).
+        //    _rowid is explicitly preserved so the FTS5 content table
+        //    (memory_chunks_fts, content_rowid='_rowid') stays in sync.
+        let expected_bytes = dimension * 4;
+        let copy_sql = format!(
+            "INSERT INTO memory_chunks_new
+                (_rowid, id, document_id, chunk_index, content, embedding, created_at)
+             SELECT _rowid, id, document_id, chunk_index, content,
+                    CASE WHEN length(embedding) = {expected_bytes} THEN embedding ELSE NULL END,
+                    created_at
+             FROM memory_chunks"
+        );
+        tx.execute_batch(&copy_sql).await.map_err(|e| {
+            DatabaseError::Migration(format!("Failed to copy data to memory_chunks_new: {e}"))
+        })?;
+
+        // 5. Swap tables
+        tx.execute_batch(
+            "DROP TABLE memory_chunks;
+             ALTER TABLE memory_chunks_new RENAME TO memory_chunks;",
+        )
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| {
+            DatabaseError::Migration(format!("Failed to swap memory_chunks tables: {e}"))
+        })?;
+
+        // 6. Recreate document index + vector index
+        tx.execute_batch(
+            "CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_memory_chunks_document ON memory_chunks(document_id);
+             CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_memory_chunks_embedding ON memory_chunks(libsql_vector_idx(embedding));",
+        )
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| {
+            DatabaseError::Migration(format!("Failed to create indexes: {e}"))
+        })?;
+
+        // 7. Recreate FTS triggers
+        tx.execute_batch(
+            "CREATE TRIGGER IF NOT EXISTS memory_chunks_fts_insert AFTER INSERT ON memory_chunks BEGIN
+                INSERT INTO memory_chunks_fts(rowid, content) VALUES (new._rowid, new.content);
+            END;
+
+            CREATE TRIGGER IF NOT EXISTS memory_chunks_fts_delete AFTER DELETE ON memory_chunks BEGIN
+                INSERT INTO memory_chunks_fts(memory_chunks_fts, rowid, content)
+                    VALUES ('delete', old._rowid, old.content);
+            END;
+
+            CREATE TRIGGER IF NOT EXISTS memory_chunks_fts_update AFTER UPDATE ON memory_chunks BEGIN
+                INSERT INTO memory_chunks_fts(memory_chunks_fts, rowid, content)
+                    VALUES ('delete', old._rowid, old.content);
+                INSERT INTO memory_chunks_fts(rowid, content) VALUES (new._rowid, new.content);
+            END;",
+        )
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| {
+            DatabaseError::Migration(format!("Failed to recreate FTS triggers: {e}"))
+        })?;
+
+        // 8. Upsert dimension into _migrations(version=0)
+        tx.execute(
+            "INSERT INTO _migrations (version, name) VALUES (0, ?1)
+             ON CONFLICT(version) DO UPDATE SET name = ?1,
+                applied_at = strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%fZ', 'now')",
+            params![dimension.to_string()],
+        )
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| {
+            DatabaseError::Migration(format!("Failed to record vector index dimension: {e}"))
+        })?;
+
+        tx.commit().await.map_err(|e| {
+            DatabaseError::Migration(format!("ensure_vector_index: commit failed: {e}"))
+        })?;
+
+        tracing::info!(dimension, "Vector index created successfully");
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
 #[async_trait]
 impl WorkspaceStore for LibSqlBackend {
     async fn get_document_by_path(
@@ -395,6 +616,9 @@ impl WorkspaceStore for LibSqlBackend {
                 reason: e.to_string(),
             })?;
         let id = Uuid::new_v4();
+        // Note: embedding dimension is not validated here — the F32_BLOB(N)
+        // column type created by ensure_vector_index() enforces byte length at
+        // the libSQL level and will reject mismatched dimensions.
         let embedding_blob = embedding.map(|e| {
             let bytes: Vec<u8> = e.iter().flat_map(|f| f.to_le_bytes()).collect();
             bytes
@@ -561,9 +785,9 @@ impl WorkspaceStore for LibSqlBackend {
                     .join(",")
             );
 
-            // vector_top_k requires a libsql_vector_idx index. After the V9
-            // migration the index is dropped (to support flexible embedding
-            // dimensions), so this query may fail. Fall back to FTS-only.
+            // vector_top_k requires a libsql_vector_idx index created by
+            // ensure_vector_index(). If the index is missing (embeddings not
+            // configured or dimension mismatch), fall back to FTS-only.
             match conn
                 .query(
                     r#"
@@ -597,9 +821,9 @@ impl WorkspaceStore for LibSqlBackend {
                     results
                 }
                 Err(e) => {
-                    tracing::debug!(
-                        "Vector index query failed (expected after V9 migration), \
-                         falling back to FTS-only: {e}"
+                    tracing::warn!(
+                        "Vector index query failed (ensure_vector_index may not have run \
+                         or dimension mismatch), falling back to FTS-only: {e}"
                     );
                     Vec::new()
                 }
@@ -617,3 +841,246 @@ impl WorkspaceStore for LibSqlBackend {
         Ok(fuse_results(fts_results, vector_results, config))
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::db::Database;
+
+    /// Helper: create a file-backed backend with migrations applied.
+    async fn setup_backend() -> (LibSqlBackend, tempfile::TempDir) {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().expect("tempdir");
+        let db_path = dir.path().join("test_vector.db");
+        let backend = LibSqlBackend::new_local(&db_path).await.expect("new_local");
+        backend.run_migrations().await.expect("migrations");
+        (backend, dir)
+    }
+
+    /// Helper: insert a document and chunk with an optional embedding.
+    async fn insert_test_chunk(
+        backend: &LibSqlBackend,
+        user_id: &str,
+        path: &str,
+        content: &str,
+        embedding: Option<&[f32]>,
+    ) -> (Uuid, Uuid) {
+        let conn = backend.connect().await.expect("connect");
+        let doc_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+        let now = super::fmt_ts(&Utc::now());
+        conn.execute(
+            "INSERT INTO memory_documents (id, user_id, path, content, created_at, updated_at, metadata)
+             VALUES (?1, ?2, ?3, '', ?4, ?4, '{}')",
+            params![doc_id.to_string(), user_id, path, now],
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("insert doc");
+        let chunk_id = backend
+            .insert_chunk(doc_id, 0, content, embedding)
+            .await
+            .expect("insert chunk");
+        (doc_id, chunk_id)
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_ensure_vector_index_enables_vector_search() {
+        let (backend, _dir) = setup_backend().await;
+
+        // Create vector index with dim=4
+        backend.ensure_vector_index(4).await.expect("ensure dim=4");
+        // Insert a chunk with a 4-dim embedding
+        let embedding = [1.0_f32, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0];
+        let (_doc_id, _chunk_id) = insert_test_chunk(
+            &backend,
+            "test",
+            "notes.md",
+            "hello world",
+            Some(&embedding),
+        )
+        .await;
+
+        // Query using vector_top_k — should find the chunk
+        let conn = backend.connect().await.expect("connect");
+        let mut rows = conn
+            .query(
+                r#"SELECT c.id
+                   FROM vector_top_k('idx_memory_chunks_embedding', vector('[1,0,0,0]'), 5) AS top_k
+                   JOIN memory_chunks c ON c._rowid = top_k.id"#,
+                (),
+            )
+            .await
+            .expect("vector_top_k query");
+        let row = rows
+            .next()
+            .await
+            .expect("row fetch")
+            .expect("expected a result row");
+        let id: String = row.get(0).expect("get id");
+        assert!(!id.is_empty(), "vector search should return the chunk");
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_ensure_vector_index_dimension_change() {
+        let (backend, _dir) = setup_backend().await;
+
+        // Create with dim=4 and insert data
+        backend.ensure_vector_index(4).await.expect("ensure dim=4");
+        let embedding_4d = [1.0_f32, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0];
+        insert_test_chunk(&backend, "test", "a.md", "content a", Some(&embedding_4d)).await;
+
+        // Recreate with dim=8 — old 4-dim embeddings should be NULLed
+        backend.ensure_vector_index(8).await.expect("ensure dim=8");
+        // Verify metadata updated
+        let conn = backend.connect().await.expect("connect");
+        let mut rows = conn
+            .query("SELECT name FROM _migrations WHERE version = 0", ())
+            .await
+            .expect("query metadata");
+        let row = rows.next().await.expect("fetch").expect("metadata row");
+        let dim_str: String = row.get(0).expect("get name");
+        assert_eq!(dim_str, "8");
+        // Verify old embedding was NULLed (wrong byte length for dim=8)
+        let mut rows = conn
+            .query("SELECT embedding IS NULL FROM memory_chunks LIMIT 1", ())
+            .await
+            .expect("query embedding");
+        let row = rows.next().await.expect("fetch").expect("chunk row");
+        let is_null: i64 = row.get(0).expect("get is_null");
+        assert_eq!(
+            is_null, 1,
+            "old 4-dim embedding should be NULLed after dim change to 8"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_ensure_vector_index_noop_when_unchanged() {
+        let (backend, _dir) = setup_backend().await;
+
+        // Create with dim=4 and insert data
+        backend.ensure_vector_index(4).await.expect("ensure dim=4");
+        let embedding = [1.0_f32, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0];
+        insert_test_chunk(&backend, "test", "b.md", "content b", Some(&embedding)).await;
+
+        // Run again with same dimension — should be a no-op
+        backend
+            .ensure_vector_index(4)
+            .await
+            .expect("ensure dim=4 again");
+        // Verify data is untouched (embedding not NULLed)
+        let conn = backend.connect().await.expect("connect");
+        let mut rows = conn
+            .query(
+                "SELECT embedding IS NOT NULL FROM memory_chunks LIMIT 1",
+                (),
+            )
+            .await
+            .expect("query embedding");
+        let row = rows.next().await.expect("fetch").expect("chunk row");
+        let has_embedding: i64 = row.get(0).expect("get");
+        assert_eq!(
+            has_embedding, 1,
+            "embedding should be preserved on no-op call"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_hybrid_search_returns_vector_results() {
+        let (backend, _dir) = setup_backend().await;
+
+        // Create vector index with dim=4
+        backend.ensure_vector_index(4).await.expect("ensure dim=4");
+        // Insert chunk with embedding and searchable content
+        let embedding = [0.5_f32, 0.5, 0.0, 0.0];
+        insert_test_chunk(
+            &backend,
+            "user1",
+            "notes.md",
+            "quantum computing research",
+            Some(&embedding),
+        )
+        .await;
+
+        // Search via the WorkspaceStore trait with vector enabled
+        let query_emb = [0.5_f32, 0.5, 0.0, 0.0];
+        let config = SearchConfig::default().with_limit(5);
+        let results = backend
+            .hybrid_search("user1", None, "quantum", Some(&query_emb), &config)
+            .await
+            .expect("hybrid_search");
+        assert!(!results.is_empty(), "hybrid search should return results");
+        let first = &results[0];
+        assert!(
+            first.vector_rank.is_some(),
+            "result should have a vector_rank"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(first.content, "quantum computing research");
+    }
+
+    mod resolve_dimension {
+        use super::*;
+        use crate::config::helpers::ENV_MUTEX;
+
+        fn clear_embedding_env() {
+            // SAFETY: called under ENV_MUTEX
+            unsafe {
+                std::env::remove_var("EMBEDDING_ENABLED");
+                std::env::remove_var("EMBEDDING_DIMENSION");
+                std::env::remove_var("EMBEDDING_MODEL");
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[test]
+        fn returns_none_when_disabled() {
+            let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex");
+            clear_embedding_env();
+            assert!(resolve_embedding_dimension().is_none());
+        }
+
+        #[test]
+        fn returns_explicit_dimension() {
+            let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex");
+            clear_embedding_env();
+            // SAFETY: under ENV_MUTEX
+            unsafe {
+                std::env::set_var("EMBEDDING_ENABLED", "true");
+                std::env::set_var("EMBEDDING_DIMENSION", "768");
+            }
+            assert_eq!(resolve_embedding_dimension(), Some(768));
+            unsafe {
+                std::env::remove_var("EMBEDDING_ENABLED");
+                std::env::remove_var("EMBEDDING_DIMENSION");
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[test]
+        fn infers_from_model() {
+            let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex");
+            clear_embedding_env();
+            // SAFETY: under ENV_MUTEX
+            unsafe {
+                std::env::set_var("EMBEDDING_ENABLED", "1");
+                std::env::set_var("EMBEDDING_MODEL", "all-minilm");
+            }
+            assert_eq!(resolve_embedding_dimension(), Some(384));
+            unsafe {
+                std::env::remove_var("EMBEDDING_ENABLED");
+                std::env::remove_var("EMBEDDING_MODEL");
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[test]
+        fn defaults_to_1536_for_unknown_model() {
+            let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex");
+            clear_embedding_env();
+            // SAFETY: under ENV_MUTEX
+            unsafe {
+                std::env::set_var("EMBEDDING_ENABLED", "true");
+                std::env::set_var("EMBEDDING_MODEL", "some-unknown-model");
+            }
+            assert_eq!(resolve_embedding_dimension(), Some(1536));
+            unsafe {
+                std::env::remove_var("EMBEDDING_ENABLED");
+                std::env::remove_var("EMBEDDING_MODEL");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/db/libsql_migrations.rs

@@ -240,9 +240,9 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS memory_chunks (
 
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_memory_chunks_document ON memory_chunks(document_id);
 
--- No vector index: BLOB column accepts any embedding dimension.
--- Vector search uses brute-force cosine distance (fast enough for
--- personal assistant workspaces). Matches PostgreSQL after V9 migration.
+-- No vector index in base schema: BLOB column accepts any embedding dimension.
+-- Vector index is created dynamically by ensure_vector_index() during
+-- run_migrations() when embeddings are configured (EMBEDDING_ENABLED=true).
 
