fix(security): eliminate TOCTOU race in approval request_id check (#1486 )

Hold session lock for the entire take-verify sequence so pending approval cannot be lost if a concurrent operation modifies the thread between take and restore. Closes #1486 Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <[email protected]>
feat(workspace): multi-scope workspace reads (#1117 )
2026-08-25 14:53:34 +00:00 · 2026-03-22 23:26:49 -07:00 · 2026-03-22 22:56:26 -07:00 · 2026-03-22 21:03:51 -07:00 · 2026-03-22 20:33:52 -07:00 · 2026-03-22 18:27:10 -07:00
95 changed files with 8906 additions and 1847 deletions
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ DATABASE_POOL_SIZE=10

 # LLM Provider
 # LLM_BACKEND=nearai           # default
-# Possible values: nearai, ollama, openai_compatible, openai, anthropic, github_copilot, tinfoil, openai_codex
+# Possible values: nearai, ollama, openai_compatible, openai, anthropic, github_copilot, tinfoil, openai_codex, gemini_oauth
 # LLM_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_SECS=120  # Increase for local LLMs (Ollama, vLLM, LM Studio)

 # === Anthropic Direct ===
@@ -110,6 +110,23 @@ NEARAI_AUTH_URL=https://private.near.ai
 # OPENAI_CODEX_AUTH_URL=https://auth.openai.com  # override (rare)
 # OPENAI_CODEX_API_URL=https://chatgpt.com/backend-api/codex  # override (rare)

+# === Google Gemini (OAuth, Gemini CLI compatible) ===
+# LLM_BACKEND=gemini_oauth
+# GEMINI_MODEL=gemini-2.5-flash                  # default
+# GEMINI_CREDENTIALS_PATH=~/.gemini/oauth_creds.json  # default
+# GEMINI_API_KEY=...                             # optional: use API key instead of OAuth
+# GEMINI_API_KEY_AUTH_MECHANISM=query             # "query" (default) or "header"
+# GEMINI_SAFETY_BLOCK_NONE=true                  # disable safety filters (default: false)
+# GEMINI_CLI_CUSTOM_HEADERS=Key:Value,Key2:Value2
+# GEMINI_TOP_P=0.95
+# GEMINI_TOP_K=40
+# GEMINI_SEED=42
+# GEMINI_PRESENCE_PENALTY=0.0
+# GEMINI_FREQUENCY_PENALTY=0.0
+# GEMINI_RESPONSE_MIME_TYPE=application/json
+# GEMINI_RESPONSE_JSON_SCHEMA={"type":"object"}
+# GEMINI_CACHED_CONTENT=cachedContents/abc123
+
 # For full provider setup guide see docs/LLM_PROVIDERS.md

 # Channel Configuration
@@ -121,6 +121,7 @@ jobs:
          fi

          # Whole-function context: detect edits inside existing test functions.
+          # Uses -W (whole function) which works when git recognises function boundaries.
          if git diff "${BASE_REF}...${HEAD_REF}" -W -- '*.rs' | awk '
            /^@@/           { if (has_test && has_add) { found=1; exit } has_test=0; has_add=0 }
            /^ .*#\[test\]/ || /^ .*#\[tokio::test\]/ || /^ .*#\[cfg\(test\)\]/ || /^ .*mod tests/ { has_test=1 }
@@ -132,6 +133,40 @@ jobs:
            exit 0
          fi

+          # Line-level check: detect changes inside #[cfg(test)] mod blocks.
+          # git -W relies on function boundary detection which misses Rust mod blocks,
+          # so this fallback checks whether changed line numbers fall within test modules.
+          # We specifically match #[cfg(test)] that is followed by `mod` (same or next
+          # line) to avoid false positives from standalone #[cfg(test)] items like
+          # individual statics or functions.
+          CHANGED_RS=$(echo "$CHANGED_FILES" | grep '\.rs$' || true)
+          if [ -n "$CHANGED_RS" ]; then
+            while IFS= read -r rs_file; do
+              [ -f "$rs_file" ] || continue
+
+              # Find the line where #[cfg(test)] precedes a `mod` declaration.
+              # Handles both `#[cfg(test)] mod tests` (same line) and the two-line form.
+              TEST_MOD_START=$(awk '
+                /^[[:space:]]*#\[cfg\(test\)\].*mod / { print NR; exit }
+                /^[[:space:]]*#\[cfg\(test\)\][[:space:]]*$/ { pending=NR; next }
+                pending && /^[[:space:]]*mod / { print pending; exit }
+                { pending=0 }
+              ' "$rs_file")
+              [ -n "$TEST_MOD_START" ] || continue
+
+              # Get changed line numbers in this file from the diff hunk headers.
+              # Each @@ line looks like: @@ -old,count +new,count @@
+              while IFS= read -r hunk_line; do
+                line_no=$(echo "$hunk_line" | sed -E 's/^@@ -[0-9,]+ \+([0-9]+).*/\1/')
+                [ -n "$line_no" ] || continue
+                if [ "$line_no" -ge "$TEST_MOD_START" ]; then
+                  echo "Test changes found: $rs_file has changes at line $line_no inside #[cfg(test)] mod block (starts at line $TEST_MOD_START)."
+                  exit 0
+                fi
+              done < <(git diff "${BASE_REF}...${HEAD_REF}" -U0 -- "$rs_file" | grep -E '^@@')
+            done <<< "$CHANGED_RS"
+          fi
+
          if grep -qE '^tests/' <<< "$CHANGED_FILES"; then
            echo "Test file changes found under tests/."
            exit 0
@@ -1510,7 +1510,7 @@ version = "1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "980c2afde4af43d6a05c5be738f9eae595cff86dce1f38f88b95058a98c027f3"
 dependencies = [
- "crossterm 0.29.0",
+ "crossterm",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -1731,7 +1731,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "04a63daf06a168535c74ab97cdba3ed4fa5d4f32cb36e437dcceb83d66854b7c"
 dependencies = [
 "crokey-proc_macros",
- "crossterm 0.29.0",
+ "crossterm",
 "once_cell",
 "serde",
 "strict",
@@ -1743,7 +1743,7 @@ version = "1.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "847f11a14855fc490bd5d059821895c53e77eeb3c2b73ee3dded7ce77c93b231"
 dependencies = [
- "crossterm 0.29.0",
+ "crossterm",
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
 "strict",
@@ -1817,22 +1817,6 @@ version = "0.8.21"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d0a5c400df2834b80a4c3327b3aad3a4c4cd4de0629063962b03235697506a28"

-[[package]]
-name = "crossterm"
-version = "0.28.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "829d955a0bb380ef178a640b91779e3987da38c9aea133b20614cfed8cdea9c6"
-dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.11.0",
- "crossterm_winapi",
- "mio",
- "parking_lot",
- "rustix 0.38.44",
- "signal-hook",
- "signal-hook-mio",
- "winapi",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "crossterm"
 version = "0.29.0"
@@ -2152,7 +2136,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "libc",
 "option-ext",
 "redox_users 0.5.2",
- "windows-sys 0.59.0",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -2339,7 +2323,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "39cab71617ae0d63f51a36d69f866391735b51691dbda63cf6f96d042b63efeb"
 dependencies = [
 "libc",
- "windows-sys 0.59.0",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -3426,7 +3410,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "clap_complete",
 "criterion",
 "cron",
- "crossterm 0.28.1",
+ "crossterm",
 "deadpool-postgres",
 "dirs 6.0.0",
 "dotenvy",
@@ -4150,7 +4134,7 @@ version = "0.50.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7957b9740744892f114936ab4a57b3f487491bbeafaf8083688b16841a4240e5"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-sys 0.59.0",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -5488,7 +5472,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "errno",
 "libc",
 "linux-raw-sys 0.12.1",
- "windows-sys 0.59.0",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -6395,7 +6379,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "getrandom 0.4.2",
 "once_cell",
 "rustix 1.1.4",
- "windows-sys 0.59.0",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -8045,7 +8029,7 @@ version = "0.1.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c2a7b1c03c876122aa43f3020e6c3c3ee5c05081c9a00739faf7503aeba10d22"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-sys 0.48.0",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ exclude = [
    "tools-src/google-drive",
    "tools-src/google-sheets",
    "tools-src/google-slides",
-    "tools-src/composio",
    "tools-src/slack",
    "tools-src/telegram",
    "fuzz",
@@ -89,7 +88,7 @@ async-trait = "0.1"
 clap = { version = "4", features = ["derive", "env"] }

 # Terminal
-crossterm = "0.28"
+crossterm = "0.29"
 rustyline = { version = "17", features = ["custom-bindings", "derive", "with-file-history"] }
 termimad = "0.34"

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 This document tracks feature parity between IronClaw (Rust implementation) and OpenClaw (TypeScript reference implementation). Use this to coordinate work across developers.

 **Legend:**
+
 - ✅ Implemented
 - 🚧 Partial (in progress or incomplete)
 - ❌ Not implemented
@@ -204,7 +205,7 @@ This document tracks feature parity between IronClaw (Rust implementation) and O
 | Skills (modular capabilities) | ✅ | ✅ | Prompt-based skills with trust gating, attenuation, activation criteria, catalog, selector |
 | Skill routing blocks | ✅ | 🚧 | ActivationCriteria (keywords, patterns, tags) but no "Use when / Don't use when" blocks |
 | Skill path compaction | ✅ | ❌ | ~ prefix to reduce prompt tokens |
-| Thinking modes (off/minimal/low/medium/high/xhigh/adaptive) | ✅ | ❌ | Configurable reasoning depth |
+| Thinking modes (off/minimal/low/medium/high/xhigh/adaptive) | ✅ | 🚧 | thinkingConfig for Gemini models (thinkingBudget/thinkingLevel); no per-level control yet |
 | Per-model thinkingDefault override | ✅ | ❌ | Override thinking level per model; Anthropic Claude 4.6 defaults to adaptive |
 | Block-level streaming | ✅ | ❌ | |
 | Tool-level streaming | ✅ | ❌ | |
@@ -236,9 +237,13 @@ This document tracks feature parity between IronClaw (Rust implementation) and O
 | NEAR AI | ✅ | ✅ | - | Primary provider |
 | Anthropic (Claude) | ✅ | 🚧 | - | Via NEAR AI proxy; Opus 4.5, Sonnet 4, Sonnet 4.6, adaptive thinking default |
 | OpenAI | ✅ | 🚧 | - | Via NEAR AI proxy; GPT-5.4 + Codex OAuth |
-| AWS Bedrock | ✅ | ❌ | P3 | |
-| Google Gemini | ✅ | ❌ | P3 | |
-| NVIDIA API | ✅ | ❌ | P3 | New provider |
+| AWS Bedrock | ✅ | ✅ | - | Native Converse API via aws-sdk-bedrockruntime (requires `--features bedrock`) |
+| Google Gemini | ✅ | ✅ | - | OAuth (PKCE + S256), function calling, thinkingConfig, generationConfig |
+| io.net | ✅ | ✅ | P3 | Via `ionet` adapter |
+| Mistral | ✅ | ✅ | P3 | Via `mistral` adapter |
+| Yandex AI Studio | ✅ | ✅ | P3 | Via `yandex` adapter |
+| Cloudflare Workers AI | ✅ | ✅ | P3 | Via `cloudflare` adapter |
+| NVIDIA API | ✅ | ✅ | P3 | Via `nvidia` adapter and `providers.json` |
 | OpenRouter | ✅ | ✅ | - | Via OpenAI-compatible provider (RigAdapter) |
 | Tinfoil | ❌ | ✅ | - | Private inference provider (IronClaw-only) |
 | OpenAI-compatible | ❌ | ✅ | - | Generic OpenAI-compatible endpoint (RigAdapter) |
@@ -466,7 +471,7 @@ This document tracks feature parity between IronClaw (Rust implementation) and O
 | Device pairing | ✅ | ❌ | |
 | Tailscale identity | ✅ | ❌ | |
 | Trusted-proxy auth | ✅ | ❌ | Header-based reverse proxy auth |
-| OAuth flows | ✅ | 🚧 | NEAR AI OAuth plus hosted extension/MCP OAuth broker; external auth-proxy rollout still pending |
+| OAuth flows | ✅ | 🚧 | NEAR AI OAuth + Gemini OAuth (PKCE, S256) + hosted extension/MCP OAuth broker; external auth-proxy rollout still pending |
 | DM pairing verification | ✅ | ✅ | ironclaw pairing approve, host APIs |
 | Allowlist/blocklist | ✅ | 🚧 | allow_from + pairing store |
 | Per-group tool policies | ✅ | ❌ | |
@@ -523,6 +528,7 @@ This document tracks feature parity between IronClaw (Rust implementation) and O
 ## Implementation Priorities

 ### P0 - Core (Already Done)
+
 - ✅ TUI channel with approval overlays
 - ✅ HTTP webhook channel
 - ✅ DM pairing (ironclaw pairing list/approve, host APIs)
@@ -550,6 +556,7 @@ This document tracks feature parity between IronClaw (Rust implementation) and O
 - ✅ OpenAI-compatible / OpenRouter provider support

 ### P1 - High Priority
+
 - ❌ Slack channel (real implementation)
 - ✅ Telegram channel (WASM, DM pairing, caption, /start)
 - ❌ WhatsApp channel
@@ -557,6 +564,7 @@ This document tracks feature parity between IronClaw (Rust implementation) and O
 - ✅ Hooks system (core lifecycle hooks + bundled/plugin/workspace hooks + outbound webhooks)

 ### P2 - Medium Priority
+
 - ❌ Media handling (images, PDFs)
 - ✅ Ollama/local model support (via rig::providers::ollama)
 - ❌ Configuration hot-reload
@@ -565,6 +573,7 @@ This document tracks feature parity between IronClaw (Rust implementation) and O
 - ❌ Partial output preservation on abort

 ### P3 - Lower Priority
+
 - ❌ Discord channel
 - ❌ Matrix channel
 - ❌ Other messaging platforms
@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@
  <a href="#license"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT%20OR%20Apache%202.0-blue.svg" alt="License: MIT OR Apache-2.0" /></a>
  <a href="https://t.me/ironclawAI"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Telegram-%40ironclawAI-26A5E4?style=flat&logo=telegram&logoColor=white" alt="Telegram: @ironclawAI" /></a>
  <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/ironclawAI/"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Reddit-r%2FironclawAI-FF4500?style=flat&logo=reddit&logoColor=white" alt="Reddit: r/ironclawAI" /></a>
+  <a href="https://gitcgr.com/nearai/ironclaw">
+    <img src="https://gitcgr.com/badge/nearai/ironclaw.svg" alt="gitcgr" />
+  </a>
 </p>

 <p align="center">
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
  "wit_version": "0.3.0",
  "type": "channel",
  "name": "feishu",
-  "description": "Feishu/Lark Bot channel for receiving and responding to Feishu messages",
+  "description": "Feishu/Lark Bot channel for receiving and responding to Feishu messages via Event Subscription webhooks",
  "auth": {
    "secret_name": "feishu_app_id",
    "display_name": "Feishu / Lark",
-    "instructions": "Create a bot at https://open.feishu.cn/app (Feishu) or https://open.larksuite.com/app (Lark). You need the App ID and App Secret.",
+    "instructions": "Create a bot at https://open.feishu.cn/app (Feishu) or https://open.larksuite.com/app (Lark). You need the App ID and App Secret. Note: IronClaw supports Event Subscription webhook delivery, but not Feishu's long-connection websocket mode.",
    "setup_url": "https://open.feishu.cn/app",
    "token_hint": "App ID looks like cli_XXXX, App Secret is a long alphanumeric string",
    "env_var": "FEISHU_APP_ID"
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
    "required_secrets": [
      {
        "name": "feishu_app_id",
-        "prompt": "Enter your Feishu/Lark App ID (from https://open.feishu.cn/app)",
+        "prompt": "Enter your Feishu/Lark App ID (from https://open.feishu.cn/app). Use webhook-based Event Subscription, not long-connection websocket mode.",
        "optional": false
      },
      {
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
      },
      {
        "name": "feishu_verification_token",
-        "prompt": "Enter your Feishu/Lark Verification Token (from Event Subscription settings)",
+        "prompt": "Enter your Feishu/Lark Verification Token (from Event Subscription webhook settings)",
        "optional": true
      }
    ],
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@
 //!
 //! This WASM component implements the channel interface for handling Feishu
 //! webhooks (Event Subscription v2.0) and sending messages back via the
-//! Feishu/Lark Bot API.
+//! Feishu/Lark Bot API. IronClaw currently does not connect to Feishu's
+//! long-connection websocket subscription mode; use Event Subscription
+//! webhooks for this channel.
 //!
 //! # Features
 //!
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # LLM Provider Configuration

 IronClaw defaults to NEAR AI for model access, but supports any OpenAI-compatible
-endpoint as well as Anthropic and Ollama directly. This guide covers the most common
-configurations.
+endpoint as well as Anthropic, Ollama, and Google Gemini directly. This guide covers
+the most common configurations.

 ## Provider Overview

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ configurations.
 | NEAR AI | `nearai` | OAuth (browser) | Default; multi-model |
 | Anthropic | `anthropic` | `ANTHROPIC_API_KEY` | Claude models |
 | OpenAI | `openai` | `OPENAI_API_KEY` | GPT models |
-| Google Gemini | `gemini` | `GEMINI_API_KEY` | Gemini models |
+| Google Gemini | `gemini_oauth` | OAuth (browser) | Gemini models; function calling |
 | io.net | `ionet` | `IONET_API_KEY` | Intelligence API |
 | Mistral | `mistral` | `MISTRAL_API_KEY` | Mistral models |
 | Yandex AI Studio | `yandex` | `YANDEX_API_KEY` | YandexGPT models |
@@ -62,6 +62,51 @@ Popular models: `gpt-4o`, `gpt-4o-mini`, `o3-mini`

 ---

+## Google Gemini (OAuth)
+
+Uses Google OAuth with PKCE (S256) for authentication — no API key required.
+On first run, a browser opens for Google account login. Credentials (including
+refresh token) are saved to `~/.gemini/oauth_creds.json` with `0600` permissions.
+
+```env
+LLM_BACKEND=gemini_oauth
+GEMINI_MODEL=gemini-2.5-flash
+```
+
+### Supported features
+
+| Feature | Status | Notes |
+|---|---|---|
+| Function calling | ✅ | `functionDeclarations` / `functionCall` / `functionResponse` |
+| `generationConfig` | ✅ | `temperature`, `maxOutputTokens` passed from request |
+| `thinkingConfig` | ✅ | `thinkingBudget`/`thinkingLevel` for thinking-capable models (does NOT set `includeThoughts`) |
+| `toolConfig` | ✅ | `functionCallingConfig.mode`: `AUTO`/`ANY`/`NONE` |
+| SSE streaming | ✅ | Cloud Code API with `streamGenerateContent?alt=sse` |
+| Token refresh | ✅ | Automatic via refresh token |
+
+### Popular models
+
+| Model | ID | Notes |
+|---|---|---|
+| Gemini 3.1 Pro | `gemini-3.1-pro-preview` | Latest, strongest reasoning |
+| Gemini 3.1 Pro Custom Tools | `gemini-3.1-pro-preview-customtools` | Enhanced tool use |
+| Gemini 3 Pro | `gemini-3-pro-preview` | Preview |
+| Gemini 3 Flash | `gemini-3-flash-preview` | Fast preview with thinking |
+| Gemini 3.1 Flash Lite | `gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview` | Preview, lightweight |
+| Gemini 2.5 Pro | `gemini-2.5-pro` | Stable, strong reasoning |
+| Gemini 2.5 Flash | `gemini-2.5-flash` | Fast, good quality |
+| Gemini 2.5 Flash Lite | `gemini-2.5-flash-lite` | Fastest, lightweight |
+
+### Cloud Code API vs standard API
+
+Models containing `-preview` (with hyphen) or `gemini-3` in the name, as well
+as any `gemini-` model with major version >= 2, route through the Cloud Code
+API (`cloudcode-pa.googleapis.com`) which supports SSE streaming
+and project-scoped access. Other models use the standard Generative Language
+API (`generativelanguage.googleapis.com`).
+
+---
+
 ## GitHub Copilot

 GitHub Copilot exposes chat endpoint at
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ pub struct AgentDeps {
    /// HTTP interceptor for trace recording/replay.
    pub http_interceptor: Option<Arc<dyn crate::llm::recording::HttpInterceptor>>,
    /// Audio transcription middleware for voice messages.
-    pub transcription: Option<Arc<crate::transcription::TranscriptionMiddleware>>,
+    pub transcription: Option<Arc<crate::llm::transcription::TranscriptionMiddleware>>,
    /// Document text extraction middleware for PDF, DOCX, PPTX, etc.
    pub document_extraction: Option<Arc<crate::document_extraction::DocumentExtractionMiddleware>>,
    /// Sandbox readiness state for full-job routine dispatch.
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 //! via the `LoopDelegate` trait.

 use async_trait::async_trait;
+use std::borrow::Cow;

 use crate::agent::session::PendingApproval;
 use crate::error::Error;
@@ -235,12 +236,12 @@ pub async fn run_agentic_loop(
 ///
 /// `max` is a byte budget. The result is truncated at the last valid char
 /// boundary at or before `max` bytes, so it is always valid UTF-8.
-pub fn truncate_for_preview(s: &str, max: usize) -> String {
+pub fn truncate_for_preview(s: &str, max: usize) -> Cow<'_, str> {
    if s.len() <= max {
-        s.to_string()
+        Cow::Borrowed(s)
    } else {
        let end = crate::util::floor_char_boundary(s, max);
-        format!("{}...", &s[..end])
+        Cow::Owned(format!("{}...", &s[..end]))
    }
 }

@@ -597,12 +598,24 @@ mod tests {
        assert_eq!(truncate_for_preview("hello", 10), "hello");
    }

+    #[test]
+    fn test_truncate_short_string_borrows() {
+        let result = truncate_for_preview("hello", 10);
+        assert!(matches!(result, Cow::Borrowed("hello")));
+    }
+
    #[test]
    fn test_truncate_long_string_adds_ellipsis() {
        let result = truncate_for_preview("hello world", 5);
        assert_eq!(result, "hello...");
    }

+    #[test]
+    fn test_truncate_long_string_owns() {
+        let result = truncate_for_preview("hello world", 5);
+        assert!(matches!(result, Cow::Owned(_)));
+    }
+
    #[test]
    fn test_truncate_multibyte_safe() {
        let result = truncate_for_preview("café", 4);
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ impl<'a> LoopDelegate for ChatDelegate<'a> {
            .channels
            .send_status(
                &self.message.channel,
-                StatusUpdate::Thinking("Calling LLM...".into()),
+                StatusUpdate::Thinking(format!("Thinking (step {iteration})...")),
                &self.message.metadata,
            )
            .await;
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ impl<'a> LoopDelegate for ChatDelegate<'a> {
            .channels
            .send_status(
                &self.message.channel,
-                StatusUpdate::Thinking(format!("Executing {} tool(s)...", tool_calls.len())),
+                StatusUpdate::Thinking(contextual_tool_message(&tool_calls)),
                &self.message.metadata,
            )
            .await;
@@ -915,7 +915,14 @@ pub(super) async fn execute_chat_tool_standalone(
    params: &serde_json::Value,
    job_ctx: &crate::context::JobContext,
 ) -> Result<String, Error> {
-    crate::tools::execute::execute_tool_with_safety(tools, safety, tool_name, params, job_ctx).await
+    crate::tools::execute::execute_tool_with_safety(
+        tools,
+        safety,
+        tool_name,
+        params.clone(),
+        job_ctx,
+    )
+    .await
 }

 /// Parsed auth result fields for emitting StatusUpdate::AuthRequired.
@@ -969,6 +976,30 @@ pub(super) fn check_auth_required(
    Some((name, instructions))
 }

+/// Build a contextual thinking message based on tool names.
+///
+/// Instead of a generic "Executing 2 tool(s)..." this returns messages like
+/// "Running command..." or "Fetching page..." for single-tool calls, falling
+/// back to "Executing N tool(s)..." for multi-tool calls.
+fn contextual_tool_message(tool_calls: &[crate::llm::ToolCall]) -> String {
+    if tool_calls.len() == 1 {
+        match tool_calls[0].name.as_str() {
+            "shell" => "Running command...".into(),
+            "web_fetch" => "Fetching page...".into(),
+            "memory_search" => "Searching memory...".into(),
+            "memory_write" => "Writing to memory...".into(),
+            "memory_read" => "Reading memory...".into(),
+            "http_request" => "Making HTTP request...".into(),
+            "file_read" => "Reading file...".into(),
+            "file_write" => "Writing file...".into(),
+            "json_transform" => "Transforming data...".into(),
+            name => format!("Running {name}..."),
+        }
+    } else {
+        format!("Executing {} tool(s)...", tool_calls.len())
+    }
+}
+
 /// Compact messages for retry after a context-length-exceeded error.
 ///
 /// Keeps all `System` messages (which carry the system prompt and instructions),
@@ -1869,7 +1900,7 @@ mod tests {
            Ok(ToolCompletionResponse {
                content: None,
                tool_calls: vec![ToolCall {
-                    id: format!("call_{}", uuid::Uuid::new_v4()),
+                    id: crate::llm::generate_tool_call_id(0, 0),
                    name: "echo".to_string(),
                    arguments: serde_json::json!({"message": "looping"}),
                }],
@@ -2022,7 +2053,7 @@ mod tests {
            Ok(ToolCompletionResponse {
                content: None,
                tool_calls: vec![ToolCall {
-                    id: format!("call_{}", uuid::Uuid::new_v4()),
+                    id: crate::llm::generate_tool_call_id(0, 0),
                    name: "nonexistent_tool".to_string(),
                    arguments: serde_json::json!({}),
                }],
@@ -529,8 +529,8 @@ pub fn normalize_cron_expression(schedule: &str) -> String {
    let trimmed = schedule.trim();
    let fields: Vec<&str> = trimmed.split_whitespace().collect();
    match fields.len() {
-        5 => format!("0 {} *", trimmed),
-        6 => format!("{} *", trimmed),
+        5 => format!("0 {} *", fields.join(" ")),
+        6 => format!("{} *", fields.join(" ")),
        _ => trimmed.to_string(),
    }
 }
@@ -549,11 +549,7 @@ impl Scheduler {

        // Delegate to shared tool execution pipeline
        let output_str = crate::tools::execute::execute_tool_with_safety(
-            &tools,
-            &safety,
-            tool_name,
-            &normalized_params,
-            &job_ctx,
+            &tools, &safety, tool_name, params, &job_ctx,
        )
        .await?;

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use uuid::Uuid;

 use crate::channels::web::util::truncate_preview;
-use crate::llm::{ChatMessage, ToolCall};
+use crate::llm::{ChatMessage, ToolCall, generate_tool_call_id};

 /// A session containing one or more threads.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
@@ -414,7 +414,12 @@ impl Thread {
    /// completed actions in subsequent turns.
    pub fn messages(&self) -> Vec<ChatMessage> {
        let mut messages = Vec::new();
-        for turn in &self.turns {
+        // We use the enumeration index (`turn_idx`) rather than `turn.turn_number`
+        // intentionally: after `truncate_turns()`, the remaining turns are
+        // re-numbered starting from 0, so the enumeration index and turn_number
+        // are equivalent. Using the index avoids coupling to the field and keeps
+        // tool-call ID generation deterministic for the current message window.
+        for (turn_idx, turn) in self.turns.iter().enumerate() {
            if turn.image_content_parts.is_empty() {
                messages.push(ChatMessage::user(&turn.user_input));
            } else {
@@ -425,13 +430,23 @@ impl Thread {
            }

            if !turn.tool_calls.is_empty() {
-                // Build ToolCall objects with synthetic stable IDs
-                let tool_calls: Vec<ToolCall> = turn
+                // Assign synthetic call IDs for this turn's tool calls, so that
+                // declarations and results can be consistently correlated.
+                let tool_calls_with_ids: Vec<(String, &_)> = turn
                    .tool_calls
                    .iter()
                    .enumerate()
-                    .map(|(i, tc)| ToolCall {
-                        id: format!("turn{}_{}", turn.turn_number, i),
+                    .map(|(tc_idx, tc)| {
+                        // Use provider-compatible tool call IDs derived from turn/tool indices.
+                        (generate_tool_call_id(turn_idx, tc_idx), tc)
+                    })
+                    .collect();
+
+                // Build ToolCall objects using the synthetic call IDs.
+                let tool_calls: Vec<ToolCall> = tool_calls_with_ids
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|(call_id, tc)| ToolCall {
+                        id: call_id.clone(),
                        name: tc.name.clone(),
                        arguments: tc.parameters.clone(),
                    })
@@ -441,8 +456,7 @@ impl Thread {
                messages.push(ChatMessage::assistant_with_tool_calls(None, tool_calls));

                // Individual tool result messages, truncated to limit context size.
-                for (i, tc) in turn.tool_calls.iter().enumerate() {
-                    let call_id = format!("turn{}_{}", turn.turn_number, i);
+                for (call_id, tc) in tool_calls_with_ids {
                    let content = if let Some(ref err) = tc.error {
                        // .error already contains the full error text;
                        // pass through without wrapping to avoid double-prefix.
@@ -556,6 +556,33 @@ impl Agent {
                        .await;
                }

+                // Emit per-turn cost summary
+                {
+                    let usage = self.cost_guard().model_usage().await;
+                    let (total_in, total_out, total_cost) =
+                        usage
+                            .values()
+                            .fold((0u64, 0u64, rust_decimal::Decimal::ZERO), |acc, m| {
+                                (
+                                    acc.0 + m.input_tokens,
+                                    acc.1 + m.output_tokens,
+                                    acc.2 + m.cost,
+                                )
+                            });
+                    let _ = self
+                        .channels
+                        .send_status(
+                            &message.channel,
+                            StatusUpdate::TurnCost {
+                                input_tokens: total_in,
+                                output_tokens: total_out,
+                                cost_usd: format!("${:.4}", total_cost),
+                            },
+                            &message.metadata,
+                        )
+                        .await;
+                }
+
                Ok(SubmissionResult::response(response))
            }
            Ok(AgenticLoopResult::NeedApproval { pending }) => {
@@ -927,7 +954,10 @@ impl Agent {
        approved: bool,
        always: bool,
    ) -> Result<SubmissionResult, Error> {
-        // Get pending approval for this thread
+        // Get pending approval for this thread.
+        // The take-verify sequence is atomic under a single lock acquisition
+        // to prevent a TOCTOU race where a concurrent operation could modify
+        // or delete the thread between take and restore (#1486).
        let pending = {
            let mut sess = session.lock().await;
            let thread = sess
@@ -945,33 +975,31 @@ impl Agent {
                return Ok(SubmissionResult::ok_with_message(""));
            }

-            thread.take_pending_approval()
-        };
+            let taken = match thread.take_pending_approval() {
+                Some(p) => p,
+                None => {
+                    tracing::debug!(
+                        %thread_id,
+                        "Ignoring stale approval: no pending approval found"
+                    );
+                    return Ok(SubmissionResult::ok_with_message(""));
+                }
+            };

-        let pending = match pending {
-            Some(p) => p,
-            None => {
-                tracing::debug!(
-                    %thread_id,
-                    "Ignoring stale approval: no pending approval found"
-                );
-                return Ok(SubmissionResult::ok_with_message(""));
+            // Verify request ID while still holding the lock — atomic with take
+            if let Some(req_id) = request_id
+                && req_id != taken.request_id
+            {
+                // Restore atomically under same lock
+                thread.await_approval(taken);
+                return Ok(SubmissionResult::error(
+                    "Request ID mismatch. Use the correct request ID.",
+                ));
            }
-        };

-        // Verify request ID if provided
-        if let Some(req_id) = request_id
-            && req_id != pending.request_id
-        {
-            // Put it back and return error
-            let mut sess = session.lock().await;
-            if let Some(thread) = sess.threads.get_mut(&thread_id) {
-                thread.await_approval(pending);
-            }
-            return Ok(SubmissionResult::error(
-                "Request ID mismatch. Use the correct request ID.",
-            ));
-        }
+            taken
+            // Lock dropped here — pending approval validated
+        };

        if approved {
            // If always, add to auto-approved set
@@ -2177,6 +2205,47 @@ mod tests {
        assert!(t.pending_messages.is_empty());
    }

+    #[test]
+    fn test_approval_request_id_mismatch_restores_pending() {
+        // Regression test for #1486: after a request_id mismatch, the pending
+        // approval must still be intact (take + verify + restore is atomic).
+        use crate::agent::session::{PendingApproval, Thread, ThreadState};
+        use uuid::Uuid;
+
+        let session_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+        let thread_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+        let mut thread = Thread::with_id(thread_id, session_id);
+
+        let correct_request_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+        let pending = PendingApproval {
+            request_id: correct_request_id,
+            tool_name: "shell".to_string(),
+            parameters: serde_json::json!({}),
+            display_parameters: serde_json::json!({}),
+            description: "test".to_string(),
+            tool_call_id: "call_0".to_string(),
+            context_messages: vec![],
+            deferred_tool_calls: vec![],
+            user_timezone: None,
+            allow_always: true,
+        };
+        thread.await_approval(pending);
+        assert_eq!(thread.state, ThreadState::AwaitingApproval);
+
+        // Simulate: take, verify mismatch, restore -- all must be atomic
+        let taken = thread.take_pending_approval().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(taken.request_id, correct_request_id);
+        // On mismatch, restore
+        thread.await_approval(taken);
+        // Must still be in AwaitingApproval with pending intact
+        assert_eq!(thread.state, ThreadState::AwaitingApproval);
+        assert!(thread.pending_approval.is_some());
+        assert_eq!(
+            thread.pending_approval.as_ref().unwrap().request_id,
+            correct_request_id
+        );
+    }
+
    // Helper function to extract the approval message without needing a full Agent instance
    fn extract_approval_message(
        session: &crate::agent::session::Session,
@@ -325,9 +325,20 @@ impl AppBuilder {
            };
            let mut ws = Workspace::new_with_db(workspace_user_id, db.clone())
                .with_search_config(&self.config.search);
+
            if let Some(ref emb) = embeddings {
                ws = ws.with_embeddings_cached(emb.clone(), emb_cache_config);
            }
+
+            // Wire workspace-level settings (read scopes, memory layers)
+            if !self.config.workspace.read_scopes.is_empty() {
+                ws = ws.with_additional_read_scopes(self.config.workspace.read_scopes.clone());
+                tracing::info!(
+                    user_id = workspace_user_id,
+                    read_scopes = ?ws.read_user_ids(),
+                    "Workspace configured with multi-scope reads"
+                );
+            }
            ws = ws.with_memory_layers(self.config.workspace.memory_layers.clone());
            let ws = Arc::new(ws);
            tools.register_memory_tools(Arc::clone(&ws));
@@ -386,7 +397,7 @@ impl AppBuilder {
            let b = tools
                .register_builder_tool(llm.clone(), Some(self.config.builder.to_builder_config()))
                .await;
-            tracing::info!("Builder mode enabled");
+            tracing::debug!("Builder mode enabled");
            Some(b)
        } else {
            None
@@ -729,13 +740,13 @@ impl AppBuilder {
        self.init_database().await?;
        self.init_secrets().await?;