 -- FTS5 virtual table for full-text search
 CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE IF NOT EXISTS memory_chunks_fts USING fts5(
@@ -593,10 +593,9 @@ pub const INCREMENTAL_MIGRATIONS: &[(i64, &str, &str)] = &[
         // constraint so any embedding dimension works. Existing embeddings
         // are preserved; users only need to re-embed if they change models.
         //
-        // The vector index (libsql_vector_idx) requires a fixed-dimension
-        // F32_BLOB(N), so we drop it entirely. Vector search falls back to
-        // brute-force cosine distance which is fast enough for personal
-        // assistant workspaces. This matches PostgreSQL after its V9 migration.
+        // The vector index is dropped here; ensure_vector_index() recreates
+        // it with the correct F32_BLOB(N) dimension during run_migrations()
+        // when embeddings are configured.
         //
         // SQLite cannot ALTER COLUMN types, so we recreate the table.
         r#"

src/db/mod.rs

@@ -525,6 +525,11 @@ pub trait RoutineStore: Send + Sync {
         run_id: Uuid,
         job_id: Uuid,
     ) -> Result<(), DatabaseError>;
+    async fn get_webhook_routine_by_path(
+        &self,
+        path: &str,
+    ) -> Result<Option<Routine>, DatabaseError>;
+
     /// List routine runs that were dispatched as full_job but have not yet
     /// been finalized (status='running' with a linked job_id).
     async fn list_dispatched_routine_runs(&self) -> Result<Vec<RoutineRun>, DatabaseError>;

src/db/postgres.rs

@@ -504,6 +504,13 @@ impl RoutineStore for PgBackend {
         self.store.link_routine_run_to_job(run_id, job_id).await
     }
 
+    async fn get_webhook_routine_by_path(
+        &self,
+        path: &str,
+    ) -> Result<Option<Routine>, DatabaseError> {
+        self.store.get_webhook_routine_by_path(path).await
+    }
+
     async fn list_dispatched_routine_runs(&self) -> Result<Vec<RoutineRun>, DatabaseError> {
         self.store.list_dispatched_routine_runs().await
     }

src/error.rs

@@ -168,6 +168,9 @@ pub enum ToolError {
     #[error("Tool {name} requires authentication")]
     AuthRequired { name: String },
 
+    #[error("Tool {name} is not available for autonomous execution: {reason}")]
+    AutonomousUnavailable { name: String, reason: String },
+
     #[error("Tool {name} is rate limited, retry after {retry_after:?}")]
     RateLimited {
         name: String,
@@ -300,6 +303,21 @@ pub enum WorkspaceError {
 
     #[error("I/O error: {reason}")]
     IoError { reason: String },
+
+    #[error("Not found: {path}")]
+    NotFound { path: String },
+
+    #[error("Layer not found: {name}")]
+    LayerNotFound { name: String },
+
+    #[error("Layer '{name}' is read-only")]
+    LayerReadOnly { name: String },
+
+    #[error("Cannot write sensitive content: no private layer available for redirect")]
+    PrivacyRedirectFailed,
+
+    #[error("Write rejected for '{path}': prompt injection detected ({reason})")]
+    InjectionRejected { path: String, reason: String },
 }
 
 /// Orchestrator errors (internal API, container management).
@@ -370,6 +388,9 @@ pub enum RoutineError {
     #[error("Not authorized to trigger routine {id}")]
     NotAuthorized { id: Uuid },
 
+    #[error("Routine {name} is in cooldown period")]
+    Cooldown { name: String },
+
     #[error("Routine {name} at max concurrent runs")]
     MaxConcurrent { name: String },
 

src/history/store.rs

@@ -1105,6 +1105,22 @@ impl Store {
         rows.iter().map(row_to_routine).collect()
     }
 
+    /// Find an enabled webhook routine by its configured path (or fallback to ID).
+    pub async fn get_webhook_routine_by_path(
+        &self,
+        path: &str,
+    ) -> Result<Option<Routine>, DatabaseError> {
+        let conn = self.conn().await?;
+        let row = conn
+            .query_opt(
+                "SELECT * FROM routines WHERE enabled AND trigger_type = 'webhook' \
+                 AND (trigger_config->>'path' = $1 OR (trigger_config->>'path' IS NULL AND id::text = $1))",
+                &[&path],
+            )
+            .await?;
+        row.as_ref().map(row_to_routine).transpose()
+    }
+
     /// List all enabled cron routines whose next_fire_at <= now.
     pub async fn list_due_cron_routines(&self) -> Result<Vec<Routine>, DatabaseError> {
         let conn = self.conn().await?;

src/lib.rs

@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ pub mod llm;
 pub mod observability;
 pub mod orchestrator;
 pub mod pairing;
+pub mod profile;
 pub mod registry;
 pub mod safety;
 pub mod sandbox;

src/llm/CLAUDE.md

@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ Multi-provider LLM integration with circuit breaker, retry, failover, and respon
 | `nearai_chat.rs` | NEAR AI Chat Completions provider (dual auth: session token or API key) |
 | `codex_auth.rs` | Reads Codex CLI `auth.json`, extracts tokens, refreshes ChatGPT OAuth access tokens |
 | `codex_chatgpt.rs` | Custom Responses API provider for Codex ChatGPT backend (`/backend-api/codex`) |
+| `openai_codex_provider.rs` | OpenAI Codex Responses API client (SSE streaming, JWT auth, subscription billing) |
+| `openai_codex_session.rs` | OAuth 2.0 session manager for OpenAI Codex (device code flow, token persistence) |
+| `token_refreshing.rs` | Token-refreshing `LlmProvider` decorator for OpenAI Codex (pre-emptive refresh, zero-cost billing) |
 | `reasoning.rs` | `Reasoning` struct, `ReasoningContext`, `RespondResult`, `ActionPlan`, `ToolSelection`; thinking-tag stripping; `SILENT_REPLY_TOKEN` |
 | `session.rs` | NEAR AI session token management with disk + DB persistence, OAuth login flow |
 | `circuit_breaker.rs` | Circuit breaker: Closed → Open → HalfOpen state machine |
@@ -34,10 +37,12 @@ Set via `LLM_BACKEND` env var:
 | `nearai` (default) | NEAR AI Chat Completions | `NEARAI_SESSION_TOKEN` or `NEARAI_API_KEY` |
 | `openai` | OpenAI | `OPENAI_API_KEY` |
 | `anthropic` | Anthropic | `ANTHROPIC_API_KEY` |
+| `github_copilot` | GitHub Copilot Chat API | `GITHUB_COPILOT_TOKEN`, `GITHUB_COPILOT_MODEL` |
 | `ollama` | Ollama local | `OLLAMA_BASE_URL` |
 | `openai_compatible` | Any OpenAI-compatible endpoint | `LLM_BASE_URL`, `LLM_API_KEY`, `LLM_MODEL` |
 | `tinfoil` | Tinfoil TEE inference | `TINFOIL_API_KEY`, `TINFOIL_MODEL` |
 | `bedrock` | AWS Bedrock (requires `--features bedrock`) | `BEDROCK_REGION`, `BEDROCK_MODEL`, `AWS_PROFILE` |
+| `openai_codex` | OpenAI Codex (ChatGPT subscription) | `OPENAI_CODEX_MODEL`, `OPENAI_CODEX_CLIENT_ID` |
 
 Codex auth reuse:
 - Set `LLM_USE_CODEX_AUTH=true` to load credentials from `~/.codex/auth.json` (override with `CODEX_AUTH_PATH`).
@@ -56,6 +61,27 @@ Uses the native Converse API via `aws-sdk-bedrockruntime` (`bedrock.rs`). Requir
 - `BEDROCK_MODEL` — Required model ID (e.g., `anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1`)
 - `BEDROCK_CROSS_REGION` — Optional cross-region inference prefix (`us`, `eu`, `apac`, `global`)
 
+## GitHub Copilot Provider Notes
+
+`github_copilot` uses a dedicated `GithubCopilotProvider` (`github_copilot.rs`) with
+direct HTTP via `reqwest::Client`. It cannot use `RigAdapter` because the Copilot API
+requires a two-step authentication flow: a long-lived GitHub OAuth token is exchanged
+for a short-lived Copilot session token via `api.github.com/copilot_internal/v2/token`.
+The session token is cached and auto-refreshed before expiry by `CopilotTokenManager`
+in `github_copilot_auth.rs`.
+
+The API endpoint is `https://api.githubcopilot.com/chat/completions` (OpenAI Chat
+Completions format). Token source: `GITHUB_COPILOT_TOKEN` env var, or the
+`oauth_token` from your IDE sign-in flow (`~/.config/github-copilot/apps.json`).
+The setup wizard supports GitHub device login or manual token paste.
+
+**Known risk:** The device login flow uses the VS Code Copilot OAuth client ID
+(`Iv1.b507a08c87ecfe98`) and injects VS Code identity headers (`User-Agent`,
+`Editor-Version`, `Editor-Plugin-Version`, `Copilot-Integration-Id`). GitHub could
+rotate this client ID at any time. If GitHub publishes an official third-party client
+ID, migrate to it immediately. Advanced users can override headers via
+`GITHUB_COPILOT_EXTRA_HEADERS`.
+
 ## NEAR AI Provider Gotchas
 
 **Dual auth modes:**
@@ -148,9 +174,27 @@ To add a new provider:
 
 Set `LLM_EXTRA_HEADERS=Key:Value,Key2:Value2` to inject headers into every request. Useful for OpenRouter attribution (`HTTP-Referer`, `X-Title`). Invalid header names/values are skipped with a warning (not a fatal error).
 
+## OpenAI Codex Provider
+
+Uses the Responses API at `chatgpt.com/backend-api/codex/responses` with ChatGPT subscription OAuth tokens (zero API cost — billing through subscription).
+
+**Auth flow:** Device code OAuth via `auth.openai.com/api/accounts/deviceauth/*` endpoints. On first run, displays a code for the user to enter at a URL. Tokens are persisted to `~/.ironclaw/openai_codex_session.json` (mode 0600) and auto-refreshed before expiry.
+
+**Provider chain:** `OpenAiCodexProvider` → `TokenRefreshingProvider` (pre-emptive refresh + retry on 401) → standard decorator chain. The `TokenRefreshingProvider` intercepts `AuthFailed`/`SessionExpired` errors, refreshes the OAuth token, and retries once.
+
+**Key differences from other providers:**
+- Uses Responses API (not Chat Completions) — SSE streaming with different event types
+- System messages are sent as `instructions` field, not in `input` array
+- Tool schemas are normalized via `normalize_schema_strict()` for OpenAI strict mode
+- `cost_per_token()` returns `(0, 0)` — subscription-based billing
+- `set_model()` returns error — model is fixed at construction time
+- Image attachments are silently dropped with a warning log
+
+**Env vars:** `OPENAI_CODEX_MODEL` (default: `gpt-5.3-codex`), `OPENAI_CODEX_CLIENT_ID`, `OPENAI_CODEX_AUTH_URL`, `OPENAI_CODEX_API_URL`.
+
 ## Provider Chain Construction
 