-        // Post-init validation: if a non-nearai backend was selected but
-        // credentials were never resolved (deferred resolution found no keys),
-        // fail early with a clear error instead of a confusing runtime failure.
-        if self.config.llm.backend != "nearai"
-            && self.config.llm.backend != "bedrock"
-            && self.config.llm.backend != "openai_codex"
-            && self.config.llm.provider.is_none()
+        // Post-init validation: backends with dedicated config (nearai, gemini_oauth,
+        // bedrock, openai_codex) handle their own credential resolution. For registry-based
+        // backends, fail early if no provider config was resolved.
+        if !matches!(
+            self.config.llm.backend.as_str(),
+            "nearai" | "gemini_oauth" | "bedrock" | "openai_codex"
+        ) && self.config.llm.provider.is_none()
        {
            let backend = &self.config.llm.backend;
            anyhow::bail!(
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 //! Boot screen displayed after all initialization completes.
 //!
-//! Shows a polished ANSI-styled status panel summarizing the agent's runtime
-//! state: model, database, tool count, enabled features, active channels,
-//! and the gateway URL.
+//! Shows a compact ANSI-styled status panel with three tiers:
+//! - **Tier 1 (always):** Name + version, model + backend.
+//! - **Tier 2 (conditional):** Gateway URL, tunnel URL, non-default channels.
+//! - **Tier 3 (removed):** Database, tool count, features → use `ironclaw status`.
+
+use crate::cli::fmt;

 /// All displayable fields for the boot screen.
 pub struct BootInfo {
@@ -29,112 +32,76 @@ pub struct BootInfo {
    pub tunnel_url: Option<String>,
    /// Provider name for the managed tunnel (e.g., "ngrok").
    pub tunnel_provider: Option<String>,
+    /// Time elapsed during startup. Shown at the bottom when present.
+    pub startup_elapsed: Option<std::time::Duration>,
 }

-/// Print the boot screen to stdout.
-pub fn print_boot_screen(info: &BootInfo) {
-    // ANSI codes matching existing REPL palette
-    let bold = "\x1b[1m";
-    let cyan = "\x1b[36m";
-    let dim = "\x1b[90m";
-    let yellow = "\x1b[33m";
-    let yellow_underline = "\x1b[33;4m";
-    let reset = "\x1b[0m";
+const KW: usize = 10;

-    let border = format!("  {dim}{}{reset}", "\u{2576}".repeat(58));
+/// Print the boot screen to stdout.
+///
+/// **Tier 1 (always):** Name + version, model + backend.
+/// **Tier 2 (conditional):** Gateway URL, tunnel URL, non-default channels.
+/// **Tier 3 (removed):** Database, tool count, features — use `ironclaw status`.
+pub fn print_boot_screen(info: &BootInfo) {
+    let border = format!("  {}", fmt::separator(58));

    println!();
    println!("{border}");
    println!();
-    println!("  {bold}{}{reset} v{}", info.agent_name, info.version);
+
+    // ── Tier 1: always shown ──────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    println!(
+        "  {}{}{} v{}",
+        fmt::bold(),
+        info.agent_name,
+        fmt::reset(),
+        info.version
+    );
    println!();

    // Model line
    let model_display = if let Some(ref cheap) = info.cheap_model {
        format!(
-            "{cyan}{}{reset}  {dim}cheap{reset} {cyan}{}{reset}",
-            info.llm_model, cheap
+            "{}{}{}  {}cheap{} {}{}{}",
+            fmt::accent(),
+            info.llm_model,
+            fmt::reset(),
+            fmt::dim(),
+            fmt::reset(),
+            fmt::accent(),
+            cheap,
+            fmt::reset(),
        )
    } else {
-        format!("{cyan}{}{reset}", info.llm_model)
+        format!("{}{}{}", fmt::accent(), info.llm_model, fmt::reset())
    };
    println!(
-        "  {dim}model{reset}     {model_display}  {dim}via {}{reset}",
-        info.llm_backend
+        "  {}{:<width$}{}  {model_display}  {}via {}{}",
+        fmt::dim(),
+        "model",
+        fmt::reset(),
+        fmt::dim(),
+        info.llm_backend,
+        fmt::reset(),
+        width = KW,
    );

-    // Database line
-    let db_status = if info.db_connected {
-        "connected"
-    } else {
-        "none"
-    };
-    println!(
-        "  {dim}database{reset}  {cyan}{}{reset} {dim}({db_status}){reset}",
-        info.db_backend
-    );
+    // ── Tier 2: conditional ───────────────────────────────────────────

-    // Tools line
-    println!(
-        "  {dim}tools{reset}     {cyan}{}{reset} {dim}registered{reset}",
-        info.tool_count
-    );
-
-    // Features line
-    let mut features = Vec::new();
-    if info.embeddings_enabled {
-        if let Some(ref provider) = info.embeddings_provider {
-            features.push(format!("embeddings ({provider})"));
-        } else {
-            features.push("embeddings".to_string());
-        }
-    }
-    if info.heartbeat_enabled {
-        let mins = info.heartbeat_interval_secs / 60;
-        features.push(format!("heartbeat ({mins}m)"));
-    }
-    match info.docker_status {
-        crate::sandbox::detect::DockerStatus::Available => {
-            features.push("sandbox".to_string());
-        }
-        crate::sandbox::detect::DockerStatus::NotInstalled => {
-            features.push(format!("{yellow}sandbox (docker not installed){reset}"));
-        }
-        crate::sandbox::detect::DockerStatus::NotRunning => {
-            features.push(format!("{yellow}sandbox (docker not running){reset}"));
-        }
-        crate::sandbox::detect::DockerStatus::Disabled => {
-            // Don't show sandbox when disabled
-        }
-    }
-    if info.claude_code_enabled {
-        features.push("claude-code".to_string());
-    }
-    if info.routines_enabled {
-        features.push("routines".to_string());
-    }
-    if info.skills_enabled {
-        features.push("skills".to_string());
-    }
-    if !features.is_empty() {
-        println!(
-            "  {dim}features{reset}  {cyan}{}{reset}",
-            features.join("  ")
-        );
-    }
-
-    // Channels line
-    if !info.channels.is_empty() {
-        println!(
-            "  {dim}channels{reset}  {cyan}{}{reset}",
-            info.channels.join("  ")
-        );
-    }
-
-    // Gateway URL (highlighted)
+    // Gateway URL
    if let Some(ref url) = info.gateway_url {
-        println!();
-        println!("  {dim}gateway{reset}   {yellow_underline}{url}{reset}");
+        println!(
+            "  {}{:<width$}{}  {}{}{}",
+            fmt::dim(),
+            "gateway",
+            fmt::reset(),
+            fmt::link(),
+            url,
+            fmt::reset(),
+            width = KW,
+        );
    }

    // Tunnel URL
@@ -142,15 +109,140 @@ pub fn print_boot_screen(info: &BootInfo) {
        let provider_tag = info
            .tunnel_provider
            .as_deref()
-            .map(|p| format!(" {dim}({p}){reset}"))
+            .map(|p| format!("  {}({}){}", fmt::dim(), p, fmt::reset()))
            .unwrap_or_default();
-        println!("  {dim}tunnel{reset}    {yellow_underline}{url}{reset}{provider_tag}");
+        println!(
+            "  {}{:<width$}{}  {}{}{}{}",
+            fmt::dim(),
+            "tunnel",
+            fmt::reset(),
+            fmt::link(),
+            url,
+            fmt::reset(),
+            provider_tag,
+            width = KW,
+        );
    }

+    // Non-default channels (skip if only the default set)
+    let non_default: Vec<&str> = info
+        .channels
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|c| !matches!(c.as_str(), "repl" | "gateway"))
+        .map(|c| c.as_str())
+        .collect();
+    if !non_default.is_empty() {
+        println!(
+            "  {}{:<width$}{}  {}{}{}",
+            fmt::dim(),
+            "channels",
+            fmt::reset(),
+            fmt::accent(),
+            non_default.join("  "),
+            fmt::reset(),
+            width = KW,
+        );
+    }
+
+    // ── Tier 3: compact feature tags ──────────────────────────────────
+
+    let mut tags: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
+
+    // Database
+    if info.db_connected {
+        tags.push(format!("db:{}", info.db_backend));
+    }
+
+    // Tool count
+    if info.tool_count > 0 {
+        tags.push(format!("tools:{}", info.tool_count));
+    }
+
+    // Routines
+    if info.routines_enabled {
+        tags.push("routines".to_string());
+    }
+
+    // Heartbeat with interval
+    if info.heartbeat_enabled {
+        let interval = if info.heartbeat_interval_secs >= 3600
+            && info.heartbeat_interval_secs.is_multiple_of(3600)
+        {
+            format!("{}h", info.heartbeat_interval_secs / 3600)
+        } else if info.heartbeat_interval_secs >= 60
+            && info.heartbeat_interval_secs.is_multiple_of(60)
+        {
+            format!("{}m", info.heartbeat_interval_secs / 60)
+        } else {
+            format!("{}s", info.heartbeat_interval_secs)
+        };
+        tags.push(format!("heartbeat:{interval}"));
+    }
+
+    // Skills
+    if info.skills_enabled {
+        tags.push("skills".to_string());
+    }
+
+    // Sandbox / Docker
+    if info.sandbox_enabled {
+        let suffix = match info.docker_status {
+            crate::sandbox::detect::DockerStatus::Available => "",
+            crate::sandbox::detect::DockerStatus::NotRunning => ":stopped",
+            _ => ":unavail",
+        };
+        tags.push(format!("sandbox{suffix}"));
+    }
+
+    // Embeddings
+    if info.embeddings_enabled {
+        if let Some(ref provider) = info.embeddings_provider {
+            tags.push(format!("embeddings:{provider}"));
+        } else {
+            tags.push("embeddings".to_string());
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Claude Code bridge
+    if info.claude_code_enabled {
+        tags.push("claude-code".to_string());
+    }
+
+    if !tags.is_empty() {
+        println!(
+            "  {}{:<width$}{}  {}",
+            fmt::dim(),
+            "features",
+            fmt::reset(),
+            tags.join("  "),
+            width = KW,
+        );
+    }
+
+    // ── Footer ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
    println!();
    println!("{border}");
-    println!();
-    println!("  /help for commands, /quit to exit");
+
+    // Startup elapsed
+    if let Some(elapsed) = info.startup_elapsed {
+        let millis = elapsed.as_millis();
+        let elapsed_str = if millis < 1000 {
+            format!("{millis}ms")
+        } else {
+            let secs = elapsed.as_secs_f64();
+            format!("{secs:.1}s")
+        };
+        println!("  {}ready in {}{}", fmt::dim(), elapsed_str, fmt::reset());
+    }
+
+    // Hint to run `ironclaw status` for full details
+    println!(
+        "  {}Run `ironclaw status` for full system details.{}",
+        fmt::hint(),
+        fmt::reset()
+    );
+
    println!();
 }

@@ -187,6 +279,7 @@ mod tests {
            ],
            tunnel_url: Some("https://abc123.ngrok.io".to_string()),
            tunnel_provider: Some("ngrok".to_string()),
+            startup_elapsed: None,
        };
        // Should not panic
        print_boot_screen(&info);
@@ -216,6 +309,7 @@ mod tests {
            channels: vec![],
            tunnel_url: None,
            tunnel_provider: None,
+            startup_elapsed: None,
        };
        // Should not panic
        print_boot_screen(&info);
@@ -245,6 +339,7 @@ mod tests {
            channels: vec!["repl".to_string()],
            tunnel_url: None,
            tunnel_provider: None,
+            startup_elapsed: None,
        };
        // Should not panic
        print_boot_screen(&info);
@@ -568,14 +568,12 @@ impl Drop for PidLock {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
    use super::*;
+    use crate::config::helpers::lock_env;
    use std::process::Command;
-    use std::sync::Mutex;
    use std::thread;
    use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
    use tempfile::tempdir;

-    static ENV_MUTEX: Mutex<()> = Mutex::new(());
-
    #[test]
    fn test_save_and_load_database_url() {
        let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
@@ -669,8 +667,23 @@ INJECTED="pwned"#;

    #[test]
    fn test_ironclaw_env_path() {
-        let path = ironclaw_env_path();
-        assert!(path.ends_with(".ironclaw/.env"));
+        // Use compute_ironclaw_base_dir() directly to avoid LazyLock caching,
+        // which can be poisoned by whichever test initializes it first.
+        let _guard = lock_env();
+        let old_val = std::env::var("IRONCLAW_BASE_DIR").ok();
+        // SAFETY: Under lock_env(), no concurrent env access.
+        unsafe { std::env::remove_var("IRONCLAW_BASE_DIR") };
+
+        let path = compute_ironclaw_base_dir().join(".env");
+        assert!(
+            path.ends_with(".ironclaw/.env"),
+            "expected path ending with .ironclaw/.env, got: {}",
+            path.display()
+        );
+
+        if let Some(val) = old_val {
+            unsafe { std::env::set_var("IRONCLAW_BASE_DIR", val) };
+        }
    }

    #[test]
@@ -836,7 +849,7 @@ INJECTED="pwned"#;

    #[test]
    fn test_libsql_autodetect_sets_backend_when_db_exists() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().unwrap();
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        let old_val = std::env::var("DATABASE_BACKEND").ok();
        // SAFETY: ENV_MUTEX ensures single-threaded access to env vars in tests
        unsafe { std::env::remove_var("DATABASE_BACKEND") };
@@ -907,7 +920,7 @@ INJECTED="pwned"#;

    #[test]
    fn test_libsql_autodetect_does_not_override_explicit_backend() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().unwrap();
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        let old_val = std::env::var("DATABASE_BACKEND").ok();
        // SAFETY: ENV_MUTEX ensures single-threaded access to env vars in tests
        unsafe { std::env::set_var("DATABASE_BACKEND", "postgres") };
@@ -1034,7 +1047,7 @@ INJECTED="pwned"#;
    fn test_ironclaw_base_dir_default() {
        // This test must run first (or in isolation) before the LazyLock is initialized.
        // It verifies that when IRONCLAW_BASE_DIR is not set, the default path is used.
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().unwrap();
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        let old_val = std::env::var("IRONCLAW_BASE_DIR").ok();
        // SAFETY: ENV_MUTEX ensures single-threaded access to env vars in tests
        unsafe { std::env::remove_var("IRONCLAW_BASE_DIR") };
@@ -1054,7 +1067,7 @@ INJECTED="pwned"#;
    fn test_ironclaw_base_dir_env_override() {
        // This test verifies that when IRONCLAW_BASE_DIR is set,
        // the custom path is used. Must run before LazyLock is initialized.
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().unwrap();
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        let old_val = std::env::var("IRONCLAW_BASE_DIR").ok();
        // SAFETY: ENV_MUTEX ensures single-threaded access to env vars in tests
        unsafe { std::env::set_var("IRONCLAW_BASE_DIR", "/custom/ironclaw/path") };
@@ -1076,7 +1089,7 @@ INJECTED="pwned"#;
    fn test_compute_base_dir_env_path_join() {
        // Verifies that ironclaw_env_path correctly joins .env to the base dir.
        // Uses compute_ironclaw_base_dir directly to avoid LazyLock caching.
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().unwrap();
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        let old_val = std::env::var("IRONCLAW_BASE_DIR").ok();
        // SAFETY: ENV_MUTEX ensures single-threaded access to env vars in tests
        unsafe { std::env::set_var("IRONCLAW_BASE_DIR", "/my/custom/dir") };
@@ -1098,7 +1111,7 @@ INJECTED="pwned"#;
    #[test]
    fn test_ironclaw_base_dir_empty_env() {
        // Verifies that empty IRONCLAW_BASE_DIR falls back to default.
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().unwrap();
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        let old_val = std::env::var("IRONCLAW_BASE_DIR").ok();
        // SAFETY: ENV_MUTEX ensures single-threaded access to env vars in tests
        unsafe { std::env::set_var("IRONCLAW_BASE_DIR", "") };
@@ -1120,7 +1133,7 @@ INJECTED="pwned"#;
    #[test]
    fn test_ironclaw_base_dir_special_chars() {
        // Verifies that paths with special characters are handled correctly.
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().unwrap();
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        let old_val = std::env::var("IRONCLAW_BASE_DIR").ok();
        // SAFETY: ENV_MUTEX ensures single-threaded access to env vars in tests
        unsafe { std::env::set_var("IRONCLAW_BASE_DIR", "/tmp/test_with-special.chars") };
@@ -333,6 +333,12 @@ pub enum StatusUpdate {
    },
    /// Suggested follow-up messages for the user.
    Suggestions { suggestions: Vec<String> },
+    /// Per-turn token usage and cost summary (shown as subtle metadata).
+    TurnCost {
+        input_tokens: u64,
+        output_tokens: u64,
+        cost_usd: String,
+    },
 }

 impl StatusUpdate {
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::io::{self, IsTerminal, Write};
 use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::sync::Mutex;
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};

 use async_trait::async_trait;
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ use tokio_stream::wrappers::ReceiverStream;
 use crate::agent::truncate_for_preview;
 use crate::bootstrap::ironclaw_base_dir;
 use crate::channels::{Channel, IncomingMessage, MessageStream, OutgoingResponse, StatusUpdate};
+use crate::cli::fmt;
 use crate::error::ChannelError;

 /// Max characters for tool result previews in the terminal.
@@ -119,7 +121,7 @@ impl Hinter for ReplHelper {

 impl Highlighter for ReplHelper {
    fn highlight_hint<'h>(&self, hint: &'h str) -> Cow<'h, str> {
-        Cow::Owned(format!("\x1b[90m{hint}\x1b[0m"))
+        Cow::Owned(format!("{}{hint}{}", fmt::dim(), fmt::reset()))
    }
 }

@@ -143,55 +145,207 @@ impl ConditionalEventHandler for EscInterruptHandler {
    }
 }

+/// Approval action chosen by the interactive selector.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+enum ApprovalAction {
+    Approve,
+    Always,
+    Deny,
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for ApprovalAction {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Self::Approve => write!(f, "Approve (y)"),
+            Self::Always => write!(f, "Always approve (a)"),
+            Self::Deny => write!(f, "Deny (n)"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ApprovalAction {
+    fn as_input(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Approve => "y",
+            Self::Always => "a",
+            Self::Deny => "n",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Interactive approval selector using crossterm raw mode.
+/// Returns the approval action string ("y", "a", or "n").
+fn run_approval_selector(allow_always: bool) -> Option<&'static str> {
+    use crossterm::{
+        cursor,
+        event::{self, Event as CtEvent, KeyCode as CtKeyCode, KeyEventKind},
+        execute,
+        terminal::{self, ClearType},
+    };
+
+    let options: Vec<ApprovalAction> = if allow_always {
+        vec![
+            ApprovalAction::Approve,
+            ApprovalAction::Always,
+            ApprovalAction::Deny,
+        ]
+    } else {
+        vec![ApprovalAction::Approve, ApprovalAction::Deny]
+    };
+
+    let num = options.len();
+    let mut sel: usize = 0;
+    // Total lines: options + hint line
+    let total_lines = (num + 1) as u16;
+
+    let render = |sel: usize| {
+        let mut w = io::stderr();
+        let pipe = format!("{}│{}", fmt::accent(), fmt::reset());
+        for (i, opt) in options.iter().enumerate() {
+            if i == sel {
+                let _ = write!(w, "  {pipe}  {}● {opt}{}\r\n", fmt::bold(), fmt::reset());
+            } else {
+                let _ = write!(w, "  {pipe}  {}○ {opt}{}\r\n", fmt::dim(), fmt::reset());
+            }
+        }
+        let _ = write!(
+            w,
+            "  {}└{} {}↑↓ enter to select{}\r\n",
+            fmt::accent(),
+            fmt::reset(),
+            fmt::dim(),
+            fmt::reset()
+        );
+        let _ = w.flush();
+    };
+
+    let _ = terminal::enable_raw_mode();
+    render(sel);
+
+    let result = loop {
+        let Ok(evt) = event::read() else { break None };
+        if let CtEvent::Key(key) = evt {
+            if key.kind != KeyEventKind::Press {
+                continue;
+            }
+            match key.code {
+                CtKeyCode::Up | CtKeyCode::Char('k') => {
+                    sel = if sel == 0 { num - 1 } else { sel - 1 };
+                }
+                CtKeyCode::Down | CtKeyCode::Char('j') => {
+                    sel = (sel + 1) % num;
+                }
+                CtKeyCode::Enter => break Some(options[sel].as_input()),
+                CtKeyCode::Char('y') | CtKeyCode::Char('Y') => break Some("y"),
+                CtKeyCode::Char('a') | CtKeyCode::Char('A') if allow_always => break Some("a"),
+                CtKeyCode::Char('n') | CtKeyCode::Char('N') => break Some("n"),
+                CtKeyCode::Esc => break None,
+                _ => continue,
+            }
+            // Redraw: move up, clear, render
+            let mut w = io::stderr();
+            let _ = execute!(w, cursor::MoveUp(total_lines));
+            let _ = execute!(w, terminal::Clear(ClearType::FromCursorDown));
+            render(sel);
+        }
+    };
+
+    let _ = terminal::disable_raw_mode();
+
+    // Overwrite selector with the confirmed choice
+    let mut w = io::stderr();
+    let _ = execute!(w, cursor::MoveUp(total_lines));
+    let _ = execute!(w, terminal::Clear(ClearType::FromCursorDown));
+    let (label, color) = if let Some(action) = result {
+        let l = options
+            .iter()
+            .find(|o| o.as_input() == action)
+            .unwrap_or(&options[0]);
+        let c = if action == "n" {
+            fmt::error()
+        } else {
+            fmt::success()
+        };
+        (l.to_string(), c)
+    } else {
+        (ApprovalAction::Deny.to_string(), fmt::error())
+    };
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        w,
+        "  {}└{} {color}● {label}{}",
+        fmt::accent(),
+        fmt::reset(),
+        fmt::reset()
+    );
+
+    result
+}
+
 /// Build a termimad skin with our color scheme.
 fn make_skin() -> MadSkin {
    let mut skin = MadSkin::default();
-    skin.set_headers_fg(termimad::crossterm::style::Color::Yellow);
-    skin.bold.set_fg(termimad::crossterm::style::Color::White);
-    skin.italic
-        .set_fg(termimad::crossterm::style::Color::Magenta);
-    skin.inline_code
-        .set_fg(termimad::crossterm::style::Color::Green);
-    skin.code_block
-        .set_fg(termimad::crossterm::style::Color::Green);
+    skin.set_headers_fg(crossterm::style::Color::Yellow);
+    skin.bold.set_fg(crossterm::style::Color::White);
+    skin.italic.set_fg(crossterm::style::Color::Magenta);
+    skin.inline_code.set_fg(crossterm::style::Color::Green);
+    skin.code_block.set_fg(crossterm::style::Color::Green);
    skin.code_block.left_margin = 2;
    skin
 }

+/// Truncate a string to `max_chars` using character boundaries.
+///
+/// For strings longer than `max_chars`, shows the first half and last half
+/// separated by `...` so both ends are visible.
+fn smart_truncate(s: &str, max_chars: usize) -> Cow<'_, str> {
+    let char_count = s.chars().count();
+    if char_count <= max_chars {
+        return Cow::Borrowed(s);
+    }
+    // Account for the 3-char "..." separator
+    let budget = max_chars.saturating_sub(3);
+    let head_len = budget / 2;
+    let tail_len = budget - head_len;
+    let head: String = s.chars().take(head_len).collect();
+    let tail: String = s
+        .chars()
+        .skip(char_count.saturating_sub(tail_len))
+        .collect();
+    Cow::Owned(format!("{head}...{tail}"))
+}
+
 /// Format JSON params as `key: value` lines for the approval card.
 fn format_json_params(params: &serde_json::Value, indent: &str) -> String {
+    let max_val_len = fmt::term_width().saturating_sub(8);
+
    match params {
        serde_json::Value::Object(map) => {
            let mut lines = Vec::new();
            for (key, value) in map {
                let val_str = match value {
                    serde_json::Value::String(s) => {
-                        let display = if s.len() > 120 { &s[..120] } else { s };
-                        format!("\x1b[32m\"{display}\"\x1b[0m")
+                        let display = smart_truncate(s, max_val_len);
+                        format!("{}\"{display}\"{}", fmt::success(), fmt::reset())
                    }
                    other => {
                        let rendered = other.to_string();
-                        if rendered.len() > 120 {
-                            format!("{}...", &rendered[..120])
-                        } else {
-                            rendered
-                        }
+                        smart_truncate(&rendered, max_val_len).into_owned()
                    }
                };
-                lines.push(format!("{indent}\x1b[36m{key}\x1b[0m: {val_str}"));
+                lines.push(format!(
+                    "{indent}{}{key}{}: {val_str}",
+                    fmt::accent(),
+                    fmt::reset()
+                ));
            }
            lines.join("\n")
        }
        other => {
            let pretty = serde_json::to_string_pretty(other).unwrap_or_else(|_| other.to_string());
-            let truncated = if pretty.len() > 300 {
-                format!("{}...", &pretty[..300])
-            } else {
-                pretty
-            };
+            let truncated = smart_truncate(&pretty, 300);
            truncated
                .lines()
-                .map(|l| format!("{indent}\x1b[90m{l}\x1b[0m"))
+                .map(|l| format!("{indent}{}{l}{}", fmt::dim(), fmt::reset()))
                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
                .join("\n")
        }
@@ -210,6 +364,12 @@ pub struct ReplChannel {
    is_streaming: Arc<AtomicBool>,
    /// When true, the one-liner startup banner is suppressed (boot screen shown instead).
    suppress_banner: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    /// Sender to inject messages into the agent loop (set after start()).
+    msg_tx: Arc<Mutex<Option<mpsc::Sender<IncomingMessage>>>>,
+    /// When true, the readline thread must yield stdin (approval selector or agent processing).
+    stdin_locked: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    /// Number of transient status lines (Thinking) to erase on next output.
+    transient_lines: std::sync::atomic::AtomicU8,
 }

 impl ReplChannel {
@@ -226,6 +386,9 @@ impl ReplChannel {
            debug_mode: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
            is_streaming: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
            suppress_banner: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
+            msg_tx: Arc::new(Mutex::new(None)),
+            stdin_locked: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
+            transient_lines: std::sync::atomic::AtomicU8::new(0),
        }
    }

@@ -242,6 +405,9 @@ impl ReplChannel {
            debug_mode: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
            is_streaming: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
            suppress_banner: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
+            msg_tx: Arc::new(Mutex::new(None)),
+            stdin_locked: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
+            transient_lines: std::sync::atomic::AtomicU8::new(0),
        }
    }

@@ -253,6 +419,17 @@ impl ReplChannel {
    fn is_debug(&self) -> bool {
        self.debug_mode.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
    }
+
+    /// Erase transient status lines (Thinking indicators) from the terminal.
+    fn clear_transient(&self) {
+        use crossterm::{cursor, execute, terminal};
+        let n = self.transient_lines.swap(0, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        if n > 0 {
+            let mut stderr = io::stderr();
+            let _ = execute!(stderr, cursor::MoveUp(n as u16));
+            let _ = execute!(stderr, terminal::Clear(terminal::ClearType::FromCursorDown));
+        }
+    }
 }

 impl Default for ReplChannel {
@@ -262,33 +439,30 @@ impl Default for ReplChannel {
 }

 fn print_help() {
-    // Bold white for section headers, bold cyan for commands, dim gray for descriptions
-    let h = "\x1b[1m"; // bold (section headers)
-    let c = "\x1b[1;36m"; // bold cyan (commands)
-    let d = "\x1b[90m"; // dim gray (descriptions)
-    let r = "\x1b[0m"; // reset
+    let h = fmt::bold();
+    let c = fmt::bold_accent();
+    let d = fmt::dim();
+    let r = fmt::reset();
+    let hi = fmt::hint();

    println!();
    println!("  {h}IronClaw REPL{r}");
    println!();
-    println!("  {h}Commands{r}");
-    println!("  {c}/help{r}              {d}show this help{r}");
-    println!("  {c}/debug{r}             {d}toggle verbose output{r}");
-    println!("  {c}/quit{r} {c}/exit{r}        {d}exit the repl{r}");
+    println!("  {h}Quick start{r}");
+    println!("    {c}/new{r}         {hi}Start a new thread{r}");
+    println!("    {c}/compact{r}     {hi}Compress context window{r}");
+    println!("    {c}/quit{r}        {hi}Exit{r}");
    println!();
-    println!("  {h}Conversation{r}");
-    println!("  {c}/undo{r}              {d}undo the last turn{r}");
-    println!("  {c}/redo{r}              {d}redo an undone turn{r}");
-    println!("  {c}/clear{r}             {d}clear conversation{r}");
-    println!("  {c}/compact{r}           {d}compact context window{r}");
-    println!("  {c}/new{r}               {d}new conversation thread{r}");
-    println!("  {c}/interrupt{r}         {d}stop current operation{r}");
-    println!("  {c}esc{r}                {d}stop current operation{r}");
-    println!();
-    println!("  {h}Approval responses{r}");
-    println!("  {c}yes{r} ({c}y{r})            {d}approve tool execution{r}");
-    println!("  {c}no{r} ({c}n{r})             {d}deny tool execution{r}");
-    println!("  {c}always{r} ({c}a{r})         {d}approve for this session{r}");
+    println!("  {h}All commands{r}");
+    println!(
+        "    {d}Conversation{r}  {c}/new{r} {c}/clear{r} {c}/compact{r} {c}/undo{r} {c}/redo{r} {c}/summarize{r} {c}/suggest{r}"
+    );
+    println!("    {d}Threads{r}       {c}/thread{r} {c}/resume{r} {c}/list{r}");
+    println!("    {d}Execution{r}     {c}/interrupt{r} {d}(esc){r} {c}/cancel{r}");
+    println!(
+        "    {d}System{r}        {c}/tools{r} {c}/model{r} {c}/version{r} {c}/status{r} {c}/debug{r} {c}/heartbeat{r}"
+    );
+    println!("    {d}Session{r}       {c}/help{r} {c}/quit{r}");
    println!();
 }

@@ -305,10 +479,15 @@ impl Channel for ReplChannel {

    async fn start(&self) -> Result<MessageStream, ChannelError> {
        let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(32);
+        // Store tx so send_status can inject approval responses directly
+        if let Ok(mut guard) = self.msg_tx.lock() {
+            *guard = Some(tx.clone());
+        }
        let single_message = self.single_message.clone();
        let user_id = self.user_id.clone();
        let debug_mode = Arc::clone(&self.debug_mode);
        let suppress_banner = Arc::clone(&self.suppress_banner);
+        let stdin_locked = Arc::clone(&self.stdin_locked);
        let esc_interrupt_triggered_for_thread = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));

        std::thread::spawn(move || {
@@ -357,18 +536,33 @@ impl Channel for ReplChannel {
            let _ = rl.load_history(&hist_path);

            if !suppress_banner.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
-                println!("\x1b[1mIronClaw\x1b[0m  /help for commands, /quit to exit");
+                println!(
+                    "{}IronClaw{}  /help for commands, /quit to exit",
+                    fmt::bold(),
+                    fmt::reset()
+                );
                println!();
            }

            loop {
+                // Yield stdin while approval selector or agent processing locks it
+                while stdin_locked.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+                    std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(50));
+                }
+
                let prompt = if debug_mode.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
-                    "\x1b[33m[debug]\x1b[0m \x1b[1;36m\u{203A}\x1b[0m "
+                    format!(
+                        "{}[debug]{} {}\u{203A}{} ",
+                        fmt::warning(),
+                        fmt::reset(),
+                        fmt::bold_accent(),
+                        fmt::reset()
+                    )
                } else {
-                    "\x1b[1;36m\u{203A}\x1b[0m "
+                    format!("{}\u{203A}{} ", fmt::bold_accent(), fmt::reset())
                };

-                match rl.readline(prompt) {
+                match rl.readline(&prompt) {
                    Ok(line) => {
                        let line = line.trim();
                        if line.is_empty() {
@@ -394,9 +588,9 @@ impl Channel for ReplChannel {
                                let current = debug_mode.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
                                debug_mode.store(!current, Ordering::Relaxed);
                                if !current {
-                                    println!("\x1b[90mdebug mode on\x1b[0m");
+                                    println!("{}debug mode on{}", fmt::dim(), fmt::reset());
                                } else {
-                                    println!("\x1b[90mdebug mode off\x1b[0m");
+                                    println!("{}debug mode off{}", fmt::dim(), fmt::reset());
                                }
                                continue;
                            }
@@ -405,7 +599,11 @@ impl Channel for ReplChannel {

                        let msg =
                            IncomingMessage::new("repl", &user_id, line).with_timezone(&sys_tz);
+                        // Lock stdin before sending so readline doesn't restart
+                        // while the agent is processing (approval selector needs stdin)
+                        stdin_locked.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
                        if tx.blocking_send(msg).is_err() {
+                            stdin_locked.store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
                            break;
                        }
                    }
@@ -456,21 +654,23 @@ impl Channel for ReplChannel {
        _msg: &IncomingMessage,
        response: OutgoingResponse,
    ) -> Result<(), ChannelError> {
-        let width = crossterm::terminal::size()
-            .map(|(w, _)| w as usize)
-            .unwrap_or(80);
+        let width = fmt::term_width();

        // If we were streaming, the content was already printed via StreamChunk.
        // Just finish the line and reset.
        if self.is_streaming.swap(false, Ordering::Relaxed) {
            println!();
            println!();
+            self.stdin_locked.store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
            return Ok(());
        }