-`build_provider_chain()` in `mod.rs` is the single source of truth for assembling decorators. The chain is:
+`build_provider_chain()` in `mod.rs` is the single source of truth for assembling decorators. It creates the base provider (dispatching to `create_openai_codex_provider()` for codex, `create_llm_provider()` for everything else), then applies all decorators inline:
 
 ```
 Raw provider

src/llm/anthropic_oauth.rs

@@ -22,8 +22,6 @@ use crate::llm::provider::{
     ToolCompletionRequest, ToolCompletionResponse, strip_unsupported_completion_params,
     strip_unsupported_tool_params,
 };
-use crate::llm::retry::cap_retry_after;
-
 const ANTHROPIC_API_URL: &str = "https://api.anthropic.com/v1/messages";
 /// OAuth beta requires 2023-06-01; the 2024-10-22 version is not valid with the beta flag.
 const ANTHROPIC_API_VERSION: &str = "2023-06-01";
@@ -144,15 +142,9 @@ impl AnthropicOAuthProvider {
 
         if !status.is_success() {
             // Parse Retry-After header before consuming the body.
-            // Falls back to 60s if header is missing or unparseable (prevents "retry after None" errors).
-            let retry_after = response
-                .headers()
-                .get("retry-after")
-                .and_then(|v| v.to_str().ok())
-                .and_then(|v| v.parse::<u64>().ok())
-                .map(std::time::Duration::from_secs)
-                .map(cap_retry_after)
-                .or(Some(std::time::Duration::from_secs(60)));
+            let retry_after = Some(crate::llm::retry::parse_retry_after(
+                response.headers().get("retry-after"),
+            ));
 
             let response_text = response
                 .text()
@@ -709,84 +701,4 @@ mod tests {
         // Subsequent reads see the updated token
         assert_eq!(token.read().unwrap().expose_secret(), "new_token");
     }
-
-    // -- Retry-After header parsing tests (regression for rate limit "None" bug) --
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_retry_after_parsing_delay_seconds() {
-        // Verify delay-seconds format is parsed correctly
-        let header_value = "45";
-        let duration = parse_retry_after_anthropic_for_test(header_value);
-        assert_eq!(
-            duration,
-            Some(std::time::Duration::from_secs(45)),
-            "Should parse delay-seconds format"
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_retry_after_fallback_missing_header() {
-        // Regression test: When Retry-After header is missing,
-        // should fall back to 60s instead of None
-        let duration = parse_retry_after_anthropic_for_test("");
-        assert_eq!(
-            duration,
-            Some(std::time::Duration::from_secs(60)),
-            "Missing header should fallback to 60s"
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_retry_after_fallback_invalid_format() {
-        // Regression test: When Retry-After header is in unexpected format,
-        // should fall back to 60s instead of None
-        let invalid_formats = vec![
-            "invalid",
-            "not-a-number",
-            "30.5", // float instead of int
-            "abc123",
-            "Mon, 02 Mar 2026 18:00:00 GMT", // RFC2822 not supported in anthropic version
-        ];
-
-        for format in invalid_formats {
-            let duration = parse_retry_after_anthropic_for_test(format);
-            assert_eq!(
-                duration,
-                Some(std::time::Duration::from_secs(60)),
-                "Invalid format '{}' should fallback to 60s",
-                format
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_retry_after_zero_seconds_accepted() {
-        // Verify zero seconds is a valid retry delay
-        let duration = parse_retry_after_anthropic_for_test("0");
-        assert_eq!(duration, Some(std::time::Duration::ZERO));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_retry_after_large_number() {
-        // Verify large numbers are capped to the safe maximum
-        let duration = parse_retry_after_anthropic_for_test("7200"); // 2 hours
-        assert_eq!(
-            duration,
-            Some(std::time::Duration::from_secs(
-                crate::llm::retry::MAX_RETRY_AFTER_SECS
-            ))
-        );
-    }
-
-    /// Helper function to test Retry-After header parsing logic for Anthropic
-    /// (simulates the parsing done in send_request without actual HTTP, including fallback)
-    fn parse_retry_after_anthropic_for_test(header_value: &str) -> Option<std::time::Duration> {
-        header_value
-            .trim()
-            .parse::<u64>()
-            .ok()
-            .map(std::time::Duration::from_secs)
-            .map(cap_retry_after)
-            .or(Some(std::time::Duration::from_secs(60)))
-    }
 }

src/llm/codex_test_helpers.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+//! Shared test helpers for OpenAI Codex provider tests.
+
+#![cfg(test)]
+
+use crate::config::OpenAiCodexConfig;
+
+/// Build a minimal JWT for testing (header.payload.signature).
+pub(crate) fn make_test_jwt(account_id: &str) -> String {
+    use base64::Engine;
+    let engine = base64::engine::general_purpose::URL_SAFE_NO_PAD;
+
+    let header = engine.encode(b"{\"alg\":\"RS256\",\"typ\":\"JWT\"}");
+    let payload_json = serde_json::json!({
+        "sub": "user123",
+        "https://api.openai.com/auth": {
+            "chatgpt_account_id": account_id,
+        },
+    });
+    let payload = engine.encode(payload_json.to_string().as_bytes());
+    let sig = engine.encode(b"fake-signature");
+    format!("{header}.{payload}.{sig}")
+}
+
+/// Build a test `OpenAiCodexConfig` with a given session path.
+pub(crate) fn test_codex_config(session_path: std::path::PathBuf) -> OpenAiCodexConfig {
+    OpenAiCodexConfig {
+        model: "gpt-5.3-codex".to_string(),
+        auth_endpoint: "https://auth.openai.com".to_string(),
+        api_base_url: "https://chatgpt.com/backend-api/codex".to_string(),
+        client_id: "test_client_id".to_string(),
+        session_path,
+        token_refresh_margin_secs: 300,
+    }
+}

src/llm/config.rs

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use std::path::PathBuf;
 
 use secrecy::SecretString;
 
+use crate::bootstrap::ironclaw_base_dir;
 use crate::llm::registry::ProviderProtocol;
 use crate::llm::session::SessionConfig;
 
@@ -102,6 +103,36 @@ pub struct RegistryProviderConfig {
     pub unsupported_params: Vec<String>,
 }
 
+/// Configuration for OpenAI Codex (ChatGPT subscription OAuth).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct OpenAiCodexConfig {
+    /// Model to use (default: "gpt-5.3-codex").
+    pub model: String,
+    /// OAuth authorization server (default: "https://auth.openai.com").
+    pub auth_endpoint: String,
+    /// Responses API base URL (default: "https://chatgpt.com/backend-api/codex").
+    pub api_base_url: String,
+    /// OAuth client ID (default: OpenAI's public Codex client).
+    pub client_id: String,
+    /// Path to session file (default: ~/.ironclaw/openai_codex_session.json).
+    pub session_path: PathBuf,
+    /// Seconds before expiry to proactively refresh (default: 300).
+    pub token_refresh_margin_secs: u64,
+}
+
+impl Default for OpenAiCodexConfig {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            model: "gpt-5.3-codex".to_string(),
+            auth_endpoint: "https://auth.openai.com".to_string(),
+            api_base_url: "https://chatgpt.com/backend-api/codex".to_string(),
+            client_id: "app_EMoamEEZ73f0CkXaXp7hrann".to_string(),
+            session_path: ironclaw_base_dir().join("openai_codex_session.json"),
+            token_refresh_margin_secs: 300,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// Configuration for AWS Bedrock (native Converse API).
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct BedrockConfig {
@@ -134,6 +165,8 @@ pub struct LlmConfig {
     pub provider: Option<RegistryProviderConfig>,
     /// AWS Bedrock config (populated when backend=bedrock, requires --features bedrock).
     pub bedrock: Option<BedrockConfig>,
+    /// OpenAI Codex config (populated when backend=openai_codex).
+    pub openai_codex: Option<OpenAiCodexConfig>,
     /// HTTP request timeout in seconds for LLM API calls.
     /// Default: 120. Increase for local LLMs (Ollama, vLLM, LM Studio) that
     /// need more time for prompt evaluation on consumer hardware.
@@ -204,8 +237,7 @@ impl NearAiConfig {
     /// appropriate base URL (cloud-api when API key is present,
     /// private.near.ai for session-token auth).
     pub(crate) fn for_model_discovery() -> Self {
-        let api_key = std::env::var("NEARAI_API_KEY")
-            .ok()
+        let api_key = crate::config::helpers::env_or_override("NEARAI_API_KEY")
             .filter(|k| !k.is_empty())
             .map(SecretString::from);
 
@@ -214,8 +246,8 @@ impl NearAiConfig {
         } else {
             "https://private.near.ai"
         };
-        let base_url =
-            std::env::var("NEARAI_BASE_URL").unwrap_or_else(|_| default_base.to_string());
+        let base_url = crate::config::helpers::env_or_override("NEARAI_BASE_URL")
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| default_base.to_string());
 
         Self {
             model: String::new(),

src/llm/github_copilot.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,712 @@
+//! GitHub Copilot provider (direct HTTP with token exchange).
+//!
+//! The GitHub Copilot API at `api.githubcopilot.com` speaks OpenAI Chat
+//! Completions format but requires a two-step authentication flow:
+//! 1. A long-lived GitHub OAuth token (from device login or IDE sign-in)
+//! 2. A short-lived Copilot session token (exchanged via GitHub API)
+//!
+//! The standard OpenAI rig-core client sends `Authorization: Bearer <token>`
+//! with the raw OAuth token, which gets rejected with "Authorization header
+//! is badly formatted". This provider handles the token exchange transparently.
+
+use std::collections::HashSet;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use reqwest::Client;
+use rust_decimal::Decimal;
+use secrecy::ExposeSecret;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+use crate::llm::config::RegistryProviderConfig;
+use crate::llm::costs;
+use crate::llm::error::LlmError;
+use crate::llm::github_copilot_auth::CopilotTokenManager;
+use crate::llm::provider::{
+    ChatMessage, CompletionRequest, CompletionResponse, ContentPart, FinishReason, LlmProvider,
+    Role, ToolCall, ToolCompletionRequest, ToolCompletionResponse,
+    strip_unsupported_completion_params, strip_unsupported_tool_params,
+};
+
+/// GitHub Copilot provider with automatic token exchange.
+pub struct GithubCopilotProvider {
+    client: Client,
+    token_manager: Arc<CopilotTokenManager>,
+    model: String,
+    base_url: String,
+    active_model: std::sync::RwLock<String>,
+    extra_headers: Vec<(String, String)>,
+    /// Parameter names that this provider does not support.
+    unsupported_params: HashSet<String>,
+}
+
+impl GithubCopilotProvider {
+    pub fn new(
+        config: &RegistryProviderConfig,
+        request_timeout_secs: u64,
+    ) -> Result<Self, LlmError> {
+        let oauth_token = config
+            .api_key
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(|k| k.expose_secret().to_string())
+            .ok_or_else(|| {
+                tracing::error!("No API key configured for github_copilot — check GITHUB_COPILOT_TOKEN env var or secrets store");
+                LlmError::AuthFailed {
+                    provider: "github_copilot".to_string(),
+                }
+            })?;
+
+        let client = Client::builder()
+            .timeout(std::time::Duration::from_secs(request_timeout_secs))
+            .build()
+            .map_err(|e| LlmError::RequestFailed {
+                provider: "github_copilot".to_string(),
+                reason: format!("Failed to build HTTP client: {e}"),
+            })?;
+
+        let token_manager = Arc::new(CopilotTokenManager::new(client.clone(), oauth_token));
+
+        let base_url = if config.base_url.is_empty() {
+            "https://api.githubcopilot.com".to_string()
+        } else {
+            config.base_url.clone()
+        };
+
+        let active_model = std::sync::RwLock::new(config.model.clone());
+        let unsupported_params: HashSet<String> =
+            config.unsupported_params.iter().cloned().collect();
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            client,
+            token_manager,
+            model: config.model.clone(),
+            base_url,
+            active_model,
+            extra_headers: config.extra_headers.clone(),
+            unsupported_params,
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn api_url(&self) -> String {
+        let base = self.base_url.trim_end_matches('/');
+        format!("{base}/chat/completions")
+    }
+
+    /// Strip unsupported fields from a `CompletionRequest` in place.
+    fn strip_unsupported_completion_params(&self, req: &mut CompletionRequest) {
+        strip_unsupported_completion_params(&self.unsupported_params, req);
+    }
+
+    /// Strip unsupported fields from a `ToolCompletionRequest` in place.
+    fn strip_unsupported_tool_params(&self, req: &mut ToolCompletionRequest) {
+        strip_unsupported_tool_params(&self.unsupported_params, req);
+    }
+
+    async fn send_request<R: for<'de> Deserialize<'de>>(
+        &self,
+        body: &impl Serialize,
+    ) -> Result<R, LlmError> {
+        let url = self.api_url();
+        // Map token exchange failures to RequestFailed (retryable) rather than
+        // AuthFailed (non-retryable), since transient network errors during
+        // exchange should be retried by RetryProvider.
+        let token = self.token_manager.get_token().await.map_err(|e| {
+            tracing::warn!(error = %e, "Copilot: token exchange failed");
+            LlmError::RequestFailed {
+                provider: "github_copilot".to_string(),
+                reason: format!("Token exchange failed: {e}"),
+            }
+        })?;
+
+        let mut request = self
+            .client
+            .post(&url)
+            .bearer_auth(token.expose_secret())
+            .header("Content-Type", "application/json");
+
+        // Inject Copilot identity headers
+        for (key, value) in &self.extra_headers {
+            request = request.header(key.as_str(), value.as_str());
+        }
+
+        let response = request.json(body).send().await.map_err(|e| {
+            tracing::warn!(error = %e, "Copilot: HTTP request failed");
+            LlmError::RequestFailed {
+                provider: "github_copilot".to_string(),
+                reason: e.to_string(),
+            }
+        })?;
+
+        let status = response.status();
+
+        if !status.is_success() {
+            // Use shared retry-after parser (supports HTTP-date, default 60s)
+            let retry_after = Some(crate::llm::retry::parse_retry_after(
+                response.headers().get(reqwest::header::RETRY_AFTER),
+            ));
+
+            let response_text = response
+                .text()
+                .await
+                .unwrap_or_else(|e| format!("(failed to read error body: {e})"));
+
+            tracing::warn!(
+                status = %status,
+                body = %crate::agent::truncate_for_preview(&response_text, 256),
+                "Copilot: API error response"
+            );
+
+            if status.as_u16() == 401 {
+                // Invalidate the cached session token and retry once with a
+                // fresh exchange — stale tokens are the most common 401 cause.
+                tracing::warn!("Copilot: 401 Unauthorized — invalidating session token, retrying");
+                self.token_manager.invalidate().await;
+                let fresh = self.token_manager.get_token().await.map_err(|e| {
+                    tracing::warn!(error = %e, "Copilot: re-exchange after 401 failed");
+                    LlmError::RequestFailed {
+                        provider: "github_copilot".to_string(),
+                        reason: format!("Token re-exchange after 401 failed: {e}"),
+                    }
+                })?;
+                let mut retry_req = self
+                    .client
+                    .post(&url)
+                    .bearer_auth(fresh.expose_secret())
+                    .header("Content-Type", "application/json");
+                for (key, value) in &self.extra_headers {
+                    retry_req = retry_req.header(key.as_str(), value.as_str());
+                }
+                let retry =
+                    retry_req
+                        .json(body)
+                        .send()
+                        .await
+                        .map_err(|e| LlmError::RequestFailed {
+                            provider: "github_copilot".to_string(),
+                            reason: format!("Retry after 401 failed: {e}"),
+                        })?;
+                if retry.status().is_success() {
+                    let text = retry.text().await.map_err(|e| LlmError::RequestFailed {
+                        provider: "github_copilot".to_string(),
+                        reason: format!("Failed to read retry response body: {e}"),
+                    })?;
+                    return serde_json::from_str(&text).map_err(|e| {
+                        let truncated = crate::agent::truncate_for_preview(&text, 512);
+                        LlmError::InvalidResponse {
+                            provider: "github_copilot".to_string(),
+                            reason: format!("JSON parse error: {e}. Raw: {truncated}"),
+                        }
+                    });
+                }
+                let retry_status = retry.status();
+                tracing::warn!(
+                    status = %retry_status,
+                    "Copilot: 401 retry also failed"
+                );
+                return Err(LlmError::AuthFailed {
+                    provider: "github_copilot".to_string(),
+                });
+            }
+            if status.as_u16() == 429 {
+                tracing::warn!(retry_after = ?retry_after, "Copilot: rate limited");
+                return Err(LlmError::RateLimited {
+                    provider: "github_copilot".to_string(),
+                    retry_after,
+                });
+            }
+            let truncated = crate::agent::truncate_for_preview(&response_text, 512);
+            return Err(LlmError::RequestFailed {