+        // Clear any leftover thinking indicators
+        self.clear_transient();
+
        // Dim separator line before the response
        let sep_width = width.min(80);
-        eprintln!("\x1b[90m{}\x1b[0m", "\u{2500}".repeat(sep_width));
+        eprintln!("{}", fmt::separator(sep_width));

        // Render markdown
        let skin = make_skin();
@@ -478,6 +678,8 @@ impl Channel for ReplChannel {

        print!("{text}");
        println!();
+        // Unlock stdin so readline can resume
+        self.stdin_locked.store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
        Ok(())
    }

@@ -490,31 +692,34 @@ impl Channel for ReplChannel {

        match status {
            StatusUpdate::Thinking(msg) => {
+                self.clear_transient();
                let display = truncate_for_preview(&msg, CLI_STATUS_MAX);
-                eprintln!("  \x1b[90m\u{25CB} {display}\x1b[0m");
+                eprintln!("  {}\u{25CB} {display}{}", fmt::dim(), fmt::reset());
+                self.transient_lines.store(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
            }
            StatusUpdate::ToolStarted { name } => {
-                eprintln!("  \x1b[33m\u{25CB} {name}\x1b[0m");
+                self.clear_transient();
+                eprintln!("  {}\u{25CB} {name}{}", fmt::dim(), fmt::reset());
+                self.transient_lines.store(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
            }
            StatusUpdate::ToolCompleted { name, success, .. } => {
+                self.clear_transient();
                if success {
-                    eprintln!("  \x1b[32m\u{25CF} {name}\x1b[0m");
+                    eprintln!("  {}\u{25CF} {name}{}", fmt::success(), fmt::reset());
                } else {
-                    eprintln!("  \x1b[31m\u{2717} {name} (failed)\x1b[0m");
+                    eprintln!("  {}\u{2717} {name} (failed){}", fmt::error(), fmt::reset());
                }
            }
            StatusUpdate::ToolResult { name: _, preview } => {
                let display = truncate_for_preview(&preview, CLI_TOOL_RESULT_MAX);
-                eprintln!("    \x1b[90m{display}\x1b[0m");
+                eprintln!("    {}{display}{}", fmt::dim(), fmt::reset());
            }
            StatusUpdate::StreamChunk(chunk) => {
                // Print separator on the false-to-true transition
                if !self.is_streaming.swap(true, Ordering::Relaxed) {
-                    let width = crossterm::terminal::size()
-                        .map(|(w, _)| w as usize)
-                        .unwrap_or(80);
-                    let sep_width = width.min(80);
-                    eprintln!("\x1b[90m{}\x1b[0m", "\u{2500}".repeat(sep_width));
+                    self.clear_transient();
+                    let sep_width = fmt::term_width().min(80);
+                    eprintln!("{}", fmt::separator(sep_width));
                }
                print!("{chunk}");
                let _ = io::stdout().flush();
@@ -525,73 +730,67 @@ impl Channel for ReplChannel {
                browse_url,
            } => {
                eprintln!(
-                    "  \x1b[36m[job]\x1b[0m {title} \x1b[90m({job_id})\x1b[0m \x1b[4m{browse_url}\x1b[0m"
+                    "  {}[job]{} {title} {}({job_id}){} {}{browse_url}{}",
+                    fmt::accent(),
+                    fmt::reset(),
+                    fmt::dim(),
+                    fmt::reset(),
+                    fmt::link(),
+                    fmt::reset()
                );
            }
            StatusUpdate::Status(msg) => {
                if debug || msg.contains("approval") || msg.contains("Approval") {
                    let display = truncate_for_preview(&msg, CLI_STATUS_MAX);
-                    eprintln!("  \x1b[90m{display}\x1b[0m");
+                    eprintln!("  {}{display}{}", fmt::dim(), fmt::reset());
                }
            }
            StatusUpdate::ApprovalNeeded {
-                request_id,
+                request_id: _,
                tool_name,
-                description,
+                description: _,
                parameters,
                allow_always,
            } => {
-                let term_width = crossterm::terminal::size()
-                    .map(|(w, _)| w as usize)
-                    .unwrap_or(80);
-                let box_width = (term_width.saturating_sub(4)).clamp(40, 60);
+                self.clear_transient();
+                let pipe = format!("{}│{}", fmt::accent(), fmt::reset());

-                // Short request ID for the bottom border
-                let short_id = if request_id.len() > 8 {
-                    &request_id[..8]
-                } else {
-                    &request_id
-                };
-
-                // Top border: ┌ tool_name requires approval ───
-                let top_label = format!(" {tool_name} requires approval ");
-                let top_fill = box_width.saturating_sub(top_label.len() + 1);
-                let top_border = format!(
-                    "\u{250C}\x1b[33m{top_label}\x1b[0m{}",
-                    "\u{2500}".repeat(top_fill)
+                // Header: ◆ tool requires approval
+                eprintln!();
+                eprintln!(
+                    "  {}\u{25C6}  {}{tool_name}{} requires approval",
+                    fmt::accent(),
+                    fmt::bold(),
+                    fmt::reset()
                );

-                // Bottom border: └─ short_id ─────
-                let bot_label = format!(" {short_id} ");
-                let bot_fill = box_width.saturating_sub(bot_label.len() + 2);
-                let bot_border = format!(
-                    "\u{2514}\u{2500}\x1b[90m{bot_label}\x1b[0m{}",
-                    "\u{2500}".repeat(bot_fill)
-                );
-
-                eprintln!();
-                eprintln!("  {top_border}");
-                eprintln!("  \u{2502} \x1b[90m{description}\x1b[0m");
-                eprintln!("  \u{2502}");
-
-                // Params
-                let param_lines = format_json_params(&parameters, "  \u{2502}   ");
-                // The format_json_params already includes the indent prefix
-                // but we need to handle the case where each line already starts with it
-                for line in param_lines.lines() {
-                    eprintln!("{line}");
+                // Params: │  key  value
+                let param_lines = format_json_params(&parameters, &format!("  {pipe}  "));
+                if !param_lines.is_empty() {
+                    eprintln!("  {pipe}");
+                    for line in param_lines.lines() {
+                        eprintln!("{line}");
+                    }
                }
-
-                eprintln!("  \u{2502}");
-                if allow_always {
-                    eprintln!(
-                        "  \u{2502} \x1b[32myes\x1b[0m (y) / \x1b[34malways\x1b[0m (a) / \x1b[31mno\x1b[0m (n)"
-                    );
-                } else {
-                    eprintln!("  \u{2502} \x1b[32myes\x1b[0m (y) / \x1b[31mno\x1b[0m (n)");
-                }
-                eprintln!("  {bot_border}");
-                eprintln!();
+                eprintln!("  {pipe}");
+                // Run interactive selector directly from send_status
+                // stdin is already locked by Thinking/ToolStarted, so the
+                // readline thread is not competing for stdin.
+                let msg_tx = Arc::clone(&self.msg_tx);
+                let user_id = self.user_id.clone();
+                let lock_flag = Arc::clone(&self.stdin_locked);
+                tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
+                    let action = run_approval_selector(allow_always).unwrap_or("n");
+                    // Unlock stdin so readline can resume after approval
+                    lock_flag.store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
+                    let Ok(guard) = msg_tx.lock() else {
+                        return;
+                    };
+                    if let Some(tx) = guard.as_ref() {
+                        let msg = IncomingMessage::new("repl", &user_id, action);
+                        let _ = tx.blocking_send(msg);
+                    }
+                });
            }
            StatusUpdate::AuthRequired {
                extension_name,
@@ -600,12 +799,16 @@ impl Channel for ReplChannel {
                ..
            } => {
                eprintln!();
-                eprintln!("\x1b[33m  Authentication required for {extension_name}\x1b[0m");
+                eprintln!(
+                    "{}  Authentication required for {extension_name}{}",
+                    fmt::warning(),
+                    fmt::reset()
+                );
                if let Some(ref instr) = instructions {
                    eprintln!("  {instr}");
                }
                if let Some(ref url) = setup_url {
-                    eprintln!("  \x1b[4m{url}\x1b[0m");
+                    eprintln!("  {}{url}{}", fmt::link(), fmt::reset());
                }
                eprintln!();
            }
@@ -615,21 +818,32 @@ impl Channel for ReplChannel {
                message,
            } => {
                if success {
-                    eprintln!("\x1b[32m  {extension_name}: {message}\x1b[0m");
+                    eprintln!(
+                        "{}  {extension_name}: {message}{}",
+                        fmt::success(),
+                        fmt::reset()
+                    );
                } else {
-                    eprintln!("\x1b[31m  {extension_name}: {message}\x1b[0m");
+                    eprintln!(
+                        "{}  {extension_name}: {message}{}",
+                        fmt::error(),
+                        fmt::reset()
+                    );
                }
            }
            StatusUpdate::ImageGenerated { path, .. } => {
                if let Some(ref p) = path {
-                    eprintln!("\x1b[36m  [image] {p}\x1b[0m");
+                    eprintln!("{}  [image] {p}{}", fmt::accent(), fmt::reset());
                } else {
-                    eprintln!("\x1b[36m  [image generated]\x1b[0m");
+                    eprintln!("{}  [image generated]{}", fmt::accent(), fmt::reset());
                }
            }
            StatusUpdate::Suggestions { .. } => {
                // Suggestions are only rendered by the web gateway
            }
+            StatusUpdate::TurnCost { .. } => {
+                // Cost display is handled by the TUI channel
+            }
        }
        Ok(())
    }
@@ -640,11 +854,9 @@ impl Channel for ReplChannel {
        response: OutgoingResponse,
    ) -> Result<(), ChannelError> {
        let skin = make_skin();
-        let width = crossterm::terminal::size()
-            .map(|(w, _)| w as usize)
-            .unwrap_or(80);
+        let width = fmt::term_width();

-        eprintln!("\x1b[34m\u{25CF}\x1b[0m notification");
+        eprintln!("{}\u{25CF}{} notification", fmt::accent(), fmt::reset());
        let text = termimad::FmtText::from(&skin, &response.content, Some(width));
        eprint!("{text}");
        eprintln!();
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ async fn register_channel(
    wasm_router: &Arc<WasmChannelRouter>,
 ) -> (String, Box<dyn crate::channels::Channel>) {
    let channel_name = loaded.name().to_string();
-    tracing::info!("Loaded WASM channel: {}", channel_name);
+    tracing::debug!("Loaded WASM channel: {}", channel_name);
    let owner_actor_id = config
        .channels
        .wasm_channel_owner_ids
@@ -3059,8 +3059,8 @@ fn status_to_wit(
            },
            metadata_json,
        },
-        // Suggestions are web-gateway-only; skip for WASM channels
-        StatusUpdate::Suggestions { .. } => return None,
+        // Suggestions and turn cost are web-gateway-only; skip for WASM channels
+        StatusUpdate::Suggestions { .. } | StatusUpdate::TurnCost { .. } => return None,
    })
 }

@@ -415,6 +415,16 @@ impl Channel for GatewayChannel {
                suggestions,
                thread_id,
            },
+            StatusUpdate::TurnCost {
+                input_tokens,
+                output_tokens,
+                cost_usd,
+            } => SseEvent::TurnCost {
+                input_tokens,
+                output_tokens,
+                cost_usd,
+                thread_id,
+            },
        };

        self.state.sse.broadcast(event);
@@ -1822,7 +1822,13 @@ async fn memory_write_handler(
        "Workspace not available".to_string(),
    ))?;

-    // Route through layer-aware methods when a layer is specified
+    // Route through layer-aware methods when a layer is specified.
+    //
+    // Note: unlike MemoryWriteTool, this endpoint does NOT block writes to
+    // identity files (IDENTITY.md, SOUL.md, etc.). The HTTP API is an
+    // authenticated admin interface; the supervisor uses it to seed identity
+    // files at startup. Identity-file protection is enforced at the tool
+    // layer (LLM-facing) where the write originates from an untrusted agent.
    if let Some(ref layer_name) = req.layer {
        let result = if req.append {
            workspace
@@ -144,6 +144,7 @@ impl SseManager {
                    SseEvent::Heartbeat => "heartbeat",
                    SseEvent::ImageGenerated { .. } => "image_generated",
                    SseEvent::Suggestions { .. } => "suggestions",
+                    SseEvent::TurnCost { .. } => "turn_cost",
                    SseEvent::ExtensionStatus { .. } => "extension_status",
                };
                Ok(Event::default().event(event_type).data(data))
@@ -61,8 +61,16 @@ if (mql.addEventListener) {
  mql.addListener(onSchemeChange);
 }

-// Bind theme toggle button (CSP-compliant — no inline onclick).
+// Bind theme toggle buttons (CSP-compliant — no inline onclick).
 document.getElementById('theme-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleTheme);
+document.getElementById('settings-theme-toggle')?.addEventListener('click', () => {
+  toggleTheme();
+  const btn = document.getElementById('settings-theme-toggle');
+  if (btn) {
+    const mode = localStorage.getItem('ironclaw-theme') || 'system';
+    btn.textContent = 'Theme: ' + mode.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + mode.slice(1);
+  }
+});

 let token = '';
 let eventSource = null;
@@ -87,6 +95,19 @@ let authFlowPending = false;
 let _ghostSuggestion = '';
 let currentSettingsSubtab = 'inference';

+// --- Streaming Debounce State ---
+let _streamBuffer = '';
+let _streamDebounceTimer = null;
+const STREAM_DEBOUNCE_MS = 50;
+
+// --- Connection Status Banner State ---
+let _connectionLostTimer = null;
+let _connectionLostAt = null;
+let _reconnectAttempts = 0;
+
+// --- Send Cooldown State ---
+let _sendCooldown = false;
+
 // --- Slash Commands ---

 const SLASH_COMMANDS = [
@@ -126,12 +147,36 @@ function authenticate() {
    return;
  }

+  // Loading state for Connect button
+  const connectBtn = document.getElementById('auth-connect-btn');
+  if (connectBtn) {
+    connectBtn.disabled = true;
+    connectBtn.textContent = 'Connecting...';
+  }
+
  // Test the token against the health-ish endpoint (chat/threads requires auth)
  apiFetch('/api/chat/threads')
    .then(() => {
      sessionStorage.setItem('ironclaw_token', token);
-      document.getElementById('auth-screen').style.display = 'none';
-      document.getElementById('app').style.display = 'flex';
+      const authScreen = document.getElementById('auth-screen');
+      const app = document.getElementById('app');
+      // Cross-fade: fade out auth screen, then show app
+      if (authScreen) authScreen.style.opacity = '0';
+      // Show app container (invisible — opacity:0 in CSS) so layout computes
+      app.style.display = 'flex';
+      // Position tab indicator instantly (no transition) before fade-in
+      const indicator = document.getElementById('tab-indicator');
+      if (indicator) indicator.style.transition = 'none';
+      updateTabIndicator();
+      // Force layout so the instant position is applied, then restore transition
+      if (indicator) {
+        void indicator.offsetLeft;
+        indicator.style.transition = '';
+      }
+      // Now fade in
+      app.classList.add('visible');
+      // Hide auth screen after fade-out transition completes
+      setTimeout(() => { if (authScreen) authScreen.style.display = 'none'; }, 300);
      // Strip token and log_level from URL so they're not visible in the address bar
      const cleaned = new URL(window.location);
      const urlLogLevel = cleaned.searchParams.get('log_level');
@@ -155,8 +200,14 @@ function authenticate() {
    .catch(() => {
      sessionStorage.removeItem('ironclaw_token');
      document.getElementById('auth-screen').style.display = '';
+      document.getElementById('auth-screen').style.opacity = '';
      document.getElementById('app').style.display = 'none';
      document.getElementById('auth-error').textContent = I18n.t('auth.errorInvalid');
+      // Reset Connect button on error
+      if (connectBtn) {
+        connectBtn.disabled = false;
+        connectBtn.textContent = 'Connect';
+      }
    });
 }

@@ -164,29 +215,8 @@ document.getElementById('token-input').addEventListener('keydown', (e) => {
  if (e.key === 'Enter') authenticate();
 });

-// --- Static element event bindings (CSP-compliant, no inline handlers) ---
-document.getElementById('auth-connect-btn').addEventListener('click', () => authenticate());
-document.getElementById('restart-overlay').addEventListener('click', () => cancelRestart());
-document.getElementById('restart-close-btn').addEventListener('click', () => cancelRestart());
-document.getElementById('restart-cancel-btn').addEventListener('click', () => cancelRestart());
-document.getElementById('restart-confirm-btn').addEventListener('click', () => confirmRestart());
-document.getElementById('language-btn').addEventListener('click', () => toggleLanguageMenu());
-// Language option clicks handled by delegated data-action="switch-language" handler.
-document.getElementById('restart-btn').addEventListener('click', () => triggerRestart());
-document.getElementById('thread-new-btn').addEventListener('click', () => createNewThread());
-document.getElementById('thread-toggle-btn').addEventListener('click', () => toggleThreadSidebar());
-document.getElementById('assistant-thread').addEventListener('click', () => switchToAssistant());
-document.getElementById('send-btn').addEventListener('click', () => sendMessage());
-document.getElementById('memory-edit-btn').addEventListener('click', () => startMemoryEdit());
-document.getElementById('memory-save-btn').addEventListener('click', () => saveMemoryEdit());
-document.getElementById('memory-cancel-btn').addEventListener('click', () => cancelMemoryEdit());
-document.getElementById('logs-server-level').addEventListener('change', function() { setServerLogLevel(this.value); });
-document.getElementById('logs-pause-btn').addEventListener('click', () => toggleLogsPause());
-document.getElementById('logs-clear-btn').addEventListener('click', () => clearLogs());
-document.getElementById('wasm-install-btn').addEventListener('click', () => installWasmExtension());
-document.getElementById('mcp-add-btn').addEventListener('click', () => addMcpServer());
-document.getElementById('skill-search-btn').addEventListener('click', () => searchClawHub());
-document.getElementById('skill-install-btn').addEventListener('click', () => installSkillFromForm());
+// Note: main event listener registration is at the bottom of this file (search
+// "Event Listener Registration"). Do NOT add duplicate listeners here.