+                provider: "github_copilot".to_string(),
+                reason: format!("HTTP {status}: {truncated}"),
+            });
+        }
+
+        let response_text = response.text().await.map_err(|e| LlmError::RequestFailed {
+            provider: "github_copilot".to_string(),
+            reason: format!("Failed to read response body: {e}"),
+        })?;
+
+        serde_json::from_str(&response_text).map_err(|e| {
+            let truncated = crate::agent::truncate_for_preview(&response_text, 512);
+            tracing::warn!(
+                error = %e,
+                body = %truncated,
+                "Copilot: failed to parse response JSON"
+            );
+            LlmError::InvalidResponse {
+                provider: "github_copilot".to_string(),
+                reason: format!("JSON parse error: {e}. Raw: {truncated}"),
+            }
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl LlmProvider for GithubCopilotProvider {
+    async fn complete(&self, mut req: CompletionRequest) -> Result<CompletionResponse, LlmError> {
+        let model = req.model.take().unwrap_or_else(|| self.active_model_name());
+        self.strip_unsupported_completion_params(&mut req);
+        let messages = convert_messages(req.messages);
+
+        let request = OpenAiRequest {
+            model,
+            messages,
+            max_tokens: req.max_tokens,
+            temperature: req.temperature,
+            stop: req.stop_sequences,
+            tools: None,
+            tool_choice: None,
+        };
+
+        let response: OpenAiResponse = self.send_request(&request).await?;
+        let choice =
+            response
+                .choices
+                .into_iter()
+                .next()
+                .ok_or_else(|| LlmError::InvalidResponse {
+                    provider: "github_copilot".to_string(),
+                    reason: "No choices in response".to_string(),
+                })?;
+
+        let (content, _tool_calls) = extract_choice_content(&choice);
+
+        let finish_reason = match choice.finish_reason.as_deref() {
+            Some("stop") => FinishReason::Stop,
+            Some("length") => FinishReason::Length,
+            Some("tool_calls") => FinishReason::ToolUse,
+            Some("content_filter") => FinishReason::ContentFilter,
+            _ => FinishReason::Unknown,
+        };
+
+        Ok(CompletionResponse {
+            content: content.unwrap_or_default(),
+            finish_reason,
+            input_tokens: response
+                .usage
+                .as_ref()
+                .map(|u| u.prompt_tokens)
+                .unwrap_or(0),
+            output_tokens: response
+                .usage
+                .as_ref()
+                .map(|u| u.completion_tokens)
+                .unwrap_or(0),
+            cache_creation_input_tokens: 0,
+            cache_read_input_tokens: 0,
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn complete_with_tools(
+        &self,
+        mut req: ToolCompletionRequest,
+    ) -> Result<ToolCompletionResponse, LlmError> {
+        let model = req.model.take().unwrap_or_else(|| self.active_model_name());
+        self.strip_unsupported_tool_params(&mut req);
+        let messages = convert_messages(req.messages);
+
+        let tools: Vec<OpenAiTool> = req
+            .tools
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|t| OpenAiTool {
+                tool_type: "function".to_string(),
+                function: OpenAiFunction {
+                    name: t.name,
+                    description: t.description,
+                    parameters: t.parameters,
+                },
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        let tool_choice = req.tool_choice.map(|tc| match tc.as_str() {
+            "auto" | "required" | "none" => serde_json::Value::String(tc),
+            specific => serde_json::json!({
+                "type": "function",
+                "function": {"name": specific}
+            }),
+        });
+
+        let request = OpenAiRequest {
+            model,
+            messages,
+            max_tokens: req.max_tokens,
+            temperature: req.temperature,
+            stop: req.stop_sequences,
+            tools: if tools.is_empty() { None } else { Some(tools) },
+            tool_choice,
+        };
+
+        let response: OpenAiResponse = self.send_request(&request).await?;
+        let choice =
+            response
+                .choices
+                .into_iter()
+                .next()
+                .ok_or_else(|| LlmError::InvalidResponse {
+                    provider: "github_copilot".to_string(),
+                    reason: "No choices in response".to_string(),
+                })?;
+
+        let (content, tool_calls) = extract_choice_content(&choice);
+
+        let finish_reason = match choice.finish_reason.as_deref() {
+            Some("stop") => FinishReason::Stop,
+            Some("length") => FinishReason::Length,
+            Some("tool_calls") => FinishReason::ToolUse,
+            Some("content_filter") => FinishReason::ContentFilter,
+            _ => {
+                if !tool_calls.is_empty() {
+                    FinishReason::ToolUse
+                } else {
+                    FinishReason::Unknown
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        Ok(ToolCompletionResponse {
+            content,
+            tool_calls,
+            finish_reason,
+            input_tokens: response
+                .usage
+                .as_ref()
+                .map(|u| u.prompt_tokens)
+                .unwrap_or(0),
+            output_tokens: response
+                .usage
+                .as_ref()
+                .map(|u| u.completion_tokens)
+                .unwrap_or(0),
+            cache_creation_input_tokens: 0,
+            cache_read_input_tokens: 0,
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn model_name(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.model
+    }
+
+    fn cost_per_token(&self) -> (Decimal, Decimal) {
+        let model = self.active_model_name();
+        costs::model_cost(&model).unwrap_or_else(costs::default_cost)
+    }
+
+    fn active_model_name(&self) -> String {
+        match self.active_model.read() {
+            Ok(guard) => guard.clone(),
+            Err(poisoned) => poisoned.into_inner().clone(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn set_model(&self, model: &str) -> Result<(), LlmError> {
+        match self.active_model.write() {
+            Ok(mut guard) => {
+                *guard = model.to_string();
+            }
+            Err(poisoned) => {
+                *poisoned.into_inner() = model.to_string();
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+// --- OpenAI Chat Completions API types ---
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+struct OpenAiRequest {
+    model: String,
+    messages: Vec<OpenAiMessage>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    max_tokens: Option<u32>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    temperature: Option<f32>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    stop: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    tools: Option<Vec<OpenAiTool>>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    tool_choice: Option<serde_json::Value>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+struct OpenAiMessage {
+    role: String,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    content: Option<OpenAiContent>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    tool_calls: Option<Vec<OpenAiToolCall>>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    tool_call_id: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    name: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// OpenAI content can be a plain string or an array of parts (for multimodal).
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(untagged)]
+enum OpenAiContent {
+    Text(String),
+    Parts(Vec<OpenAiContentPart>),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(tag = "type")]
+enum OpenAiContentPart {
+    #[serde(rename = "text")]
+    Text { text: String },
+    #[serde(rename = "image_url")]
+    ImageUrl { image_url: OpenAiImageUrl },
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+struct OpenAiImageUrl {
+    url: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+struct OpenAiToolCall {
+    id: String,
+    #[serde(rename = "type")]
+    call_type: String,
+    function: OpenAiToolCallFunction,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+struct OpenAiToolCallFunction {
+    name: String,
+    arguments: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+struct OpenAiTool {
+    #[serde(rename = "type")]
+    tool_type: String,
+    function: OpenAiFunction,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+struct OpenAiFunction {
+    name: String,
+    description: String,
+    parameters: serde_json::Value,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+struct OpenAiResponse {
+    choices: Vec<OpenAiChoice>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    usage: Option<OpenAiUsage>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+struct OpenAiChoice {
+    message: OpenAiResponseMessage,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    finish_reason: Option<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+struct OpenAiResponseMessage {
+    #[serde(default)]
+    content: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    tool_calls: Option<Vec<OpenAiResponseToolCall>>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+struct OpenAiResponseToolCall {
+    id: String,
+    function: OpenAiResponseFunction,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+struct OpenAiResponseFunction {
+    name: String,
+    arguments: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+struct OpenAiUsage {
+    #[serde(default)]
+    prompt_tokens: u32,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    completion_tokens: u32,
+}
+
+/// Convert IronClaw messages to OpenAI Chat Completions format.
+fn convert_messages(messages: Vec<ChatMessage>) -> Vec<OpenAiMessage> {
+    messages
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|msg| match msg.role {
+            Role::System => OpenAiMessage {
+                role: "system".to_string(),
+                content: Some(OpenAiContent::Text(msg.content)),
+                tool_calls: None,
+                tool_call_id: None,
+                name: None,
+            },
+            Role::User => {
+                let content = if msg.content_parts.is_empty() {
+                    Some(OpenAiContent::Text(msg.content))
+                } else {
+                    let mut parts = Vec::with_capacity(1 + msg.content_parts.len());
+                    if !msg.content.is_empty() {
+                        parts.push(OpenAiContentPart::Text { text: msg.content });
+                    }
+                    for part in msg.content_parts {
+                        match part {
+                            ContentPart::Text { text } => {
+                                parts.push(OpenAiContentPart::Text { text });
+                            }
+                            ContentPart::ImageUrl { image_url } => {
+                                parts.push(OpenAiContentPart::ImageUrl {
+                                    image_url: OpenAiImageUrl { url: image_url.url },
+                                });
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Some(OpenAiContent::Parts(parts))
+                };
+                OpenAiMessage {
+                    role: "user".to_string(),
+                    content,
+                    tool_calls: None,
+                    tool_call_id: None,
+                    name: None,
+                }
+            }
+            Role::Assistant => {
+                let tool_calls = msg.tool_calls.map(|calls| {
+                    calls
+                        .into_iter()
+                        .map(|tc| OpenAiToolCall {
+                            id: tc.id,
+                            call_type: "function".to_string(),
+                            function: OpenAiToolCallFunction {
+                                name: tc.name,
+                                arguments: tc.arguments.to_string(),
+                            },
+                        })
+                        .collect()
+                });
+                let content = if msg.content.is_empty() {
+                    None
+                } else {
+                    Some(OpenAiContent::Text(msg.content))
+                };
+                OpenAiMessage {
+                    role: "assistant".to_string(),
+                    content,
+                    tool_calls,
+                    tool_call_id: None,
+                    name: None,
+                }
+            }
+            Role::Tool => OpenAiMessage {
+                role: "tool".to_string(),
+                content: Some(OpenAiContent::Text(msg.content)),
+                tool_calls: None,
+                tool_call_id: msg.tool_call_id,
+                name: msg.name,
+            },
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
+
+/// Extract text and tool calls from an OpenAI response choice.
+fn extract_choice_content(choice: &OpenAiChoice) -> (Option<String>, Vec<ToolCall>) {
+    let content = choice.message.content.clone();
+    let tool_calls = choice
+        .message
+        .tool_calls
+        .as_ref()
+        .map(|calls| {
+            calls
+                .iter()
+                .map(|tc| ToolCall {
+                    id: tc.id.clone(),
+                    name: tc.function.name.clone(),
+                    arguments: serde_json::from_str(&tc.function.arguments)
+                        .unwrap_or(serde_json::Value::Object(serde_json::Map::new())),
+                })
+                .collect()
+        })
+        .unwrap_or_default();
+
+    (content, tool_calls)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_convert_messages_basic() {
+        let messages = vec![
+            ChatMessage::system("You are helpful."),
+            ChatMessage::user("Hello"),
+            ChatMessage::assistant("Hi there!"),
+        ];
+        let converted = convert_messages(messages);
+        assert_eq!(converted.len(), 3);
+        assert_eq!(converted[0].role, "system");
+        assert_eq!(converted[1].role, "user");
+        assert_eq!(converted[2].role, "assistant");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_convert_messages_tool_calls() {
+        let tool_calls = vec![ToolCall {
+            id: "call_1".to_string(),
+            name: "search".to_string(),
+            arguments: serde_json::json!({"q": "test"}),
+        }];
+        let messages = vec![
+            ChatMessage::user("Search"),
+            ChatMessage::assistant_with_tool_calls(Some("Searching...".to_string()), tool_calls),
+            ChatMessage::tool_result("call_1", "search", "found it"),
+        ];
+        let converted = convert_messages(messages);
+        assert_eq!(converted.len(), 3);
+        assert!(converted[1].tool_calls.is_some());
+        assert_eq!(converted[2].role, "tool");
+        assert_eq!(converted[2].tool_call_id, Some("call_1".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_extract_choice_text_only() {
+        let choice = OpenAiChoice {
+            message: OpenAiResponseMessage {
+                content: Some("Hello!".to_string()),
+                tool_calls: None,
+            },
+            finish_reason: Some("stop".to_string()),
+        };
+        let (content, tool_calls) = extract_choice_content(&choice);
+        assert_eq!(content, Some("Hello!".to_string()));
+        assert!(tool_calls.is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_extract_choice_with_tool_calls() {
+        let choice = OpenAiChoice {
+            message: OpenAiResponseMessage {
+                content: Some("Let me search.".to_string()),
+                tool_calls: Some(vec![OpenAiResponseToolCall {
+                    id: "call_1".to_string(),
+                    function: OpenAiResponseFunction {
+                        name: "search".to_string(),
+                        arguments: r#"{"q":"test"}"#.to_string(),
+                    },
+                }]),
+            },
+            finish_reason: Some("tool_calls".to_string()),
+        };
+        let (content, tool_calls) = extract_choice_content(&choice);
+        assert_eq!(content, Some("Let me search.".to_string()));
+        assert_eq!(tool_calls.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(tool_calls[0].name, "search");
+        assert_eq!(tool_calls[0].arguments["q"], "test");
+    }
+}

src/llm/github_copilot_auth.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,740 @@
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use secrecy::{ExposeSecret, SecretString};
+use serde::Deserialize;
+use tokio::sync::RwLock;
+
+// ─── Risk: hardcoded VS Code Copilot identity ───────────────────────────────
+//
+// The client ID and editor identity headers below are extracted from the
+// VS Code Copilot Chat extension.  This is the *only* publicly documented
+// way to access the Copilot completions API with a personal GitHub token.
+//
+// **Known risks:**
+//   • GitHub may rotate or revoke this client ID at any time, which would
+//     break authentication for all IronClaw users until the constant is
+//     updated and a new release is shipped.
+//   • Using another product's client ID may violate GitHub's Terms of
+//     Service.  Maintainers should seek explicit guidance from GitHub
+//     before shipping this to a wide audience.
+//   • The editor version strings (`vscode/1.99.3`, `copilot-chat/0.26.7`)
+//     will become stale and could eventually be rejected by the API.
+//
+// **Mitigation:** If GitHub publishes an official Copilot API client ID or
+// an OAuth app registration flow for third-party tools, migrate to it
+// immediately.
+// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+pub const GITHUB_COPILOT_CLIENT_ID: &str = "Iv1.b507a08c87ecfe98";
+pub const GITHUB_COPILOT_SCOPE: &str = "read:user";
+pub const GITHUB_COPILOT_DEVICE_CODE_URL: &str = "https://github.com/login/device/code";
+pub const GITHUB_COPILOT_ACCESS_TOKEN_URL: &str = "https://github.com/login/oauth/access_token";
+pub const GITHUB_COPILOT_MODELS_URL: &str = "https://api.githubcopilot.com/models";
+pub const GITHUB_COPILOT_TOKEN_URL: &str = "https://api.github.com/copilot_internal/v2/token";