 // Auto-authenticate from URL param or saved session
 (function autoAuth() {
@@ -221,7 +251,9 @@ function apiFetch(path, options) {
  return fetch(path, opts).then((res) => {
    if (!res.ok) {
      return res.text().then(function(body) {
-        throw new Error(body || (res.status + ' ' + res.statusText));
+        const err = new Error(body || (res.status + ' ' + res.statusText));
+        err.status = res.status;
+        throw err;
      });
    }
    if (res.status === 204) return null;
@@ -327,6 +359,25 @@ function connectSSE() {
  eventSource.onopen = () => {
    document.getElementById('sse-dot').classList.remove('disconnected');
    document.getElementById('sse-status').textContent = I18n.t('status.connected');
+    _reconnectAttempts = 0;
+
+    // Dismiss connection-lost banner and show reconnected flash
+    if (_connectionLostTimer) {
+      clearTimeout(_connectionLostTimer);
+      _connectionLostTimer = null;
+    }
+    const lostBanner = document.getElementById('connection-banner');
+    if (lostBanner) {
+      const wasDisconnectedLong = _connectionLostAt && (Date.now() - _connectionLostAt > 10000);
+      lostBanner.textContent = 'Reconnected';
+      lostBanner.className = 'connection-banner connection-banner-success';
+      setTimeout(() => { lostBanner.remove(); }, 2000);
+      _connectionLostAt = null;
+      // If disconnected >10s, reload chat history to catch missed messages
+      if (wasDisconnectedLong && currentThreadId) {
+        loadHistory();
+      }
+    }

    // If we were restarting, close the modal and reset button now that server is back
    if (isRestarting) {
@@ -347,8 +398,28 @@ function connectSSE() {
  };

  eventSource.onerror = () => {
+    _reconnectAttempts++;
    document.getElementById('sse-dot').classList.add('disconnected');
    document.getElementById('sse-status').textContent = I18n.t('status.reconnecting');
+
+    // Update existing banner with attempt count
+    const existingBanner = document.getElementById('connection-banner');
+    if (existingBanner && existingBanner.classList.contains('connection-banner-warning')) {
+      existingBanner.textContent = 'Connection lost. Reconnecting... (attempt ' + _reconnectAttempts + ')';
+    }
+
+    // Start connection-lost banner timer (3s delay)
+    if (!_connectionLostTimer && !existingBanner) {
+      _connectionLostAt = _connectionLostAt || Date.now();
+      _connectionLostTimer = setTimeout(() => {
+        _connectionLostTimer = null;
+        // Only show if still disconnected
+        const dot = document.getElementById('sse-dot');
+        if (dot?.classList.contains('disconnected')) {
+          showConnectionBanner('Connection lost. Reconnecting... (attempt ' + _reconnectAttempts + ')', 'warning');
+        }
+      }, 3000);
+    }
  };

  eventSource.addEventListener('response', (e) => {
@@ -360,6 +431,19 @@ function connectSSE() {
      }
      return;
    }
+    // Flush any remaining streaming buffer
+    if (_streamDebounceTimer) {
+      clearInterval(_streamDebounceTimer);
+      _streamDebounceTimer = null;
+    }
+    if (_streamBuffer) {
+      appendToLastAssistant(_streamBuffer);
+      _streamBuffer = '';
+    }
+    // Remove streaming attribute from active assistant message
+    const streamingMsg = document.querySelector('.message.assistant[data-streaming="true"]');
+    if (streamingMsg) streamingMsg.removeAttribute('data-streaming');
+
    finalizeActivityGroup();
    addMessage('assistant', data.content);
    enableChatInput();
@@ -417,7 +501,31 @@ function connectSSE() {
    const data = JSON.parse(e.data);
    if (!isCurrentThread(data.thread_id)) return;
    finalizeActivityGroup();
-    appendToLastAssistant(data.content);
+
+    // Mark the active assistant message as streaming
+    const container = document.getElementById('chat-messages');
+    let lastAssistant = container.querySelector('.message.assistant:last-of-type');
+    if (!lastAssistant) {
+      addMessage('assistant', '');
+      lastAssistant = container.querySelector('.message.assistant:last-of-type');
+    }
+    if (lastAssistant) lastAssistant.setAttribute('data-streaming', 'true');
+
+    // Accumulate chunks and debounce rendering at 50ms intervals
+    _streamBuffer += data.content;
+    // Force flush when buffer exceeds 10K chars to prevent memory buildup
+    if (_streamBuffer.length > 10000) {
+      appendToLastAssistant(_streamBuffer);
+      _streamBuffer = '';
+    }
+    if (!_streamDebounceTimer) {
+      _streamDebounceTimer = setInterval(() => {
+        if (_streamBuffer) {
+          appendToLastAssistant(_streamBuffer);
+          _streamBuffer = '';
+        }
+      }, STREAM_DEBOUNCE_MS);
+    }
  });

  eventSource.addEventListener('status', (e) => {
@@ -487,6 +595,22 @@ function connectSSE() {
    }
  });

+  eventSource.addEventListener('turn_cost', (e) => {
+    const event = JSON.parse(e.data);
+    if (!isCurrentThread(event.thread_id)) return;
+    // Add cost badge below last assistant message
+    const messages = document.querySelectorAll('.message.assistant');
+    const lastMsg = messages[messages.length - 1];
+    const tokens = (event.input_tokens || 0) + (event.output_tokens || 0);
+    if (lastMsg && tokens > 0) {
+      const badge = document.createElement('div');
+      badge.className = 'turn-cost-badge';
+      const cost = event.cost_usd ? ' \u00b7 ' + event.cost_usd : '';
+      badge.textContent = tokens.toLocaleString() + ' tokens' + cost;
+      lastMsg.appendChild(badge);
+    }
+  });
+
  // Job event listeners (activity stream for all sandbox jobs)
  const jobEventTypes = [
    'job_message', 'job_tool_use', 'job_tool_result',
@@ -578,6 +702,7 @@ function clearSuggestionChips() {

 function sendMessage() {
  clearSuggestionChips();
+  removeWelcomeCard();
  const input = document.getElementById('chat-input');
  if (authFlowPending) {
    showToast('Complete the auth step before sending chat messages.', 'info');
@@ -589,10 +714,11 @@ function sendMessage() {
    console.warn('sendMessage: no thread selected, ignoring');
    return;
  }
+  if (_sendCooldown) return;
  const content = input.value.trim();
  if (!content && stagedImages.length === 0) return;

-  addMessage('user', content || '(images attached)');
+  const userMsg = addMessage('user', content || '(images attached)');
  input.value = '';
  autoResizeTextarea(input);
  input.focus();
@@ -608,7 +734,33 @@ function sendMessage() {
    method: 'POST',
    body: body,
  }).catch((err) => {
-    addMessage('system', 'Failed to send: ' + err.message);
+    // Handle rate limiting (429)
+    if (err.status === 429) {
+      showToast('Rate limited. Please wait.', 'error');
+      _sendCooldown = true;
+      const sendBtn = document.getElementById('send-btn');
+      if (sendBtn) sendBtn.disabled = true;
+      setTimeout(() => {
+        _sendCooldown = false;
+        if (sendBtn) sendBtn.disabled = false;
+      }, 2000);
+    }
+    // Keep the user message in DOM, add a retry link
+    if (userMsg) {
+      userMsg.classList.add('send-failed');
+      userMsg.style.borderStyle = 'dashed';
+      const retryLink = document.createElement('a');
+      retryLink.className = 'retry-link';
+      retryLink.href = '#';
+      retryLink.textContent = 'Retry';
+      retryLink.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
+        e.preventDefault();
+        if (userMsg.parentNode) userMsg.parentNode.removeChild(userMsg);
+        input.value = content;
+        sendMessage();
+      });
+      userMsg.appendChild(retryLink);
+    }
  });
 }

@@ -887,11 +1039,36 @@ function copyMessage(btn) {
  });
 }

+let _lastMessageDate = null;
+
+function maybeInsertTimeSeparator(container, timestamp) {
+  const date = timestamp ? new Date(timestamp) : new Date();
+  const dateStr = date.toDateString();
+  if (_lastMessageDate === dateStr) return;
+  _lastMessageDate = dateStr;
+
+  const now = new Date();
+  const today = now.toDateString();
+  const yesterday = new Date(now.getTime() - 86400000).toDateString();
+
+  let label;
+  if (dateStr === today) label = 'Today';
+  else if (dateStr === yesterday) label = 'Yesterday';
+  else label = date.toLocaleDateString(undefined, { month: 'short', day: 'numeric', year: 'numeric' });
+
+  const sep = document.createElement('div');
+  sep.className = 'time-separator';
+  sep.textContent = label;
+  container.appendChild(sep);
+}
+
 function addMessage(role, content) {
  const container = document.getElementById('chat-messages');
+  maybeInsertTimeSeparator(container);
  const div = createMessageElement(role, content);
  container.appendChild(div);
  container.scrollTop = container.scrollHeight;
+  return div;
 }

 function appendToLastAssistant(chunk) {
@@ -905,6 +1082,14 @@ function appendToLastAssistant(chunk) {
    const content = last.querySelector('.message-content');
    if (content) {
      content.innerHTML = renderMarkdown(raw);
+      // Syntax highlighting for code blocks
+      if (typeof hljs !== 'undefined') {
+        requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+          content.querySelectorAll('pre code').forEach(block => {
+            hljs.highlightElement(block);
+          });
+        });
+      }
    }
    container.scrollTop = container.scrollHeight;
  } else {
@@ -992,16 +1177,14 @@ function addToolCard(name) {

  const body = document.createElement('div');
  body.className = 'activity-tool-body';
-  body.style.display = 'none';

  const output = document.createElement('pre');
  output.className = 'activity-tool-output';
  body.appendChild(output);

  header.addEventListener('click', () => {
-    const isOpen = body.style.display !== 'none';
-    body.style.display = isOpen ? 'none' : 'block';
-    chevron.classList.toggle('expanded', !isOpen);
+    body.classList.toggle('expanded');
+    chevron.classList.toggle('expanded', body.classList.contains('expanded'));
  });

  card.appendChild(header);
@@ -1060,7 +1243,7 @@ function completeToolCard(name, success, error, parameters) {
      // Auto-expand so the error is immediately visible
      const body = entry.card.querySelector('.activity-tool-body');
      const chevron = entry.card.querySelector('.activity-tool-chevron');
-      if (body) body.style.display = 'block';
+      if (body) body.classList.add('expanded');
      if (chevron) chevron.classList.add('expanded');
    }
  }
@@ -1547,6 +1730,13 @@ function loadHistory(before) {
  const isPaginating = !!before;
  if (isPaginating) loadingOlder = true;

+  // Show skeleton while loading (only for fresh loads)
+  if (!isPaginating) {
+    const chatContainer = document.getElementById('chat-messages');
+    chatContainer.innerHTML = '';
+    chatContainer.appendChild(renderSkeleton('message', 3));
+  }
+
  apiFetch(historyUrl).then((data) => {
    const container = document.getElementById('chat-messages');

@@ -1564,6 +1754,10 @@ function loadHistory(before) {
          addMessage('assistant', turn.response);
        }
      }
+      // Show welcome card when history is empty
+      if (data.turns.length === 0) {
+        showWelcomeCard();
+      }
      // Show processing indicator if the last turn is still in-progress
      var lastTurn = data.turns.length > 0 ? data.turns[data.turns.length - 1] : null;
      if (lastTurn && !lastTurn.response && lastTurn.state === 'Processing') {
@@ -1610,6 +1804,30 @@ function createMessageElement(role, content) {
  const div = document.createElement('div');
  div.className = 'message ' + role;

+  const ts = document.createElement('span');
+  ts.className = 'message-timestamp';
+  ts.textContent = new Date().toLocaleTimeString([], { hour: '2-digit', minute: '2-digit' });
+  div.appendChild(ts);
+
+  // Message content
+  const contentEl = document.createElement('div');
+  contentEl.className = 'message-content';
+  if (role === 'user' || role === 'system') {
+    contentEl.textContent = content;
+  } else {
+    div.setAttribute('data-raw', content);
+    contentEl.innerHTML = renderMarkdown(content);
+    // Syntax highlighting for code blocks
+    if (typeof hljs !== 'undefined') {
+      requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+        contentEl.querySelectorAll('pre code').forEach(block => {
+          hljs.highlightElement(block);
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  }
+  div.appendChild(contentEl);
+
  if (role === 'assistant' || role === 'user') {
    div.classList.add('has-copy');
    div.setAttribute('data-copy-text', content);
@@ -1625,15 +1843,6 @@ function createMessageElement(role, content) {
    div.appendChild(copyBtn);
  }

-  const body = document.createElement('div');
-  body.className = 'message-content';
-  if (role === 'user' || role === 'system') {
-    body.textContent = content;
-  } else {
-    div.setAttribute('data-raw', content);
-    body.innerHTML = renderMarkdown(content);
-  }
-  div.appendChild(body);
  return div;
 }

@@ -1731,6 +1940,13 @@ function debouncedLoadThreads() {
 }

 function loadThreads() {
+  // Show skeleton while loading
+  const threadListEl = document.getElementById('thread-list');
+  if (threadListEl && threadListEl.children.length === 0) {
+    threadListEl.innerHTML = '';
+    threadListEl.appendChild(renderSkeleton('row', 4));
+  }
+
  apiFetch('/api/chat/threads').then((data) => {
    // Pinned assistant thread
    if (data.assistant_thread) {
@@ -1828,6 +2044,11 @@ function switchToAssistant() {
  oldestTimestamp = null;
  loadHistory();
  loadThreads();
+  if (window.innerWidth <= 768) {
+    const sidebar = document.getElementById('thread-sidebar');
+    sidebar.classList.remove('expanded-mobile');
+    document.getElementById('thread-toggle-btn').innerHTML = '&raquo;';
+  }
 }

 function switchThread(threadId) {
@@ -1839,12 +2060,18 @@ function switchThread(threadId) {
  oldestTimestamp = null;
  loadHistory();
  loadThreads();
+  if (window.innerWidth <= 768) {
+    const sidebar = document.getElementById('thread-sidebar');
+    sidebar.classList.remove('expanded-mobile');
+    document.getElementById('thread-toggle-btn').innerHTML = '&raquo;';
+  }
 }

 function createNewThread() {
  apiFetch('/api/chat/thread/new', { method: 'POST' }).then((data) => {
    currentThreadId = data.id || null;
    document.getElementById('chat-messages').innerHTML = '';
+    showWelcomeCard();
    loadThreads();
  }).catch((err) => {
    showToast('Failed to create thread: ' + err.message, 'error');
@@ -1853,9 +2080,17 @@ function createNewThread() {

 function toggleThreadSidebar() {
  const sidebar = document.getElementById('thread-sidebar');
-  sidebar.classList.toggle('collapsed');
+  const isMobile = window.innerWidth <= 768;
+  if (isMobile) {
+    sidebar.classList.toggle('expanded-mobile');
+  } else {
+    sidebar.classList.toggle('collapsed');
+  }
  const btn = document.getElementById('thread-toggle-btn');
-  btn.innerHTML = sidebar.classList.contains('collapsed') ? '&raquo;' : '&laquo;';
+  const isOpen = isMobile
+    ? sidebar.classList.contains('expanded-mobile')
+    : !sidebar.classList.contains('collapsed');
+  btn.innerHTML = isOpen ? '&laquo;' : '&raquo;';
 }

 // Chat input auto-resize and keyboard handling
@@ -1922,6 +2157,10 @@ chatInput.addEventListener('input', () => {
    ghost.style.display = 'block';
    wrapper.classList.add('has-ghost');
  }
+  const sendBtn = document.getElementById('send-btn');
+  if (sendBtn) {
+    sendBtn.classList.toggle('active', chatInput.value.trim().length > 0);
+  }
 });
 chatInput.addEventListener('blur', () => {
  // Small delay so mousedown on autocomplete item fires first
@@ -1943,8 +2182,13 @@ document.getElementById('chat-messages').addEventListener('scroll', function ()
 });

 function autoResizeTextarea(el) {
+  const prev = el.offsetHeight;
  el.style.height = 'auto';
-  el.style.height = Math.min(el.scrollHeight, 120) + 'px';
+  const target = Math.min(el.scrollHeight, 120);
+  el.style.height = prev + 'px';
+  requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+    el.style.height = target + 'px';
+  });
 }