+pub const GITHUB_COPILOT_USER_AGENT: &str = "GitHubCopilotChat/0.26.7";
+pub const GITHUB_COPILOT_EDITOR_VERSION: &str = "vscode/1.99.3";
+pub const GITHUB_COPILOT_EDITOR_PLUGIN_VERSION: &str = "copilot-chat/0.26.7";
+pub const GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: &str = "vscode-chat";
+
+/// Buffer before token expiry to trigger a refresh (5 minutes).
+const TOKEN_REFRESH_BUFFER_SECS: u64 = 300;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
+pub struct DeviceCodeResponse {
+    pub device_code: String,
+    pub user_code: String,
+    pub verification_uri: String,
+    pub expires_in: u64,
+    #[serde(default = "default_poll_interval_secs")]
+    pub interval: u64,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
+struct AccessTokenResponse {
+    access_token: Option<String>,
+    error: Option<String>,
+    error_description: Option<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum GithubCopilotAuthError {
+    #[error("failed to start device login: {0}")]
+    DeviceCodeRequest(String),
+    #[error("failed to poll device login: {0}")]
+    TokenPolling(String),
+    #[error("device login was denied")]
+    AccessDenied,
+    #[error("device login expired before authorization completed")]
+    Expired,
+    #[error("github copilot token validation failed: {0}")]
+    Validation(String),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum DevicePollingStatus {
+    Pending,
+    SlowDown,
+    Authorized(String),
+}
+
+pub fn default_headers() -> Vec<(String, String)> {
+    vec![
+        (
+            "User-Agent".to_string(),
+            GITHUB_COPILOT_USER_AGENT.to_string(),
+        ),
+        (
+            "Editor-Version".to_string(),
+            GITHUB_COPILOT_EDITOR_VERSION.to_string(),
+        ),
+        (
+            "Editor-Plugin-Version".to_string(),
+            GITHUB_COPILOT_EDITOR_PLUGIN_VERSION.to_string(),
+        ),
+        (
+            "Copilot-Integration-Id".to_string(),
+            GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID.to_string(),
+        ),
+    ]
+}
+
+pub fn default_poll_interval_secs() -> u64 {
+    5
+}
+
+pub async fn request_device_code(
+    client: &reqwest::Client,
+) -> Result<DeviceCodeResponse, GithubCopilotAuthError> {
+    let response = client
+        .post(GITHUB_COPILOT_DEVICE_CODE_URL)
+        .header(reqwest::header::ACCEPT, "application/json")
+        .header(reqwest::header::USER_AGENT, GITHUB_COPILOT_USER_AGENT)
+        .form(&[
+            ("client_id", GITHUB_COPILOT_CLIENT_ID),
+            ("scope", GITHUB_COPILOT_SCOPE),
+        ])
+        .send()
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| {
+            tracing::warn!(
+                error = %e,
+                is_timeout = e.is_timeout(),
+                is_connect = e.is_connect(),
+                url = %GITHUB_COPILOT_DEVICE_CODE_URL,
+                "Copilot: device code request failed"
+            );
+            GithubCopilotAuthError::DeviceCodeRequest(format_reqwest_error(&e))
+        })?;
+
+    if !response.status().is_success() {
+        let status = response.status();
+        let body = response.text().await.unwrap_or_default();
+        tracing::warn!(
+            status = %status,
+            body = %truncate_for_error(&body),
+            "Copilot: device code endpoint returned error"
+        );
+        return Err(GithubCopilotAuthError::DeviceCodeRequest(format!(
+            "HTTP {status}: {}",
+            truncate_for_error(&body)
+        )));
+    }
+
+    let device = response
+        .json::<DeviceCodeResponse>()
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| GithubCopilotAuthError::DeviceCodeRequest(e.to_string()))?;
+
+    Ok(device)
+}
+
+pub async fn poll_for_access_token(
+    client: &reqwest::Client,
+    device_code: &str,
+) -> Result<DevicePollingStatus, GithubCopilotAuthError> {
+    let response = client
+        .post(GITHUB_COPILOT_ACCESS_TOKEN_URL)
+        .header(reqwest::header::ACCEPT, "application/json")
+        .header(reqwest::header::USER_AGENT, GITHUB_COPILOT_USER_AGENT)
+        .form(&[
+            ("client_id", GITHUB_COPILOT_CLIENT_ID),
+            ("device_code", device_code),
+            ("grant_type", "urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:device_code"),
+        ])
+        .send()
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| {
+            tracing::warn!(
+                error = %e,
+                is_timeout = e.is_timeout(),
+                is_connect = e.is_connect(),
+                url = %GITHUB_COPILOT_ACCESS_TOKEN_URL,
+                "Copilot: poll request failed"
+            );
+            GithubCopilotAuthError::TokenPolling(format_reqwest_error(&e))
+        })?;
+
+    if !response.status().is_success() {
+        let status = response.status();
+        let body = response.text().await.unwrap_or_default();
+        tracing::warn!(
+            status = %status,
+            body = %truncate_for_error(&body),
+            "Copilot: poll endpoint returned error"
+        );
+        return Err(GithubCopilotAuthError::TokenPolling(format!(
+            "HTTP {status}: {}",
+            truncate_for_error(&body)
+        )));
+    }
+
+    let body = response
+        .json::<AccessTokenResponse>()
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| GithubCopilotAuthError::TokenPolling(e.to_string()))?;
+
+    if let Some(token) = body.access_token {
+        return Ok(DevicePollingStatus::Authorized(token));
+    }
+
+    match body.error.as_deref() {
+        Some("authorization_pending") | None => Ok(DevicePollingStatus::Pending),
+        Some("slow_down") => {
+            tracing::debug!("Copilot: GitHub requested slow_down, increasing poll interval");
+            Ok(DevicePollingStatus::SlowDown)
+        }
+        Some("access_denied") => {
+            tracing::warn!("Copilot: device login was denied by user");
+            Err(GithubCopilotAuthError::AccessDenied)
+        }
+        Some("expired_token") => {
+            tracing::warn!("Copilot: device code expired before authorization");
+            Err(GithubCopilotAuthError::Expired)
+        }
+        Some(other) => {
+            let desc = body
+                .error_description
+                .filter(|description| !description.is_empty())
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| other.to_string());
+            tracing::warn!(error = %other, description = %desc, "Copilot: unexpected poll error");
+            Err(GithubCopilotAuthError::TokenPolling(desc))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Maximum consecutive transient poll failures before giving up.
+const MAX_POLL_FAILURES: u32 = 5;
+
+pub async fn wait_for_device_login(
+    client: &reqwest::Client,
+    device: &DeviceCodeResponse,
+) -> Result<String, GithubCopilotAuthError> {
+    let expires_at = std::time::Instant::now()
+        .checked_add(Duration::from_secs(device.expires_in))
+        .ok_or(GithubCopilotAuthError::Expired)?;
+    let mut poll_interval = device.interval.max(1);
+    let mut consecutive_failures: u32 = 0;
+
+    loop {
+        if std::time::Instant::now() >= expires_at {
+            tracing::warn!("Copilot: device login expired");
+            return Err(GithubCopilotAuthError::Expired);
+        }
+
+        tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(poll_interval)).await;
+
+        match poll_for_access_token(client, &device.device_code).await {
+            Ok(DevicePollingStatus::Pending) => {
+                consecutive_failures = 0;
+            }
+            Ok(DevicePollingStatus::SlowDown) => {
+                consecutive_failures = 0;
+                poll_interval = poll_interval.saturating_add(5);
+            }
+            Ok(DevicePollingStatus::Authorized(token)) => {
+                return Ok(token);
+            }
+            // Definitive failures — propagate immediately
+            Err(GithubCopilotAuthError::AccessDenied) => {
+                return Err(GithubCopilotAuthError::AccessDenied);
+            }
+            Err(GithubCopilotAuthError::Expired) => {
+                return Err(GithubCopilotAuthError::Expired);
+            }
+            // Transient failures — retry with backoff
+            Err(e) => {
+                consecutive_failures += 1;
+                tracing::warn!(
+                    error = %e,
+                    attempt = consecutive_failures,
+                    max = MAX_POLL_FAILURES,
+                    "Copilot: transient poll failure, will retry"
+                );
+                if consecutive_failures >= MAX_POLL_FAILURES {
+                    tracing::error!(
+                        error = %e,
+                        "Copilot: too many consecutive poll failures, giving up"
+                    );
+                    return Err(e);
+                }
+                // Back off on transient errors
+                poll_interval = (poll_interval + 2).min(30);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Validate a GitHub OAuth token by performing the Copilot token exchange.
+///
+/// This exchanges the raw OAuth token for a Copilot session token (proving the
+/// token is valid and the user has Copilot access), then verifies the session
+/// token works against the models endpoint.
+pub async fn validate_token(
+    client: &reqwest::Client,
+    token: &str,
+) -> Result<(), GithubCopilotAuthError> {
+    // Step 1: Exchange the OAuth token for a Copilot session token.
+    // This validates both that the OAuth token is valid and that the user
+    // has an active Copilot subscription.
+    let session = exchange_copilot_token(client, token).await?;
+    // Step 2: Verify the session token works against the models endpoint.
+    let mut request = client
+        .get(GITHUB_COPILOT_MODELS_URL)
+        .bearer_auth(&session.token)
+        .timeout(Duration::from_secs(15));
+
+    for (key, value) in default_headers() {
+        request = request.header(&key, value);
+    }
+
+    let response = request.send().await.map_err(|e| {
+        tracing::warn!(
+            error = %e,
+            is_timeout = e.is_timeout(),
+            is_connect = e.is_connect(),
+            "Copilot: models endpoint request failed"
+        );
+        GithubCopilotAuthError::Validation(format_reqwest_error(&e))
+    })?;
+
+    if response.status().is_success() {
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    let status = response.status();
+    let body = response.text().await.unwrap_or_default();
+    tracing::warn!(
+        status = %status,
+        body = %truncate_for_error(&body),
+        "Copilot: models endpoint returned error during validation"
+    );
+    Err(GithubCopilotAuthError::Validation(format!(
+        "HTTP {status}: {}",
+        truncate_for_error(&body)
+    )))
+}
+
+/// Response from the Copilot token exchange endpoint.
+///
+/// The `token` field is an HMAC-signed session token (not a JWT) used as
+/// `Authorization: Bearer <token>` for requests to `api.githubcopilot.com`.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
+pub struct CopilotTokenResponse {
+    /// The Copilot session token (HMAC-signed, not a JWT).
+    pub token: String,
+    /// Unix timestamp (seconds) when this token expires.
+    pub expires_at: u64,
+}
+
+/// Exchange a GitHub OAuth token for a Copilot API session token.
+///
+/// Calls `GET https://api.github.com/copilot_internal/v2/token` with the
+/// GitHub OAuth token in `Authorization: token <oauth_token>` format.
+/// Returns a short-lived session token for `api.githubcopilot.com`.
+pub async fn exchange_copilot_token(
+    client: &reqwest::Client,
+    oauth_token: &str,
+) -> Result<CopilotTokenResponse, GithubCopilotAuthError> {
+    let token_trimmed = oauth_token.trim();
+    let mut request = client
+        .get(GITHUB_COPILOT_TOKEN_URL)
+        .header(reqwest::header::ACCEPT, "application/json")
+        // GitHub Copilot uses `token` auth scheme, not `Bearer`
+        .header(
+            reqwest::header::AUTHORIZATION,
+            format!("token {token_trimmed}"),
+        )
+        .timeout(Duration::from_secs(15));
+
+    for (key, value) in default_headers() {
+        request = request.header(&key, value);
+    }
+
+    let response = request.send().await.map_err(|e| {
+        tracing::warn!(
+            error = %e,
+            is_timeout = e.is_timeout(),
+            is_connect = e.is_connect(),
+            "Copilot: token exchange HTTP request failed"
+        );
+        GithubCopilotAuthError::Validation(format_reqwest_error(&e))
+    })?;
+
+    if !response.status().is_success() {
+        let status = response.status();
+        let body = response.text().await.unwrap_or_default();
+        tracing::warn!(
+            status = %status,
+            body = %truncate_for_error(&body),
+            "Copilot: token exchange endpoint returned error"
+        );
+        return Err(GithubCopilotAuthError::Validation(format!(
+            "Copilot token exchange failed: HTTP {status}: {}",
+            truncate_for_error(&body)
+        )));
+    }
+
+    let token_response = response.json::<CopilotTokenResponse>().await.map_err(|e| {
+        tracing::warn!(error = %e, "Copilot: failed to parse token exchange response");
+        GithubCopilotAuthError::Validation(e.to_string())
+    })?;
+
+    Ok(token_response)
+}
+
+/// Manages a cached Copilot API session token with automatic refresh.
+///
+/// The GitHub Copilot API requires a two-step authentication:
+/// 1. A long-lived GitHub OAuth token (from device login or IDE sign-in)
+/// 2. A short-lived Copilot session token (exchanged via `/copilot_internal/v2/token`)
+///
+/// This manager caches the session token and refreshes it automatically
+/// before it expires (with a 5-minute buffer).
+pub struct CopilotTokenManager {
+    client: reqwest::Client,
+    oauth_token: SecretString,
+    cached: RwLock<Option<CachedCopilotToken>>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+struct CachedCopilotToken {
+    token: SecretString,
+    expires_at: u64,
+}
+
+fn unix_now() -> u64 {
+    std::time::SystemTime::now()
+        .duration_since(std::time::UNIX_EPOCH)
+        .unwrap_or_default()
+        .as_secs()
+}
+
+impl CopilotTokenManager {
+    /// Create a new token manager with the given GitHub OAuth token.
+    pub fn new(client: reqwest::Client, oauth_token: String) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            client,
+            oauth_token: SecretString::from(oauth_token),
+            cached: RwLock::new(None),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Get a valid Copilot session token, refreshing if needed.
+    ///
+    /// Returns the cached token if it has more than 5 minutes remaining,
+    /// otherwise exchanges the OAuth token for a fresh session token.
+    pub async fn get_token(&self) -> Result<SecretString, GithubCopilotAuthError> {
+        // Fast path: check if cached token is still valid under read lock.
+        {
+            let guard = self.cached.read().await;
+            if let Some(ref cached) = *guard {
+                let now = unix_now();
+                if cached.expires_at > now + TOKEN_REFRESH_BUFFER_SECS {
+                    return Ok(cached.token.clone());
+                }
+                tracing::debug!(
+                    expires_at = cached.expires_at,
+                    now = now,
+                    "Copilot: cached session token expired or expiring soon, refreshing"
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Slow path: acquire write lock and re-check (another caller may have
+        // already refreshed while we waited for the lock).
+        let mut guard = self.cached.write().await;
+        if let Some(ref cached) = *guard {
+            let now = unix_now();
+            if cached.expires_at > now + TOKEN_REFRESH_BUFFER_SECS {
+                return Ok(cached.token.clone());
+            }
+        }
+
+        let response =
+            exchange_copilot_token(&self.client, self.oauth_token.expose_secret()).await?;
+        let token = SecretString::from(response.token);
+
+        let expires_at = response.expires_at;
+        *guard = Some(CachedCopilotToken {
+            token: token.clone(),
+            expires_at,
+        });
+
+        tracing::debug!(expires_at = expires_at, "Copilot session token refreshed");
+
+        Ok(token)
+    }
+
+    /// Invalidate the cached session token.
+    ///
+    /// Called when the API returns 401, so the next `get_token()` call
+    /// will perform a fresh token exchange instead of reusing the stale token.
+    pub async fn invalidate(&self) {
+        let mut guard = self.cached.write().await;
+        *guard = None;
+        tracing::debug!("Copilot session token invalidated");
+    }
+}
+
+fn truncate_for_error(body: &str) -> String {
+    const LIMIT: usize = 200;
+    if body.len() <= LIMIT {
+        return body.to_string();
+    }
+    let end = crate::util::floor_char_boundary(body, LIMIT);
+    format!("{}...", &body[..end])
+}
+
+/// Format a reqwest error with its full causal chain for debugging.
+///
+/// `reqwest::Error::to_string()` often just says "error sending request"
+/// without the underlying cause (timeout, DNS, TLS, connection refused).
+/// This walks the `source()` chain to surface the real problem.
+fn format_reqwest_error(e: &reqwest::Error) -> String {
+    use std::error::Error;
+    let mut msg = e.to_string();
+    let mut source = e.source();
+    while let Some(cause) = source {
+        msg.push_str(&format!(": {cause}"));
+        source = cause.source();
+    }
+    msg
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn default_headers_include_required_identity_headers() {
+        let headers = default_headers();
+        assert!(headers.iter().any(|(key, value)| {
+            key == "Copilot-Integration-Id" && value == GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID
+        }));
+        assert!(
+            headers
+                .iter()
+                .any(|(key, value)| key == "Editor-Version"
+                    && value == GITHUB_COPILOT_EDITOR_VERSION)
+        );
+        assert!(
+            headers
+                .iter()
+                .any(|(key, value)| key == "User-Agent" && value == GITHUB_COPILOT_USER_AGENT)
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn truncate_for_error_preserves_utf8_boundaries() {
+        let long = "日本語".repeat(100);
+        let truncated = truncate_for_error(&long);
+        assert!(truncated.ends_with("..."));