 // --- Tabs ---
@@ -1964,6 +2208,7 @@ function switchTab(tab) {
  document.querySelectorAll('.tab-panel').forEach((p) => {
    p.classList.toggle('active', p.id === 'tab-' + tab);
  });
+  applyAriaAttributes();

  if (tab === 'memory') loadMemoryTree();
  if (tab === 'jobs') loadJobs();
@@ -1974,8 +2219,26 @@ function switchTab(tab) {
  } else {
    stopPairingPoll();
  }
+  updateTabIndicator();
 }

+function updateTabIndicator() {
+  const indicator = document.getElementById('tab-indicator');
+  if (!indicator) return;
+  const activeBtn = document.querySelector('.tab-bar button[data-tab].active');
+  if (!activeBtn) {
+    indicator.style.width = '0';
+    return;
+  }
+  const bar = activeBtn.closest('.tab-bar');
+  const barRect = bar.getBoundingClientRect();
+  const btnRect = activeBtn.getBoundingClientRect();
+  indicator.style.left = (btnRect.left - barRect.left) + 'px';
+  indicator.style.width = btnRect.width + 'px';
+}
+
+window.addEventListener('resize', updateTabIndicator);
+
 // --- Memory (filesystem tree) ---

 let memorySearchTimeout = null;
@@ -4694,13 +4957,27 @@ document.addEventListener('keydown', (e) => {
    return;
  }

-  // Escape: close autocomplete, job detail, or blur input
+  // Mod+/: toggle shortcuts overlay
+  if (mod && e.key === '/') {
+    e.preventDefault();
+    toggleShortcutsOverlay();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Escape: close modals, autocomplete, job detail, or blur input
  if (e.key === 'Escape') {
    const acEl = document.getElementById('slash-autocomplete');
    if (acEl && acEl.style.display !== 'none') {
      hideSlashAutocomplete();
      return;
    }
+    // Close shortcuts overlay if open
+    const shortcutsOverlay = document.getElementById('shortcuts-overlay');
+    if (shortcutsOverlay?.style.display === 'flex') {
+      shortcutsOverlay.style.display = 'none';
+      return;
+    }
+    closeModals();
    if (currentJobId) {
      closeJobDetail();
    } else if (inInput) {
@@ -4732,9 +5009,17 @@ function switchSettingsSubtab(subtab) {
    searchInput.value = '';
    searchInput.dispatchEvent(new Event('input'));
  }
+  // On mobile, drill into detail view
+  if (window.innerWidth <= 768) {
+    document.querySelector('.settings-layout').classList.add('settings-detail-active');
+  }
  loadSettingsSubtab(subtab);
 }

+function settingsBack() {
+  document.querySelector('.settings-layout').classList.remove('settings-detail-active');
+}
+
 function loadSettingsSubtab(subtab) {
  if (subtab === 'inference') loadInferenceSettings();
  else if (subtab === 'agent') loadAgentSettings();
@@ -4870,6 +5155,19 @@ function renderCardsSkeleton(count) {
  return html;
 }

+function renderSkeleton(type, count) {
+  count = count || 3;
+  var container = document.createElement('div');
+  container.className = 'skeleton-container';
+  for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+    var el = document.createElement('div');
+    el.className = 'skeleton-' + type;
+    el.innerHTML = '<div class="skeleton-bar shimmer"></div>';
+    container.appendChild(el);
+  }
+  return container;
+}
+
 function loadInferenceSettings() {
  var container = document.getElementById('settings-inference-content');
  container.innerHTML = renderSettingsSkeleton(6);
@@ -4888,11 +5186,13 @@ function loadInferenceSettings() {
    };
    // Inject available model IDs as suggestions for the selected_model field
    var modelIds = (modelsData.data || []).map(function(m) { return m.id; }).filter(Boolean);
-    var llmGroup = INFERENCE_SETTINGS[0];
-    for (var i = 0; i < llmGroup.settings.length; i++) {
-      if (llmGroup.settings[i].key === 'selected_model') {
-        llmGroup.settings[i].suggestions = modelIds;
-        break;
+    if (modelIds.length > 0) {
+      var llmGroup = INFERENCE_SETTINGS[0];
+      for (var i = 0; i < llmGroup.settings.length; i++) {
+        if (llmGroup.settings[i].key === 'selected_model') {
+          llmGroup.settings[i].suggestions = modelIds;
+          break;
+        }
      }
    }
    container.innerHTML = '';
@@ -5020,34 +5320,30 @@ function renderStructuredSettingsRow(def, value, activeValue) {
  var placeholderText = activeValueText ? I18n.t('settings.envValue', { value: activeValueText }) : (def.placeholder || I18n.t('settings.envDefault'));

  if (def.type === 'boolean') {
-    var boolSel = document.createElement('select');
-    boolSel.className = 'settings-select';
-    boolSel.setAttribute('data-setting-key', def.key);
-    boolSel.setAttribute('aria-label', ariaLabel);
-    var boolDefault = document.createElement('option');
-    boolDefault.value = '';
-    boolDefault.textContent = activeValue !== undefined && activeValue !== null
-      ? '\u2014 ' + I18n.t('settings.envValue', { value: String(activeValue) }) + ' \u2014'
-      : '\u2014 ' + I18n.t('settings.useEnvDefault') + ' \u2014';
-    if (value === null || value === undefined) boolDefault.selected = true;
-    boolSel.appendChild(boolDefault);
-    var boolOn = document.createElement('option');
-    boolOn.value = 'true';
-    boolOn.textContent = I18n.t('settings.on');
-    if (value === true) boolOn.selected = true;
-    boolSel.appendChild(boolOn);
-    var boolOff = document.createElement('option');
-    boolOff.value = 'false';
-    boolOff.textContent = I18n.t('settings.off');
-    if (value === false) boolOff.selected = true;
-    boolSel.appendChild(boolOff);
-    boolSel.addEventListener('change', (function(k, el) {
-      return function() {
-        if (el.value === '') saveSetting(k, null);
-        else saveSetting(k, el.value === 'true');
-      };
-    })(def.key, boolSel));
-    inputWrap.appendChild(boolSel);
+    var toggle = document.createElement('div');
+    toggle.className = 'toggle-switch' + (value === 'true' || value === true ? ' on' : '');
+    toggle.setAttribute('role', 'switch');
+    toggle.setAttribute('aria-checked', value === 'true' || value === true ? 'true' : 'false');
+    toggle.setAttribute('aria-label', ariaLabel);
+    toggle.setAttribute('tabindex', '0');
+
+    var savedIndicator = document.createElement('span');
+    savedIndicator.className = 'settings-saved-indicator';
+    savedIndicator.textContent = I18n.t('settings.saved');
+
+    toggle.addEventListener('click', function() {
+      var isOn = this.classList.toggle('on');
+      this.setAttribute('aria-checked', isOn ? 'true' : 'false');
+      saveSetting(def.key, isOn ? 'true' : 'false', savedIndicator);
+    });
+    toggle.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) {
+      if (e.key === 'Enter' || e.key === ' ') {
+        e.preventDefault();
+        this.click();
+      }
+    });
+    inputWrap.appendChild(toggle);
+    inputWrap.appendChild(savedIndicator);
  } else if (def.type === 'select' && def.options) {
    var sel = document.createElement('select');
    sel.className = 'settings-select';
@@ -5421,16 +5717,207 @@ function showToast(message, type) {
  const container = document.getElementById('toasts');
  const toast = document.createElement('div');
  toast.className = 'toast toast-' + (type || 'info');
-  toast.textContent = message;
+
+  // Icon prefix
+  const icon = document.createElement('span');
+  icon.className = 'toast-icon';
+  if (type === 'success') icon.textContent = '\u2713';
+  else if (type === 'error') icon.textContent = '\u2717';
+  else icon.textContent = '\u2139';
+  toast.appendChild(icon);
+
+  // Message text
+  const text = document.createElement('span');
+  text.textContent = message;
+  toast.appendChild(text);
+
+  // Countdown bar
+  const countdown = document.createElement('div');
+  countdown.className = 'toast-countdown';
+  toast.appendChild(countdown);
+
  container.appendChild(toast);
  // Trigger slide-in
  requestAnimationFrame(() => toast.classList.add('visible'));
  setTimeout(() => {
-    toast.classList.remove('visible');
-    toast.addEventListener('transitionend', () => toast.remove());
+    toast.classList.add('dismissing');
+    toast.addEventListener('transitionend', () => toast.remove(), { once: true });
+    // Fallback removal if transitionend doesn't fire
+    setTimeout(() => { if (toast.parentNode) toast.remove(); }, 500);
  }, 4000);
 }

+// --- Welcome Card (Phase 4.2) ---
+
+function showWelcomeCard() {
+  const container = document.getElementById('chat-messages');
+  if (!container || container.querySelector('.welcome-card')) return;
+  const card = document.createElement('div');
+  card.className = 'welcome-card';
+
+  const heading = document.createElement('h2');
+  heading.className = 'welcome-heading';
+  heading.textContent = I18n.t('welcome.heading');
+  card.appendChild(heading);
+
+  const desc = document.createElement('p');
+  desc.className = 'welcome-description';
+  desc.textContent = I18n.t('welcome.description');
+  card.appendChild(desc);
+
+  const chips = document.createElement('div');
+  chips.className = 'welcome-chips';
+
+  const suggestions = [
+    { key: 'welcome.runTool', fallback: 'Run a tool' },
+    { key: 'welcome.checkJobs', fallback: 'Check job status' },
+    { key: 'welcome.searchMemory', fallback: 'Search memory' },
+    { key: 'welcome.manageRoutines', fallback: 'Manage routines' },
+    { key: 'welcome.systemStatus', fallback: 'System status' },
+    { key: 'welcome.writeCode', fallback: 'Write code' },
+  ];
+  suggestions.forEach(({ key, fallback }) => {
+    const chip = document.createElement('button');
+    chip.className = 'welcome-chip';
+    chip.textContent = I18n.t(key) || fallback;
+    chip.addEventListener('click', () => sendSuggestion(chip));
+    chips.appendChild(chip);
+  });
+
+  card.appendChild(chips);
+  container.appendChild(card);
+}
+
+function renderEmptyState({ icon, title, hint, action }) {
+  const wrapper = document.createElement('div');
+  wrapper.className = 'empty-state-card';
+
+  if (icon) {
+    const iconEl = document.createElement('div');
+    iconEl.className = 'empty-state-icon';
+    iconEl.textContent = icon;
+    wrapper.appendChild(iconEl);
+  }
+
+  if (title) {
+    const titleEl = document.createElement('div');
+    titleEl.className = 'empty-state-title';
+    titleEl.textContent = title;
+    wrapper.appendChild(titleEl);
+  }
+
+  if (hint) {
+    const hintEl = document.createElement('div');
+    hintEl.className = 'empty-state-hint';
+    hintEl.textContent = hint;
+    wrapper.appendChild(hintEl);
+  }
+
+  if (action) {
+    const btn = document.createElement('button');
+    btn.className = 'empty-state-action';
+    btn.textContent = action.label || 'Go';
+    if (action.onClick) btn.addEventListener('click', action.onClick);
+    wrapper.appendChild(btn);
+  }
+
+  return wrapper;
+}
+
+function sendSuggestion(btn) {
+  const textarea = document.getElementById('chat-input');
+  if (textarea) {
+    textarea.value = btn.textContent;
+    sendMessage();
+  }
+}
+
+function removeWelcomeCard() {
+  const card = document.querySelector('.welcome-card');
+  if (card) card.remove();
+}
+
+// --- Connection Status Banner (Phase 4.1) ---
+
+function showConnectionBanner(message, type) {
+  const existing = document.getElementById('connection-banner');
+  if (existing) existing.remove();
+
+  const banner = document.createElement('div');
+  banner.id = 'connection-banner';
+  banner.className = 'connection-banner connection-banner-' + type;
+  banner.textContent = message;
+  document.body.appendChild(banner);
+}
+
+// --- Keyboard Shortcut Helpers (Phase 7.4) ---
+
+function focusMemorySearch() {
+  const memSearch = document.getElementById('memory-search');
+  if (memSearch) {
+    if (currentTab !== 'memory') switchTab('memory');
+    memSearch.focus();
+  }
+}
+
+function toggleShortcutsOverlay() {
+  let overlay = document.getElementById('shortcuts-overlay');
+  if (!overlay) {
+    overlay = document.createElement('div');
+    overlay.id = 'shortcuts-overlay';
+    overlay.className = 'shortcuts-overlay';
+    overlay.style.display = 'none';
+    overlay.innerHTML =
+      '<div class="shortcuts-content">'
+      + '<h3>Keyboard Shortcuts</h3>'
+      + '<div class="shortcut-row"><kbd>Ctrl/Cmd + 1-5</kbd> Switch tabs</div>'
+      + '<div class="shortcut-row"><kbd>Ctrl/Cmd + N</kbd> New thread</div>'
+      + '<div class="shortcut-row"><kbd>Ctrl/Cmd + K</kbd> Focus search/input</div>'
+      + '<div class="shortcut-row"><kbd>Ctrl/Cmd + /</kbd> Toggle this overlay</div>'
+      + '<div class="shortcut-row"><kbd>Escape</kbd> Close modals</div>'
+      + '<button class="shortcuts-close">Close</button>'
+      + '</div>';
+    document.body.appendChild(overlay);
+    overlay.querySelector('.shortcuts-close').addEventListener('click', () => {
+      overlay.style.display = 'none';
+    });
+    overlay.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
+      if (e.target === overlay) overlay.style.display = 'none';
+    });
+  }
+  overlay.style.display = overlay.style.display === 'flex' ? 'none' : 'flex';
+}
+
+function closeModals() {
+  // Close shortcuts overlay
+  const shortcutsOverlay = document.getElementById('shortcuts-overlay');
+  if (shortcutsOverlay) shortcutsOverlay.style.display = 'none';
+
+  // Close restart confirmation modal
+  const restartModal = document.getElementById('restart-confirm-modal');
+  if (restartModal) restartModal.style.display = 'none';
+}
+
+// --- ARIA Accessibility (Phase 5.2) ---
+
+function applyAriaAttributes() {
+  const tabBar = document.querySelector('.tab-bar');
+  if (tabBar) tabBar.setAttribute('role', 'tablist');
+
+  document.querySelectorAll('.tab-bar button[data-tab]').forEach(btn => {
+    btn.setAttribute('role', 'tab');
+    btn.setAttribute('aria-selected', btn.classList.contains('active') ? 'true' : 'false');
+  });
+
+  document.querySelectorAll('.tab-panel').forEach(panel => {
+    panel.setAttribute('role', 'tabpanel');
+    panel.setAttribute('aria-hidden', panel.classList.contains('active') ? 'false' : 'true');
+  });
+}
+
+// Apply ARIA attributes on initial load
+applyAriaAttributes();
+
 // --- Utilities ---

 function escapeHtml(str) {
@@ -5469,6 +5956,17 @@ document.getElementById('skill-search-btn').addEventListener('click', () => sear
 document.getElementById('skill-install-btn').addEventListener('click', () => installSkillFromForm());
 document.getElementById('settings-export-btn').addEventListener('click', () => exportSettings());
 document.getElementById('settings-import-btn').addEventListener('click', () => importSettings());
+document.getElementById('settings-back-btn')?.addEventListener('click', () => settingsBack());
+
+// --- Mobile: close thread sidebar on outside click ---
+document.addEventListener('click', function(e) {
+  const sidebar = document.getElementById('thread-sidebar');
+  if (sidebar && sidebar.classList.contains('expanded-mobile') &&
+      !sidebar.contains(e.target)) {
+    sidebar.classList.remove('expanded-mobile');
+    document.getElementById('thread-toggle-btn').innerHTML = '&raquo;';
+  }
+});