+        assert!(truncated.is_char_boundary(truncated.len() - 3));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn truncate_for_error_short_strings_unchanged() {
+        let short = "hello";
+        assert_eq!(truncate_for_error(short), "hello");
+    }
+
+    // --- poll_for_access_token response parsing ---
+
+    fn parse_access_token_body(json: &str) -> AccessTokenResponse {
+        serde_json::from_str(json).expect("valid JSON")
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_authorization_pending_response() {
+        let body: AccessTokenResponse =
+            parse_access_token_body(r#"{"error": "authorization_pending"}"#);
+        assert!(body.access_token.is_none());
+        assert_eq!(body.error.as_deref(), Some("authorization_pending"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_slow_down_response() {
+        let body: AccessTokenResponse = parse_access_token_body(r#"{"error": "slow_down"}"#);
+        assert_eq!(body.error.as_deref(), Some("slow_down"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_access_denied_response() {
+        let body: AccessTokenResponse = parse_access_token_body(r#"{"error": "access_denied"}"#);
+        assert_eq!(body.error.as_deref(), Some("access_denied"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_expired_token_response() {
+        let body: AccessTokenResponse = parse_access_token_body(r#"{"error": "expired_token"}"#);
+        assert_eq!(body.error.as_deref(), Some("expired_token"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_successful_token_response() {
+        let body: AccessTokenResponse =
+            parse_access_token_body(r#"{"access_token": "ghu_abc123"}"#);
+        assert_eq!(body.access_token.as_deref(), Some("ghu_abc123"));
+        assert!(body.error.is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_error_with_description() {
+        let body: AccessTokenResponse = parse_access_token_body(
+            r#"{"error": "bad_verification_code", "error_description": "The code has expired"}"#,
+        );
+        assert_eq!(body.error.as_deref(), Some("bad_verification_code"));
+        assert_eq!(
+            body.error_description.as_deref(),
+            Some("The code has expired")
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_device_code_response_with_defaults() {
+        let json = r#"{
+            "device_code": "dc_123",
+            "user_code": "ABCD-1234",
+            "verification_uri": "https://github.com/login/device",
+            "expires_in": 900
+        }"#;
+        let resp: DeviceCodeResponse = serde_json::from_str(json).expect("valid JSON");
+        assert_eq!(resp.device_code, "dc_123");
+        assert_eq!(resp.user_code, "ABCD-1234");
+        assert_eq!(resp.interval, 5); // default_poll_interval_secs
+        assert_eq!(resp.expires_in, 900);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_device_code_response_with_custom_interval() {
+        let json = r#"{
+            "device_code": "dc_456",
+            "user_code": "EFGH-5678",
+            "verification_uri": "https://github.com/login/device",
+            "expires_in": 600,
+            "interval": 10
+        }"#;
+        let resp: DeviceCodeResponse = serde_json::from_str(json).expect("valid JSON");
+        assert_eq!(resp.interval, 10);
+    }
+
+    // --- CopilotTokenManager ---
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn token_manager_caches_token_and_returns_same_value() {
+        // Pre-populate the cache with a token that expires far in the future.
+        let client = reqwest::Client::new();
+        let manager = CopilotTokenManager::new(client, "unused_oauth".to_string());
+
+        let far_future = unix_now() + 3600;
+        {
+            let mut guard = manager.cached.write().await;
+            *guard = Some(CachedCopilotToken {
+                token: SecretString::from("cached_session_token".to_string()),
+                expires_at: far_future,
+            });
+        }
+
+        let token = manager.get_token().await.expect("should return cached");
+        assert_eq!(token.expose_secret(), "cached_session_token");
+
+        // A second call should return the same cached token.
+        let token2 = manager.get_token().await.expect("should return cached");
+        assert_eq!(token2.expose_secret(), "cached_session_token");
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn token_manager_invalidation_clears_cache() {
+        let client = reqwest::Client::new();
+        let manager = CopilotTokenManager::new(client, "unused_oauth".to_string());
+
+        let far_future = unix_now() + 3600;
+        {
+            let mut guard = manager.cached.write().await;
+            *guard = Some(CachedCopilotToken {
+                token: SecretString::from("old_token".to_string()),
+                expires_at: far_future,
+            });
+        }
+
+        manager.invalidate().await;
+
+        let guard = manager.cached.read().await;
+        assert!(guard.is_none(), "cache should be empty after invalidation");
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn token_manager_expired_token_triggers_refresh_path() {
+        let client = reqwest::Client::new();
+        let manager = CopilotTokenManager::new(client, "unused_oauth".to_string());
+
+        // Set a token that is already expired (expires_at in the past).
+        {
+            let mut guard = manager.cached.write().await;
+            *guard = Some(CachedCopilotToken {
+                token: SecretString::from("stale_token".to_string()),
+                expires_at: 1, // way in the past
+            });
+        }
+
+        // get_token will try the slow path (token exchange) which will fail
+        // because we have no real server, but this proves the cached stale
+        // token is NOT returned.
+        let result = manager.get_token().await;
+        assert!(
+            result.is_err(),
+            "expired cached token should trigger exchange, which fails without a server"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn token_manager_within_buffer_triggers_refresh() {
+        let client = reqwest::Client::new();
+        let manager = CopilotTokenManager::new(client, "unused_oauth".to_string());
+
+        // Set a token that expires within the refresh buffer window.
+        let expires_soon = unix_now() + TOKEN_REFRESH_BUFFER_SECS - 10;
+        {
+            let mut guard = manager.cached.write().await;
+            *guard = Some(CachedCopilotToken {
+                token: SecretString::from("expiring_soon".to_string()),
+                expires_at: expires_soon,
+            });
+        }
+
+        let result = manager.get_token().await;
+        assert!(
+            result.is_err(),
+            "token within buffer should trigger exchange"
+        );
+    }
+
+    // --- CopilotTokenResponse parsing ---
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_copilot_token_response() {
+        let json = r#"{"token": "tid=abc;exp=999;sku=123;sig=xyz", "expires_at": 1700000000}"#;
+        let resp: CopilotTokenResponse = serde_json::from_str(json).expect("valid JSON");
+        assert!(resp.token.starts_with("tid="));
+        assert_eq!(resp.expires_at, 1700000000);
+    }
+}

src/llm/mod.rs

@@ -18,8 +18,12 @@ pub mod config;
 pub mod costs;
 pub mod error;
 pub mod failover;
+mod github_copilot;
+pub(crate) mod github_copilot_auth;
 mod nearai_chat;
 pub mod oauth_helpers;
+pub mod openai_codex_provider;
+pub mod openai_codex_session;
 mod provider;
 mod reasoning;
 pub mod recording;
@@ -29,6 +33,10 @@ pub mod retry;
 mod rig_adapter;
 pub mod session;
 pub mod smart_routing;
+mod token_refreshing;
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod codex_test_helpers;
 
 pub mod image_models;
 pub mod models;
@@ -37,12 +45,14 @@ pub mod vision_models;
 
 pub use circuit_breaker::{CircuitBreakerConfig, CircuitBreakerProvider};
 pub use config::{
-    BedrockConfig, CacheRetention, LlmConfig, NearAiConfig, OAUTH_PLACEHOLDER,
+    BedrockConfig, CacheRetention, LlmConfig, NearAiConfig, OAUTH_PLACEHOLDER, OpenAiCodexConfig,
     RegistryProviderConfig,
 };
 pub use error::LlmError;
 pub use failover::{CooldownConfig, FailoverProvider};
-pub use nearai_chat::{ModelInfo, NearAiChatProvider};
+pub use nearai_chat::{DEFAULT_MODEL, ModelInfo, NearAiChatProvider, default_models};
+pub use openai_codex_provider::OpenAiCodexProvider;
+pub use openai_codex_session::{OpenAiCodexSession, OpenAiCodexSessionManager};
 pub use provider::{
     ChatMessage, CompletionRequest, CompletionResponse, ContentPart, FinishReason, ImageUrl,
     LlmProvider, ModelMetadata, Role, ToolCall, ToolCompletionRequest, ToolCompletionResponse,
@@ -59,6 +69,7 @@ pub use retry::{RetryConfig, RetryProvider};
 pub use rig_adapter::RigAdapter;
 pub use session::{SessionConfig, SessionManager, create_session_manager};
 pub use smart_routing::{SmartRoutingConfig, SmartRoutingProvider, TaskComplexity};
+pub use token_refreshing::TokenRefreshingProvider;
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
@@ -97,6 +108,15 @@ pub async fn create_llm_provider(
         }
     }
 
+    if config.backend == "openai_codex" {
+        return Err(LlmError::RequestFailed {
+            provider: "openai_codex".to_string(),
+            reason:
+                "OpenAI Codex uses a dedicated factory path. Use build_provider_chain() instead of create_llm_provider()."
+                    .to_string(),
+        });
+    }
+
     let reg_config = config
         .provider
         .as_ref()
@@ -153,6 +173,17 @@ fn create_registry_provider(
         ProviderProtocol::OpenAiCompletions => create_openai_compat_from_registry(config),
         ProviderProtocol::Anthropic => create_anthropic_from_registry(config),
         ProviderProtocol::Ollama => create_ollama_from_registry(config),
+        ProviderProtocol::GithubCopilot => {
+            let provider =
+                github_copilot::GithubCopilotProvider::new(config, request_timeout_secs)?;
+            tracing::debug!(
+                provider = %config.provider_id,
+                model = %config.model,
+                base_url = %config.base_url,
+                "Using GitHub Copilot provider (token exchange)"
+            );
+            Ok(Arc::new(provider))
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -374,6 +405,47 @@ fn create_ollama_from_registry(
     Ok(Arc::new(adapter))
 }
 
+/// Create an OpenAI Codex provider with OAuth authentication.
+///
+/// This is async because it needs to ensure authentication before
+/// creating the provider (which requires a valid Bearer token).
+///
+/// Uses the Responses API (`chatgpt.com/backend-api/codex/responses`)
+/// instead of the Chat Completions API, matching OpenClaw's approach.
+async fn create_openai_codex_provider(
+    config: &LlmConfig,
+) -> Result<Arc<dyn LlmProvider>, LlmError> {
+    let codex = config
+        .openai_codex
+        .as_ref()
+        .ok_or_else(|| LlmError::AuthFailed {
+            provider: "openai_codex".to_string(),
+        })?;
+
+    let session_mgr = Arc::new(OpenAiCodexSessionManager::new(codex.clone())?);
+    session_mgr.ensure_authenticated().await?;
+
+    let token = session_mgr.get_access_token().await?;
+
+    let provider = Arc::new(OpenAiCodexProvider::new(
+        &codex.model,
+        &codex.api_base_url,
+        token.expose_secret(),
+        config.request_timeout_secs,
+    )?);
+
+    tracing::info!(
+        "Using OpenAI Codex (Responses API, model: {}, base: {})",
+        codex.model,
+        codex.api_base_url,
+    );
+
+    Ok(Arc::new(TokenRefreshingProvider::new(
+        provider,
+        session_mgr,
+    )))
+}
+
 /// Create a cheap/fast LLM provider for lightweight tasks (heartbeat, routing, evaluation).
 ///
 /// Resolution order:
@@ -460,7 +532,11 @@ pub async fn build_provider_chain(
     ),
     LlmError,
 > {
-    let llm = create_llm_provider(config, session.clone()).await?;
+    let llm: Arc<dyn LlmProvider> = if config.backend == "openai_codex" {
+        create_openai_codex_provider(config).await?
+    } else {
+        create_llm_provider(config, session.clone()).await?
+    };
     tracing::debug!("LLM provider initialized: {}", llm.model_name());
 
     // 1. Retry
@@ -632,6 +708,7 @@ mod tests {
             request_timeout_secs: 120,
             cheap_model: None,
             smart_routing_cascade: true,
+            openai_codex: None,
         }
     }
 

src/llm/models.rs

@@ -332,8 +332,8 @@ pub(crate) async fn fetch_openai_compatible_models(
 /// Uses [`NearAiConfig::for_model_discovery()`] to construct a minimal NEAR AI
 /// config, then wraps it in an `LlmConfig` with session config for auth.
 pub(crate) fn build_nearai_model_fetch_config() -> crate::config::LlmConfig {
-    let auth_base_url =
-        std::env::var("NEARAI_AUTH_URL").unwrap_or_else(|_| "https://private.near.ai".to_string());
+    let auth_base_url = crate::config::helpers::env_or_override("NEARAI_AUTH_URL")
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| "https://private.near.ai".to_string());
 
     crate::config::LlmConfig {
         backend: "nearai".to_string(),
@@ -347,5 +347,6 @@ pub(crate) fn build_nearai_model_fetch_config() -> crate::config::LlmConfig {
         request_timeout_secs: 120,
         cheap_model: None,
         smart_routing_cascade: false,
+        openai_codex: None,
     }
 }

src/llm/nearai_chat.rs

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use crate::llm::provider::{
     ChatMessage, CompletionRequest, CompletionResponse, FinishReason, LlmProvider, Role, ToolCall,
     ToolCompletionRequest, ToolCompletionResponse,
 };
-use crate::llm::{costs, retry::cap_retry_after, session::SessionManager};
+use crate::llm::{costs, session::SessionManager};
 
 /// Information about an available model from NEAR AI API.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
@@ -35,6 +35,21 @@ pub struct ModelInfo {
     pub provider: Option<String>,
 }
 
+/// Default NEAR AI model used when no model is configured.
+pub const DEFAULT_MODEL: &str = "Qwen/Qwen3.5-122B-A10B";
+
+/// Fallback model list used by the setup wizard when the `/models` API is
+/// unreachable. Returns `(model_id, display_label)` pairs.
+pub fn default_models() -> Vec<(String, String)> {
+    vec![
+        (DEFAULT_MODEL.into(), "Qwen 3.5 122B (default)".into()),
+        (
+            "Qwen/Qwen3-32B".into(),
+            "Qwen 3 32B (smaller, faster)".into(),
+        ),
+    ]
+}
+
 /// NEAR AI provider (Chat Completions API, dual auth).
 pub struct NearAiChatProvider {
     client: Client,
@@ -243,30 +258,9 @@ impl NearAiChatProvider {
 
         let status = response.status();
         // Extract Retry-After header before consuming the response body.
-        // Supports both delay-seconds (RFC 7231 §7.1.3) and HTTP-date formats.
-        // Falls back to 60s if header is missing or unparseable (prevents "retry after None" errors).
-        let retry_after_header = response
-            .headers()
-            .get("retry-after")
-            .and_then(|v| v.to_str().ok())
-            .and_then(|v| {
-                // Try delay-seconds first (most common from API providers)
-                if let Ok(secs) = v.trim().parse::<u64>() {
-                    return Some(cap_retry_after(std::time::Duration::from_secs(secs)));
-                }
-                // Try HTTP-date (e.g. "Mon, 02 Mar 2026 18:00:00 GMT")
-                if let Ok(dt) = chrono::DateTime::parse_from_rfc2822(v.trim()) {
-                    let now = chrono::Utc::now();
-                    let delta = dt.signed_duration_since(now);
-                    // Use max(0) so past/present dates yield Duration::ZERO
-                    // rather than None (which would cause an immediate retry).
-                    return Some(cap_retry_after(std::time::Duration::from_secs(
-                        delta.num_seconds().max(0) as u64,
-                    )));
-                }
-                None
-            })
-            .or(Some(std::time::Duration::from_secs(60)));
+        let retry_after_header = Some(crate::llm::retry::parse_retry_after(
+            response.headers().get("retry-after"),
+        ));
         let response_text = response.text().await.map_err(|e| LlmError::RequestFailed {
             provider: "nearai_chat".to_string(),
             reason: format!("Failed to read response body: {}", e),
@@ -2218,123 +2212,4 @@ mod tests {
             "http://example.com/api/proxy/v1/chat/completions"
         );
     }
-
-    // -- Retry-After header parsing tests (regression for rate limit "None" bug) --
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_retry_after_parsing_delay_seconds() {
-        // Verify delay-seconds format (most common) is parsed correctly
-        let header_value = "30";
-        let duration = parse_retry_after_for_test(header_value);
-        assert_eq!(duration, Some(std::time::Duration::from_secs(30)));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_retry_after_parsing_rfc2822_date() {
-        // Verify HTTP-date (RFC 2822) format is parsed correctly
-        // Use a date 60 seconds in the future
-        let now = chrono::Utc::now();
-        let future = now + chrono::Duration::seconds(60);
-        let date_str = future.to_rfc2822();
-
-        let duration = parse_retry_after_for_test(&date_str);
-        assert!(duration.is_some());
-        let d = duration.unwrap();
-        // Allow ±5 seconds of drift due to processing time
-        assert!(
-            d.as_secs() >= 55 && d.as_secs() <= 65,
-            "Expected ~60s, got {}s",
-            d.as_secs()
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_retry_after_fallback_missing_header() {
-        // Regression test: When Retry-After header is missing,
-        // should fall back to 60s instead of None
-        let duration = parse_retry_after_for_test("");
-        assert_eq!(
-            duration,
-            Some(std::time::Duration::from_secs(60)),
-            "Missing header should fallback to 60s"
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_retry_after_fallback_invalid_format() {
-        // Regression test: When Retry-After header is in unexpected format,
-        // should fall back to 60s instead of None
-        let invalid_formats = vec![
-            "invalid",
-            "not-a-number",
-            "30.5", // float instead of int
-            "abc123",
-        ];
-
-        for format in invalid_formats {
-            let duration = parse_retry_after_for_test(format);
-            assert_eq!(
-                duration,
-                Some(std::time::Duration::from_secs(60)),
-                "Invalid format '{}' should fallback to 60s",
-                format
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_retry_after_past_date_returns_zero() {
-        // When HTTP-date is in the past, should return Duration::ZERO
-        // (not None, which would trigger immediate retry)
-        let past = chrono::Utc::now() - chrono::Duration::seconds(60);
-        let past_date_str = past.to_rfc2822();
-
-        let duration = parse_retry_after_for_test(&past_date_str);
-        assert_eq!(
-            duration,
-            Some(std::time::Duration::ZERO),
-            "Past date should return Duration::ZERO, not None"
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_retry_after_zero_seconds_accepted() {
-        // Verify zero seconds is a valid retry delay
-        let duration = parse_retry_after_for_test("0");
-        assert_eq!(duration, Some(std::time::Duration::ZERO));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_retry_after_large_number() {
-        // Verify large numbers are capped to the safe maximum
-        let duration = parse_retry_after_for_test("3600"); // 1 hour
-        assert_eq!(duration, Some(std::time::Duration::from_secs(3600)));
-
-        let huge = parse_retry_after_for_test("18446744073709551615");
-        assert_eq!(
-            huge,
-            Some(std::time::Duration::from_secs(
-                crate::llm::retry::MAX_RETRY_AFTER_SECS
-            ))
-        );
-    }
-
-    /// Helper function to test Retry-After header parsing logic
-    /// (simulates the parsing done in send_request without actual HTTP, including fallback)
-    fn parse_retry_after_for_test(header_value: &str) -> Option<std::time::Duration> {
-        let trimmed = header_value.trim();
-        let parsed = if let Ok(secs) = trimmed.parse::<u64>() {
-            Some(cap_retry_after(std::time::Duration::from_secs(secs)))
-        } else if let Ok(dt) = chrono::DateTime::parse_from_rfc2822(trimmed) {
-            let now = chrono::Utc::now();
-            let delta = dt.signed_duration_since(now);
-            Some(cap_retry_after(std::time::Duration::from_secs(
-                delta.num_seconds().max(0) as u64,
-            )))
-        } else {
-            None
-        };
-        // Apply fallback to 60s if parsing failed (matches actual code behavior)
-        parsed.or(Some(std::time::Duration::from_secs(60)))
-    }
 }

src/llm/oauth_helpers.rs

@@ -39,9 +39,7 @@ pub enum OAuthCallbackError {
 /// deployments where `127.0.0.1` is unreachable from the user's browser),
 /// then falls back to `http://{callback_host()}:{OAUTH_CALLBACK_PORT}`.
 pub fn callback_url() -> String {
-    std::env::var("IRONCLAW_OAUTH_CALLBACK_URL")
-        .ok()
-        .filter(|v| !v.is_empty())
+    crate::config::helpers::env_or_override("IRONCLAW_OAUTH_CALLBACK_URL")
         .unwrap_or_else(|| format!("http://{}:{}", callback_host(), OAUTH_CALLBACK_PORT))
 }
 
@@ -57,7 +55,8 @@ pub fn callback_url() -> String {
 /// Note: this transmits the session token over plain HTTP — prefer SSH port
 /// forwarding (`ssh -L 9876:127.0.0.1:9876 user@host`) when possible.
 pub fn callback_host() -> String {
-    std::env::var("OAUTH_CALLBACK_HOST").unwrap_or_else(|_| "127.0.0.1".to_string())
+    crate::config::helpers::env_or_override("OAUTH_CALLBACK_HOST")
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| "127.0.0.1".to_string())
 }
 
 /// Returns `true` if `host` is a loopback address that only accepts local connections.
@@ -362,6 +361,7 @@ pub fn landing_html(provider_name: &str, success: bool) -> String {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
+    use crate::config::helpers::ENV_MUTEX;
 
     #[test]
     fn loopback_detection() {
@@ -386,12 +386,22 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(!is_wildcard_host("localhost"));
     }
 
+    // Lock held across await to serialize env-var mutation; the awaited op is a quick local TCP bind.
+    #[allow(clippy::await_holding_lock)]
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn bind_rejects_wildcard_ipv4() {
-        // SAFETY: test is single-threaded; env var is restored immediately after.
+        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let original = std::env::var("OAUTH_CALLBACK_HOST").ok();
+        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX, no concurrent env access.
         unsafe { std::env::set_var("OAUTH_CALLBACK_HOST", "0.0.0.0") };
         let result = bind_callback_listener().await;
-        unsafe { std::env::remove_var("OAUTH_CALLBACK_HOST") };
+        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX, no concurrent env access.
+        unsafe {
+            match &original {
+                Some(v) => std::env::set_var("OAUTH_CALLBACK_HOST", v),
+                None => std::env::remove_var("OAUTH_CALLBACK_HOST"),
+            }
+        }
         assert!(result.is_err());
         let err = result.unwrap_err().to_string();
         assert!(
@@ -400,12 +410,22 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    // Lock held across await to serialize env-var mutation; the awaited op is a quick local TCP bind.
+    #[allow(clippy::await_holding_lock)]
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn bind_rejects_wildcard_ipv6() {
-        // SAFETY: test is single-threaded; env var is restored immediately after.
+        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let original = std::env::var("OAUTH_CALLBACK_HOST").ok();
+        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX, no concurrent env access.
         unsafe { std::env::set_var("OAUTH_CALLBACK_HOST", "::") };
         let result = bind_callback_listener().await;
-        unsafe { std::env::remove_var("OAUTH_CALLBACK_HOST") };
+        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX, no concurrent env access.
+        unsafe {
+            match &original {
+                Some(v) => std::env::set_var("OAUTH_CALLBACK_HOST", v),
+                None => std::env::remove_var("OAUTH_CALLBACK_HOST"),
+            }
+        }
         assert!(result.is_err());
         let err = result.unwrap_err().to_string();
         assert!(

src/llm/openai_codex_session.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,731 @@
+//! OAuth 2.0 session manager for OpenAI Codex (ChatGPT subscription).
+//!
+//! Supports two auth flows:
+//! - **Device Code** (primary): Works on headless servers, no browser needed.
+//! - **Browser PKCE** (fallback): Standard OAuth for local machines.
+//!
+//! Tokens are persisted to `~/.ironclaw/openai_codex_session.json` and
+//! auto-refreshed before expiry.
+
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+use reqwest::Client;
+use reqwest::header::{HeaderMap, HeaderValue, USER_AGENT};
+use secrecy::SecretString;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use tokio::sync::{Mutex, RwLock};
+
+use crate::config::OpenAiCodexConfig;
+use crate::error::LlmError;
+
+/// Persisted OAuth session data.
+///
+/// Note: `Debug` is manually implemented to redact tokens.
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct OpenAiCodexSession {
+    pub(crate) access_token: String,
+    pub(crate) refresh_token: String,
+    pub(crate) expires_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub(crate) created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Debug for OpenAiCodexSession {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("OpenAiCodexSession")
+            .field("access_token", &"[REDACTED]")
+            .field("refresh_token", &"[REDACTED]")
+            .field("expires_at", &self.expires_at)
+            .field("created_at", &self.created_at)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Request body for the device code usercode endpoint.
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+struct UserCodeRequest {
+    client_id: String,
+}
+
+/// Response from the device code usercode endpoint.
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+struct UserCodeResponse {
+    /// Unique ID for this device auth session.
+    device_auth_id: String,
+    /// Code the user enters in their browser.
+    user_code: String,
+    /// URL where the user enters the code (may not be present).
+    #[serde(default = "default_verification_uri")]
+    verification_uri: String,
+    /// Polling interval in seconds (OpenAI sends this as a string).
+    #[serde(
+        default = "default_interval",
+        deserialize_with = "deserialize_string_or_u64"
+    )]
+    interval: u64,
+    /// Expiry timestamp (OpenAI sends `expires_at` as ISO-8601).
+    #[serde(default)]
+    expires_at: Option<String>,
+    /// Seconds until the device code expires (standard field, may not be present).
+    #[serde(default)]
+    expires_in: Option<u64>,
+}
+
+fn default_verification_uri() -> String {
+    "https://auth.openai.com/codex/device".to_string()
+}
+
+fn default_interval() -> u64 {
+    5
+}
+
+/// Deserialize a value that may be either a string or a number as u64.
+fn deserialize_string_or_u64<'de, D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<u64, D::Error>
+where
+    D: serde::Deserializer<'de>,
+{
+    use serde::de;
+
+    struct StringOrU64;
+    impl<'de> de::Visitor<'de> for StringOrU64 {
+        type Value = u64;
+        fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
+            formatter.write_str("a string or integer")
+        }
+        fn visit_u64<E: de::Error>(self, v: u64) -> Result<u64, E> {
+            Ok(v)
+        }
+        fn visit_str<E: de::Error>(self, v: &str) -> Result<u64, E> {
+            v.parse().map_err(de::Error::custom)
+        }
+    }
+    deserializer.deserialize_any(StringOrU64)
+}
+
+impl UserCodeResponse {
+    /// Get the expiry duration in seconds, from either `expires_in` or `expires_at`.
+    fn expires_in_secs(&self) -> u64 {
+        if let Some(secs) = self.expires_in {
+            return secs;
+        }
+        if let Some(ref ts) = self.expires_at
+            && let Ok(dt) = chrono::DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339(ts)
+        {
+            let remaining = dt.signed_duration_since(Utc::now()).num_seconds();
+            return remaining.max(0) as u64;
+        }
+        900 // default 15 minutes
+    }
+}
+
+/// Request body for polling the device auth token endpoint.
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+struct DeviceTokenPollRequest {
+    device_auth_id: String,
+    user_code: String,
+}
+
+/// Successful response from the device auth token endpoint.
+/// Returns an authorization code + PKCE pair for the final token exchange.
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+struct DeviceAuthCodeResponse {
+    authorization_code: String,
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    code_challenge: String,
+    code_verifier: String,
+}
+
+/// Response from the final OAuth token exchange.
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+struct TokenResponse {
+    access_token: String,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    refresh_token: String,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    expires_in: u64,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    token_type: String,
+}
+
+/// Manages OpenAI Codex OAuth sessions with persistence and auto-refresh.
+pub struct OpenAiCodexSessionManager {
+    config: OpenAiCodexConfig,
+    client: Client,
+    session: RwLock<Option<OpenAiCodexSession>>,
+    renewal_lock: Mutex<()>,
+}
+
+impl OpenAiCodexSessionManager {
+    /// Create a new session manager. Tries to load existing session from disk.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// Returns `LlmError` if the HTTP client cannot be constructed.
+    pub fn new(config: OpenAiCodexConfig) -> Result<Self, LlmError> {
+        let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
+        headers.insert(
+            USER_AGENT,
+            HeaderValue::from_static(concat!("ironclaw/", env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"))),
+        );
+        let client = Client::builder()
+            .default_headers(headers)
+            .timeout(std::time::Duration::from_secs(30))
+            .build()
+            .map_err(|e| LlmError::RequestFailed {
+                provider: "openai_codex".into(),
+                reason: format!("HTTP client build failed: {e}"),
+            })?;
+
+        let mgr = Self {
+            config,
+            client,
+            session: RwLock::new(None),
+            renewal_lock: Mutex::new(()),
+        };
+
+        // Try synchronous load from disk during construction
+        if let Ok(data) = std::fs::read_to_string(&mgr.config.session_path)
+            && let Ok(session) = serde_json::from_str::<OpenAiCodexSession>(&data)
+            && let Ok(mut guard) = mgr.session.try_write()
+        {
+            *guard = Some(session);
+            tracing::info!(
+                "Loaded OpenAI Codex session from {}",
+                mgr.config.session_path.display()
+            );
+        }
+
+        Ok(mgr)
+    }
+
+    /// Check if we have a session (may be expired).
+    pub async fn has_session(&self) -> bool {
+        self.session.read().await.is_some()
+    }
+
+    /// Check if the current access token needs refreshing.
+    pub async fn needs_refresh(&self) -> bool {
+        let guard = self.session.read().await;
+        match guard.as_ref() {
+            None => true,
+            Some(s) => {
+                let margin =
+                    chrono::Duration::seconds(self.config.token_refresh_margin_secs as i64);
+                Utc::now() + margin >= s.expires_at
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Get the current access token, refreshing if needed.
+    ///
+    /// If the token is within the refresh margin, silently refreshes first.
+    /// If no session exists, returns an AuthFailed error.
+    pub async fn get_access_token(&self) -> Result<SecretString, LlmError> {
+        if self.needs_refresh().await {
+            let has_refresh = self
+                .session
+                .read()
+                .await
+                .as_ref()
+                .map(|s| !s.refresh_token.is_empty())
+                .unwrap_or(false);
+            if has_refresh {
+                self.refresh_tokens().await?;
+            } else {
+                return Err(LlmError::AuthFailed {
+                    provider: "openai_codex".to_string(),
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        let guard = self.session.read().await;
+        guard
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(|s| SecretString::from(s.access_token.clone()))
+            .ok_or_else(|| LlmError::AuthFailed {
+                provider: "openai_codex".to_string(),
+            })
+    }
+
+    /// Ensure we have a valid session. Loads from disk, refreshes, or prompts login.
+    pub async fn ensure_authenticated(&self) -> Result<(), LlmError> {
+        // Try loading from disk if we don't have a session
+        if !self.has_session().await {
+            let _ = self.load_session().await;
+        }
+
+        if !self.has_session().await {
+            // No session at all -- need to authenticate
+            return self.device_code_login().await;
+        }
+
+        if self.needs_refresh().await {
+            // Try refresh; if it fails, re-authenticate
+            match self.refresh_tokens().await {
+                Ok(()) => Ok(()),
+                Err(e) => {
+                    tracing::info!("Token refresh failed ({}), re-authenticating...", e);
+                    self.device_code_login().await
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Run OpenAI's device code auth flow.
+    ///
+    /// Uses OpenAI's custom `/api/accounts/deviceauth/*` endpoints (not the standard
+    /// Auth0 `/oauth/device/code` which is behind Cloudflare managed challenge).
+    ///
+    /// Flow:
+    /// 1. POST `/api/accounts/deviceauth/usercode` → get device_auth_id + user_code
+    /// 2. Poll POST `/api/accounts/deviceauth/token` → get authorization_code + PKCE
+    /// 3. Exchange via POST `/oauth/token` → get access_token + refresh_token
+    pub async fn device_code_login(&self) -> Result<(), LlmError> {
+        let _guard = self.renewal_lock.lock().await;
+
+        let auth_base = format!("{}/api/accounts", self.config.auth_endpoint);
+
+        // Step 1: Request device code
+        let usercode_url = format!("{}/deviceauth/usercode", auth_base);
+        let resp = self
+            .client
+            .post(&usercode_url)
+            .json(&UserCodeRequest {
+                client_id: self.config.client_id.clone(),
+            })
+            .send()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| LlmError::SessionRenewalFailed {
+                provider: "openai_codex".to_string(),
+                reason: format!("Device code request failed: {}", e),
+            })?;
+
+        if !resp.status().is_success() {
+            let status = resp.status();
+            let body = resp.text().await.unwrap_or_default();
+            return Err(LlmError::SessionRenewalFailed {
+                provider: "openai_codex".to_string(),
+                reason: format!("Device code request failed: HTTP {} -- {}", status, body),
+            });
+        }
+
+        let body_text = resp
+            .text()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| LlmError::SessionRenewalFailed {
+                provider: "openai_codex".to_string(),
+                reason: format!("Failed to read device code response: {}", e),
+            })?;
+        tracing::debug!("Device code response received ({} bytes)", body_text.len());
+        let device: UserCodeResponse =
+            serde_json::from_str(&body_text).map_err(|e| LlmError::SessionRenewalFailed {
+                provider: "openai_codex".to_string(),
+                reason: format!(
+                    "Failed to parse device code response: {} ({} bytes)",
+                    e,
+                    body_text.len()
+                ),
+            })?;
+
+        // Step 2: Display code to user
+        println!();
+        println!("===========================================================");
+        println!("               OpenAI Codex Authentication                  ");
+        println!("===========================================================");
+        println!();
+        println!("  1. Open this URL in any browser:");
+        println!("     {}", device.verification_uri);
+        println!();
+        println!("  2. Enter this code:");
+        println!();
+        println!("              [  {}  ]", device.user_code);
+        println!();
+        let expires_secs = device.expires_in_secs();
+        println!(
+            "  Waiting for authorization... (expires in {} min)",
+            expires_secs / 60
+        );
+        println!("===========================================================");
+        println!();
+
+        // Step 3: Poll for authorization code
+        let poll_url = format!("{}/deviceauth/token", auth_base);
+        let mut interval = std::time::Duration::from_secs(device.interval.max(5));
+        let deadline = tokio::time::Instant::now() + std::time::Duration::from_secs(expires_secs);
+
+        let auth_code = loop {
+            tokio::time::sleep(interval).await;
+
+            if tokio::time::Instant::now() >= deadline {
+                return Err(LlmError::SessionRenewalFailed {
+                    provider: "openai_codex".to_string(),
+                    reason: "Device code authorization timed out".to_string(),
+                });
+            }
+
+            let resp = self
+                .client
+                .post(&poll_url)
+                .json(&DeviceTokenPollRequest {
+                    device_auth_id: device.device_auth_id.clone(),
+                    user_code: device.user_code.clone(),
+                })
+                .send()
+                .await
+                .map_err(|e| LlmError::SessionRenewalFailed {
+                    provider: "openai_codex".to_string(),
+                    reason: format!("Token poll request failed: {}", e),
+                })?;
+
+            let status = resp.status();
+            if status.is_success() {
+                let code_resp: DeviceAuthCodeResponse =
+                    resp.json()
+                        .await
+                        .map_err(|e| LlmError::SessionRenewalFailed {
+                            provider: "openai_codex".to_string(),
+                            reason: format!("Failed to parse auth code response: {}", e),
+                        })?;
+                break code_resp;
+            }
+
+            // 403 = authorization_pending, keep polling
+            // 404 = device code not found / not enabled
+            if status == reqwest::StatusCode::FORBIDDEN {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if status == reqwest::StatusCode::NOT_FOUND {
+                return Err(LlmError::SessionRenewalFailed {
+                    provider: "openai_codex".to_string(),
+                    reason: "Device code login is not enabled. Please check your OpenAI account settings.".to_string(),
+                });
+            }
+
+            // Slow down on 429, cap at 60s to avoid unbounded growth
+            if status == reqwest::StatusCode::TOO_MANY_REQUESTS {
+                interval = (interval + std::time::Duration::from_secs(5))
+                    .min(std::time::Duration::from_secs(60));
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            let body = resp.text().await.unwrap_or_default();
+            return Err(LlmError::SessionRenewalFailed {
+                provider: "openai_codex".to_string(),
+                reason: format!("Device auth poll failed: HTTP {} -- {}", status, body),
+            });
+        };
+
+        // Step 4: Exchange authorization code for tokens (form-encoded, per Auth0 spec)
+        let token_url = format!("{}/oauth/token", self.config.auth_endpoint);
+        let resp = self
+            .client
+            .post(&token_url)
+            .form(&[
+                ("grant_type", "authorization_code"),
+                ("code", &auth_code.authorization_code),
+                ("code_verifier", &auth_code.code_verifier),
+                ("client_id", &self.config.client_id),
+                (
+                    "redirect_uri",
+                    &format!("{}/deviceauth/callback", self.config.auth_endpoint),
+                ),
+            ])
+            .send()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| LlmError::SessionRenewalFailed {
+                provider: "openai_codex".to_string(),
+                reason: format!("Token exchange failed: {}", e),
+            })?;
+
+        if !resp.status().is_success() {
+            let status = resp.status();
+            let body = resp.text().await.unwrap_or_default();
+            return Err(LlmError::SessionRenewalFailed {
+                provider: "openai_codex".to_string(),
+                reason: format!("Token exchange failed: HTTP {} -- {}", status, body),
+            });
+        }
+
+        let token_resp: TokenResponse =
+            resp.json()
+                .await
+                .map_err(|e| LlmError::SessionRenewalFailed {
+                    provider: "openai_codex".to_string(),
+                    reason: format!("Failed to parse token response: {}", e),
+                })?;
+
+        let session = OpenAiCodexSession {
+            access_token: token_resp.access_token,
+            refresh_token: token_resp.refresh_token,
+            expires_at: Utc::now()
+                + chrono::Duration::seconds(if token_resp.expires_in > 0 {
+                    token_resp.expires_in
+                } else {
+                    tracing::warn!("Token response has expires_in=0, defaulting to 3600s");
+                    3600
+                } as i64),
+            created_at: Utc::now(),
+        };
+
+        self.save_session(&session).await?;
+        self.set_session(session).await;
+
+        println!();
+        println!("Authentication successful!");
+        println!();
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Refresh the access token using the refresh token.
+    pub async fn refresh_tokens(&self) -> Result<(), LlmError> {
+        let _guard = self.renewal_lock.lock().await;
+
+        // Double-check: another task may have refreshed while we waited on the lock
+        if !self.needs_refresh().await {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        let refresh_token = {
+            let guard = self.session.read().await;
+            guard
+                .as_ref()
+                .map(|s| s.refresh_token.clone())
+                .ok_or_else(|| LlmError::AuthFailed {
+                    provider: "openai_codex".to_string(),
+                })?
+        };
+
+        let token_url = format!("{}/oauth/token", self.config.auth_endpoint);
+        let resp = self
+            .client
+            .post(&token_url)
+            .form(&[
+                ("grant_type", "refresh_token"),
+                ("refresh_token", refresh_token.as_str()),
+                ("client_id", self.config.client_id.as_str()),
+            ])
+            .send()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| LlmError::SessionRenewalFailed {
+                provider: "openai_codex".to_string(),
+                reason: format!("Token refresh request failed: {}", e),
+            })?;
+
+        if !resp.status().is_success() {
+            let status = resp.status();
+            let body = resp.text().await.unwrap_or_default();
+            return Err(LlmError::SessionRenewalFailed {
+                provider: "openai_codex".to_string(),
+                reason: format!("Token refresh failed: HTTP {} -- {}", status, body),
+            });
+        }
+
+        let token_resp: TokenResponse =
+            resp.json()
+                .await
+                .map_err(|e| LlmError::SessionRenewalFailed {
+                    provider: "openai_codex".to_string(),
+                    reason: format!("Failed to parse refresh response: {}", e),
+                })?;
+
+        let session = OpenAiCodexSession {
+            access_token: token_resp.access_token,
+            refresh_token: token_resp.refresh_token,
+            expires_at: Utc::now()
+                + chrono::Duration::seconds(if token_resp.expires_in > 0 {
+                    token_resp.expires_in
+                } else {
+                    tracing::warn!("Token response has expires_in=0, defaulting to 3600s");
+                    3600
+                } as i64),
+            created_at: Utc::now(),
+        };
+
+        self.save_session(&session).await?;
+        self.set_session(session).await;
+
+        tracing::debug!("OpenAI Codex token refreshed successfully");
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Save session data to disk with restrictive permissions.
+    pub async fn save_session(&self, session: &OpenAiCodexSession) -> Result<(), LlmError> {
+        if let Some(parent) = self.config.session_path.parent() {
+            tokio::fs::create_dir_all(parent).await.map_err(|e| {
+                LlmError::Io(std::io::Error::new(
+                    e.kind(),
+                    format!("Failed to create session directory: {}", e),
+                ))
+            })?;
+        }
+
+        let json =
+            serde_json::to_string_pretty(session).map_err(|e| LlmError::SessionRenewalFailed {
+                provider: "openai_codex".to_string(),
+                reason: format!("Failed to serialize session: {}", e),
+            })?;
+
+        tokio::fs::write(&self.config.session_path, &json)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                LlmError::Io(std::io::Error::new(
+                    e.kind(),
+                    format!("Failed to write session file: {}", e),
+                ))
+            })?;
+
+        #[cfg(unix)]
+        {
+            use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
+            let perms = std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o600);
+            tokio::fs::set_permissions(&self.config.session_path, perms)
+                .await
+                .map_err(|e| {
+                    LlmError::Io(std::io::Error::new(
+                        e.kind(),
+                        format!("Failed to set permissions: {}", e),
+                    ))
+                })?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Load session from disk.
+    pub async fn load_session(&self) -> Result<(), LlmError> {
+        let data = tokio::fs::read_to_string(&self.config.session_path)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                LlmError::Io(std::io::Error::new(
+                    e.kind(),
+                    format!("Failed to read session file: {}", e),
+                ))
+            })?;
+
+        let session: OpenAiCodexSession =
+            serde_json::from_str(&data).map_err(|e| LlmError::SessionRenewalFailed {
+                provider: "openai_codex".to_string(),
+                reason: format!("Failed to parse session file: {}", e),
+            })?;
+
+        let mut guard = self.session.write().await;
+        *guard = Some(session);
+        tracing::info!(
+            "Loaded OpenAI Codex session from {}",
+            self.config.session_path.display()
+        );
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Set session directly (for testing or after auth).
+    pub async fn set_session(&self, session: OpenAiCodexSession) {
+        let mut guard = self.session.write().await;
+        *guard = Some(session);
+    }
+
+    /// Handle a 401 response by refreshing, or re-authenticating.
+    pub async fn handle_auth_failure(&self) -> Result<(), LlmError> {
+        match self.refresh_tokens().await {
+            Ok(()) => Ok(()),
+            Err(_) => self.device_code_login().await,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::llm::codex_test_helpers::test_codex_config as test_config;
+    use tempfile::tempdir;
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_save_and_load_session() {
+        let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let path = dir.path().join("session.json");
+        let config = test_config(path.clone());
+
+        let mgr = OpenAiCodexSessionManager::new(config).unwrap();
+
+        // No session initially
+        assert!(!mgr.has_session().await);
+
+        // Save a session
+        let session = OpenAiCodexSession {
+            access_token: "access_abc".to_string(),
+            refresh_token: "refresh_xyz".to_string(),
+            expires_at: chrono::Utc::now() + chrono::Duration::hours(1),
+            created_at: chrono::Utc::now(),
+        };
+        mgr.save_session(&session).await.unwrap();
+        mgr.set_session(session).await;
+
+        assert!(mgr.has_session().await);
+
+        // Load from disk in a new manager
+        let config2 = test_config(path);
+        let mgr2 = OpenAiCodexSessionManager::new(config2).unwrap();
+        mgr2.load_session().await.unwrap();
+        assert!(mgr2.has_session().await);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_needs_refresh_when_near_expiry() {
+        let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let config = test_config(dir.path().join("session.json"));
+        let mgr = OpenAiCodexSessionManager::new(config).unwrap();
+
+        // Token expiring in 2 minutes (margin is 300s = 5 min)
+        let session = OpenAiCodexSession {
+            access_token: "access_abc".to_string(),
+            refresh_token: "refresh_xyz".to_string(),
+            expires_at: chrono::Utc::now() + chrono::Duration::minutes(2),
+            created_at: chrono::Utc::now(),
+        };
+        mgr.set_session(session).await;
+
+        assert!(mgr.needs_refresh().await);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn device_code_parse_error_redacts_body() {
+        // Regression: the parse error used to include raw body_text which could
+        // contain sensitive auth data. Now it only shows byte count.
+        let body_text = r#"{"secret_token":"sk-12345","error":"unexpected"}"#;
+        let err: Result<UserCodeResponse, _> = serde_json::from_str(body_text);
+        assert!(err.is_err());
+        let e = err.unwrap_err();
+        let error_msg = format!(
+            "Failed to parse device code response: {} ({} bytes)",
+            e,
+            body_text.len()
+        );
+        assert!(
+            !error_msg.contains("sk-12345"),
+            "error message must not contain raw body: {error_msg}"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            error_msg.contains("bytes"),
+            "error message should show byte count"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_no_refresh_when_fresh() {
+        let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let config = test_config(dir.path().join("session.json"));
+        let mgr = OpenAiCodexSessionManager::new(config).unwrap();
+
+        // Token expiring in 30 minutes (margin is 300s = 5 min)
+        let session = OpenAiCodexSession {
+            access_token: "access_abc".to_string(),
+            refresh_token: "refresh_xyz".to_string(),
+            expires_at: chrono::Utc::now() + chrono::Duration::minutes(30),
+            created_at: chrono::Utc::now(),
+        };
+        mgr.set_session(session).await;
+
+        assert!(!mgr.needs_refresh().await);
+    }
+}

src/llm/registry.rs

@@ -37,6 +37,8 @@ pub enum ProviderProtocol {
     Anthropic,
     /// Ollama API (OpenAI-ish, no API key required).
     Ollama,
+    /// GitHub Copilot API (OpenAI-compatible with token exchange).
+    GithubCopilot,
 }
 
 /// How the setup wizard should collect credentials for this provider.

src/llm/retry.rs

@@ -78,6 +78,33 @@ pub(crate) fn cap_retry_after(duration: Duration) -> Duration {
     duration.min(Duration::from_secs(MAX_RETRY_AFTER_SECS))
 }
 
+/// Parse a `Retry-After` header value into a capped `Duration`.
+///
+/// Supports both delay-seconds (RFC 7231 §7.1.3) and HTTP-date formats (RFC 7231
+/// §7.1.1 / IMF-fixdate). The implementation uses `chrono::DateTime::parse_from_rfc2822`,
+/// which also accepts RFC 2822-style dates.
+/// Returns `DEFAULT_RETRY_AFTER` (60 s) if the header is missing or unparseable.
+pub(crate) fn parse_retry_after(header: Option<&reqwest::header::HeaderValue>) -> Duration {
+    header
+        .and_then(|v| v.to_str().ok())
+        .and_then(|v| {
+            if let Ok(secs) = v.trim().parse::<u64>() {
+                return Some(cap_retry_after(Duration::from_secs(secs)));
+            }
+            if let Ok(dt) = chrono::DateTime::parse_from_rfc2822(v.trim()) {
+                let now = chrono::Utc::now();
+                let delta = dt.signed_duration_since(now);
+                return Some(cap_retry_after(Duration::from_secs(
+                    delta.num_seconds().max(0) as u64,
+                )));
+            }
+            None
+        })
+        .unwrap_or(Duration::from_secs(DEFAULT_RETRY_AFTER_SECS))
+}
+
+const DEFAULT_RETRY_AFTER_SECS: u64 = 60;
+
 /// Configuration for the retry decorator.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct RetryConfig {
@@ -444,4 +471,53 @@ mod tests {
             Duration::from_secs(0)
         );
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_retry_after_delay_seconds() {
+        let val = reqwest::header::HeaderValue::from_static("30");
+        assert_eq!(parse_retry_after(Some(&val)), Duration::from_secs(30));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_retry_after_missing_header() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            parse_retry_after(None),
+            Duration::from_secs(DEFAULT_RETRY_AFTER_SECS)
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_retry_after_unparseable() {
+        let val = reqwest::header::HeaderValue::from_static("not-a-number");
+        assert_eq!(
+            parse_retry_after(Some(&val)),
+            Duration::from_secs(DEFAULT_RETRY_AFTER_SECS)
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_retry_after_clamps_large_value() {
+        let val = reqwest::header::HeaderValue::from_static("999999");
+        assert_eq!(
+            parse_retry_after(Some(&val)),
+            Duration::from_secs(MAX_RETRY_AFTER_SECS)
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_retry_after_http_date() {
+        let future = chrono::Utc::now() + chrono::Duration::seconds(30);
+        let date_str = future.to_rfc2822();
+        let val = reqwest::header::HeaderValue::from_str(&date_str).unwrap();
+        let parsed = parse_retry_after(Some(&val));
+        let diff = if parsed > Duration::from_secs(30) {
+            parsed - Duration::from_secs(30)
+        } else {
+            Duration::from_secs(30) - parsed
+        };
+        assert!(
+            diff <= Duration::from_secs(2),
+            "expected ~30s, got {parsed:?} (diff {diff:?}) from header {date_str:?}"
+        );
+    }
 }