 // --- Delegated Event Handlers (for dynamically generated HTML) ---

@@ -521,4 +521,29 @@ I18n.register('en', {
  'channels.replDesc': 'Simple read-eval-print loop for testing',
  'channels.configureVia': 'Configure via {env}',
  'channels.runWith': 'Run with: {cmd}',
+
+  // Welcome Card
+  'welcome.heading': 'What can I help you with?',
+  'welcome.description': 'IronClaw is your secure AI assistant. Choose a suggestion below or type your own message.',
+  'welcome.runTool': 'Run a tool',
+  'welcome.checkJobs': 'Check job status',
+  'welcome.searchMemory': 'Search memory',
+  'welcome.manageRoutines': 'Manage routines',
+  'welcome.systemStatus': 'System status',
+  'welcome.writeCode': 'Write code',
+
+  // Connection
+  'connection.disconnected': 'Disconnected — attempting to reconnect',
+  'connection.reconnecting': 'Reconnecting (attempt {count})...',
+  'connection.reconnected': 'Reconnected',
+
+  // Messages
+  'message.you': 'You',
+  'message.assistant': 'IronClaw',
+  'message.system': 'System',
+  'message.copy': 'Copy',
+  'message.copied': 'Copied!',
+
+  // Approval
+  'approval.pressY': 'Press Y to approve, N to deny',
 });
@@ -520,4 +520,29 @@ I18n.register('zh-CN', {
  'channels.replDesc': '用于测试的简单读取-求值-打印循环',
  'channels.configureVia': '通过 {env} 配置',
  'channels.runWith': '运行命令: {cmd}',
+
+  // Welcome Card
+  'welcome.heading': '有什么可以帮助您的？',
+  'welcome.description': 'IronClaw 是您的安全 AI 助手。选择下方的建议或输入您自己的消息。',
+  'welcome.runTool': '运行工具',
+  'welcome.checkJobs': '查看任务状态',
+  'welcome.searchMemory': '搜索记忆',
+  'welcome.manageRoutines': '管理例程',
+  'welcome.systemStatus': '系统状态',
+  'welcome.writeCode': '编写代码',
+
+  // Connection
+  'connection.disconnected': '已断开连接 — 正在尝试重新连接',
+  'connection.reconnecting': '正在重新连接（第 {count} 次尝试）...',
+  'connection.reconnected': '已重新连接',
+
+  // Messages
+  'message.you': '你',
+  'message.assistant': 'IronClaw',
+  'message.system': '系统',
+  'message.copy': '复制',
+  'message.copied': '已复制！',
+
+  // Approval
+  'approval.pressY': '按 Y 批准，N 拒绝',
 });
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@
  <div id="app">
    <!-- Tab Bar -->
    <div class="tab-bar">
+      <div class="tab-indicator" id="tab-indicator"></div>
      <button class="active" data-tab="chat" data-i18n="tab.chat">Chat</button>
      <button data-tab="memory" data-i18n="tab.memory">Memory</button>
      <button data-tab="jobs" data-i18n="tab.jobs">Jobs</button>
@@ -292,9 +293,11 @@
          <button class="settings-subtab" data-settings-subtab="extensions" data-i18n="tab.extensions">Extensions</button>
          <button class="settings-subtab" data-settings-subtab="mcp" data-i18n="settings.mcp">MCP</button>
          <button class="settings-subtab" data-settings-subtab="skills" data-i18n="tab.skills">Skills</button>
+          <button class="settings-theme-toggle" id="settings-theme-toggle" data-i18n="theme.tooltipSystem" title="Toggle theme">Theme</button>
        </div>
        <div class="settings-content">
          <div class="settings-toolbar">
+            <button id="settings-back-btn" class="settings-back-btn">&larr; Back</button>
            <div class="settings-search">
              <input type="text" id="settings-search-input" data-i18n-placeholder="settings.searchPlaceholder" placeholder="Search settings..." data-i18n-attr="aria-label" data-i18n="settings.searchPlaceholder" aria-label="Search settings...">
            </div>
@@ -254,6 +254,16 @@ pub enum SseEvent {
        thread_id: Option<String>,
    },

+    /// Per-turn token usage and cost summary.
+    #[serde(rename = "turn_cost")]
+    TurnCost {
+        input_tokens: u64,
+        output_tokens: u64,
+        cost_usd: String,
+        #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+        thread_id: Option<String>,
+    },
+
    /// Extension activation status change (WASM channels).
    #[serde(rename = "extension_status")]
    ExtensionStatus {
@@ -797,6 +807,7 @@ impl WsServerMessage {
            SseEvent::JobResult { .. } => "job_result",
            SseEvent::ImageGenerated { .. } => "image_generated",
            SseEvent::Suggestions { .. } => "suggestions",
+            SseEvent::TurnCost { .. } => "turn_cost",
            SseEvent::ExtensionStatus { .. } => "extension_status",
        };
        let data = serde_json::to_value(event).unwrap_or(serde_json::Value::Null);
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ impl WebhookServer {
                reason: format!("Failed to bind to {}: {}", self.config.addr, e),
            })?;

-        tracing::info!("Webhook server listening on {}", self.config.addr);
+        tracing::debug!("Webhook server listening on {}", self.config.addr);

        let (shutdown_tx, shutdown_rx) = oneshot::channel();
        self.shutdown_tx = Some(shutdown_tx);
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ impl WebhookServer {
        });
        self.handle = Some(handle);

-        tracing::info!("Webhook server listening on {}", new_addr);
+        tracing::debug!("Webhook server listening on {}", new_addr);

        (old_shutdown_tx, old_handle)
    }
@@ -7,12 +7,13 @@
 use std::path::PathBuf;

 use crate::bootstrap::ironclaw_base_dir;
+use crate::cli::fmt;
 use crate::settings::Settings;

 /// Run all diagnostic checks and print results.
 pub async fn run_doctor_command() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    println!("IronClaw Doctor");
-    println!("===============\n");
+    println!();
+    println!("  {}IronClaw Doctor{}", fmt::bold(), fmt::reset());

    let mut passed = 0u32;
    let mut failed = 0u32;
@@ -21,7 +22,9 @@ pub async fn run_doctor_command() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    // Load settings once for checks that need them.
    let settings = Settings::load();

-    // ── Settings & core config ─────────────────────────────────
+    // ── Core ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    section_header("Core");

    check(
        "Settings file",
@@ -63,7 +66,9 @@ pub async fn run_doctor_command() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
        &mut skipped,
    );

-    // ── Subsystem configuration checks ─────────────────────────
+    // ── Features ─────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    section_header("Features");

    check(
        "Embeddings",
@@ -121,7 +126,9 @@ pub async fn run_doctor_command() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
        &mut skipped,
    );

-    // ── External binary checks ────────────────────────────────
+    // ── External ─────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    section_header("External");

    check(
        "Docker daemon",
@@ -158,7 +165,18 @@ pub async fn run_doctor_command() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    // ── Summary ───────────────────────────────────────────────

    println!();
-    println!("  {passed} passed, {failed} failed, {skipped} skipped");
+    println!(
+        "  {}{} passed{}, {}{} failed{}, {}{} skipped{}",
+        fmt::success(),
+        passed,
+        fmt::reset(),
+        if failed > 0 { fmt::error() } else { fmt::dim() },
+        failed,
+        fmt::reset(),
+        fmt::dim(),
+        skipped,
+        fmt::reset(),
+    );

    if failed > 0 {
        println!("\n  Some checks failed. This is normal if you don't use those features.");
@@ -167,21 +185,38 @@ pub async fn run_doctor_command() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    Ok(())
 }

+/// Print a section header with a separator and bold group name.
+fn section_header(name: &str) {
+    println!();
+    println!("  {}", fmt::separator(36));
+    println!("  {}{}{}", fmt::bold(), name, fmt::reset());
+    println!();
+}
+
 // ── Individual checks ───────────────────────────────────────

 fn check(name: &str, result: CheckResult, passed: &mut u32, failed: &mut u32, skipped: &mut u32) {
    match result {
        CheckResult::Pass(detail) => {
            *passed += 1;
-            println!("  [pass] {name}: {detail}");
+            println!(
+                "{}",
+                fmt::check_line(fmt::StatusKind::Pass, name, &detail, 18)
+            );
        }
        CheckResult::Fail(detail) => {
            *failed += 1;
-            println!("  [FAIL] {name}: {detail}");
+            println!(
+                "{}",
+                fmt::check_line(fmt::StatusKind::Fail, name, &detail, 18)
+            );
        }
        CheckResult::Skip(reason) => {
            *skipped += 1;
-            println!("  [skip] {name}: {reason}");
+            println!(
+                "{}",
+                fmt::check_line(fmt::StatusKind::Skip, name, &reason, 18)
+            );
        }
    }
 }
@@ -657,7 +692,7 @@ mod tests {
            }
        }

-        let _mutex = crate::config::helpers::ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex");
+        let _mutex = crate::config::helpers::lock_env();
        let prev = std::env::var("LLM_BACKEND").ok();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX, no concurrent env access.
        unsafe {
@@ -777,7 +812,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn check_llm_config_shows_nearai_model_for_nearai_backend() {
-        let _guard = crate::config::helpers::ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex");
+        let _guard = crate::config::helpers::lock_env();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX, no concurrent env access.
        unsafe {
            std::env::remove_var("LLM_BACKEND");
@@ -804,7 +839,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn check_embeddings_disabled_by_default_returns_skip() {
-        let _guard = crate::config::helpers::ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex");
+        let _guard = crate::config::helpers::lock_env();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
        unsafe {
            std::env::remove_var("EMBEDDING_ENABLED");
@@ -826,7 +861,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn check_routines_enabled_by_default() {
-        let _guard = crate::config::helpers::ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex");
+        let _guard = crate::config::helpers::lock_env();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
        unsafe {
            std::env::remove_var("ROUTINES_ENABLED");
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+//! Shared terminal design system.
+//!
+//! Centralizes color tokens, rendering primitives, and width detection
+//! for consistent CLI output. Respects `NO_COLOR` env var and non-TTY
+//! output (piping to file, CI, etc.).
+
+use std::io::IsTerminal;
+
+// ── Color detection ─────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/// Returns `true` when ANSI colors should be emitted.
+///
+/// Disabled when:
+/// - `NO_COLOR` env var is set (any value — per <https://no-color.org/>)
+/// - stdout is not a terminal (pipe, file redirect, CI)
+fn colors_enabled() -> bool {
+    if std::env::var_os("NO_COLOR").is_some() {
+        return false;
+    }
+    std::io::stdout().is_terminal()
+}
+
+/// Returns `true` when the terminal supports 24-bit true-color.
+///
+/// Checks `$COLORTERM` for `truecolor` or `24bit`.
+fn truecolor_enabled() -> bool {
+    std::env::var("COLORTERM")
+        .map(|v| v.eq_ignore_ascii_case("truecolor") || v.eq_ignore_ascii_case("24bit"))
+        .unwrap_or(false)
+}
+
+// ── Color tokens ────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/// Emerald green accent — primary brand color.
+///
+/// Uses true-color `#34d399` when supported, falls back to basic green.
+pub fn accent() -> &'static str {
+    if !colors_enabled() {
+        return "";
+    }
+    if truecolor_enabled() {
+        "\x1b[38;2;52;211;153m"
+    } else {
+        "\x1b[32m"
+    }
+}
+
+/// Bold text.
+pub fn bold() -> &'static str {
+    if colors_enabled() { "\x1b[1m" } else { "" }
+}
+
+/// Green — success indicators.
+pub fn success() -> &'static str {
+    if colors_enabled() { "\x1b[32m" } else { "" }
+}
+
+/// Yellow — warning indicators.
+pub fn warning() -> &'static str {
+    if colors_enabled() { "\x1b[33m" } else { "" }
+}
+
+/// Red — error indicators.
+pub fn error() -> &'static str {
+    if colors_enabled() { "\x1b[31m" } else { "" }
+}
+
+/// Dim gray — labels, secondary text.
+pub fn dim() -> &'static str {
+    if colors_enabled() { "\x1b[90m" } else { "" }
+}
+
+/// Yellow underline — URLs and links.
+pub fn link() -> &'static str {
+    if colors_enabled() { "\x1b[33;4m" } else { "" }
+}
+
+/// Bold accent — commands and interactive elements.
+///
+/// Uses bold + true-color emerald when supported, falls back to bold green.
+pub fn bold_accent() -> &'static str {
+    if !colors_enabled() {
+        return "";
+    }
+    if truecolor_enabled() {
+        "\x1b[1;38;2;52;211;153m"
+    } else {
+        "\x1b[1;32m"
+    }
+}
+
+/// Dim italic — contextual tips and hints.
+pub fn hint() -> &'static str {
+    if colors_enabled() { "\x1b[2;3m" } else { "" }
+}
+
+/// Reset all attributes.
+pub fn reset() -> &'static str {
+    if colors_enabled() { "\x1b[0m" } else { "" }
+}
+
+// ── Width detection ─────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/// Detect terminal width, clamped to [40, 120].
+pub fn term_width() -> usize {
+    crossterm::terminal::size()
+        .map(|(w, _)| w as usize)
+        .unwrap_or(80)
+        .clamp(40, 120)
+}
+
+// ── Rendering primitives ────────────────────────────────────
+
+/// Horizontal separator line (dim `─` characters).
+pub fn separator(width: usize) -> String {
+    format!("{}{}{}", dim(), "\u{2500}".repeat(width), reset())
+}
+
+/// Key-value line with right-padded dim key and accent value.
+///
+/// ```text
+///   Database    libsql (connected)
+/// ```
+pub fn kv_line(key: &str, value: &str, key_width: usize) -> String {
+    format!(
+        "  {}{:<width$}{}  {}{}{}",
+        dim(),
+        key,
+        reset(),
+        accent(),
+        value,
+        reset(),
+        width = key_width,
+    )
+}
+
+/// Status icon for check results.
+///
+/// - `pass` → green `✓`
+/// - `fail` → red `✗`
+/// - `skip` → dim `○`
+pub fn status_icon(kind: StatusKind) -> String {
+    match kind {
+        StatusKind::Pass => format!("{}\u{2713}{}", success(), reset()),
+        StatusKind::Fail => format!("{}\u{2717}{}", error(), reset()),
+        StatusKind::Skip => format!("{}\u{25CB}{}", dim(), reset()),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Kind of status check result.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum StatusKind {
+    Pass,
+    Fail,
+    Skip,
+}
+
+/// Top border of a box with an optional label.
+///
+/// ```text
+/// ┌─ label ──────────────────┐
+/// ```
+pub fn box_top(label: &str, width: usize) -> String {
+    if label.is_empty() {
+        let fill = width.saturating_sub(2);
+        return format!("\u{250C}{}\u{2510}", "\u{2500}".repeat(fill));
+    }
+    let label_part = format!(" {} ", label);
+    // ┌ (1) + ─ (1) + label_part + fill + ┐ (1) = width
+    let fill = width.saturating_sub(label_part.len() + 3);
+    format!(
+        "\u{250C}\u{2500}{}{}{}\u{2510}",
+        bold(),
+        label_part,
+        reset(),
+    )
+    .replace("\u{2510}", &format!("{}\u{2510}", "\u{2500}".repeat(fill)))
+}
+
+/// Content line inside a box.
+///
+/// ```text
+/// │ content                  │
+/// ```
+pub fn box_line(content: &str, width: usize) -> String {
+    let inner = width.saturating_sub(4); // │ + space + space + │
+    let padded = if content.len() >= inner {
+        content.to_string()
+    } else {
+        format!("{}{}", content, " ".repeat(inner - content.len()))
+    };
+    format!("\u{2502} {} \u{2502}", padded)
+}
+
+/// Bottom border of a box.
+///
+/// ```text
+/// └──────────────────────────┘
+/// ```
+pub fn box_bottom(width: usize) -> String {
+    let fill = width.saturating_sub(2);
+    format!("\u{2514}{}\u{2518}", "\u{2500}".repeat(fill))
+}
+
+/// Format a check result line for doctor/status commands.
+///
+/// ```text
+///   ✓ Database          libsql (connected)
+///   ✗ Docker            not running — start with: open -a Docker
+///   ○ Embeddings        disabled
+/// ```
+pub fn check_line(kind: StatusKind, name: &str, detail: &str, name_width: usize) -> String {
+    format!(
+        "  {} {:<width$}  {}",
+        status_icon(kind),
+        name,
+        detail,
+        width = name_width,
+    )
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn separator_produces_correct_width() {
+        // In test environment NO_COLOR or non-TTY may be active,
+        // so strip ANSI to count visible characters.
+        let s = separator(10);
+        let visible: String = strip_ansi(&s);
+        assert_eq!(visible.chars().count(), 10);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kv_line_contains_key_and_value() {
+        let line = kv_line("model", "gpt-4o", 12);
+        let visible = strip_ansi(&line);
+        assert!(visible.contains("model"));
+        assert!(visible.contains("gpt-4o"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn status_icon_all_kinds() {
+        // Just verify no panic for each variant
+        let _ = status_icon(StatusKind::Pass);
+        let _ = status_icon(StatusKind::Fail);
+        let _ = status_icon(StatusKind::Skip);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn box_drawing() {
+        let top = box_top("test", 30);
+        let line = box_line("content", 30);
+        let bottom = box_bottom(30);
+
+        assert!(top.contains('\u{250C}')); // ┌
+        assert!(line.contains('\u{2502}')); // │
+        assert!(bottom.contains('\u{2514}')); // └
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn check_line_formatting() {
+        let line = check_line(StatusKind::Pass, "Database", "connected", 18);
+        let visible = strip_ansi(&line);
+        assert!(visible.contains("Database"));
+        assert!(visible.contains("connected"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn term_width_in_range() {
+        let w = term_width();
+        assert!(w >= 40);
+        assert!(w <= 120);
+    }
+
+    /// Strip ANSI escape sequences for visible-character counting.
+    fn strip_ansi(s: &str) -> String {
+        let mut result = String::new();
+        let mut in_escape = false;
+        for c in s.chars() {
+            if c == '\x1b' {
+                in_escape = true;
+                continue;
+            }
+            if in_escape {
+                if c == 'm' {
+                    in_escape = false;
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+            result.push(c);
+        }
+        result
+    }
+}
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ mod channels;
 mod completion;
 mod config;
 mod doctor;
+pub mod fmt;
 mod hooks;
 #[cfg(feature = "import")]
 pub mod import;
@@ -111,16 +112,20 @@ pub enum Command {
        skip_auth: bool,

        /// Reconfigure channels only
-        #[arg(long, conflicts_with_all = ["provider_only", "quick"])]
+        #[arg(long, conflicts_with_all = ["provider_only", "quick", "step"], help = "Deprecated: use --step channels")]
        channels_only: bool,

        /// Reconfigure LLM provider and model only
-        #[arg(long, conflicts_with_all = ["channels_only", "quick"])]
+        #[arg(long, conflicts_with_all = ["channels_only", "quick", "step"], help = "Deprecated: use --step provider")]
        provider_only: bool,

        /// Quick setup: auto-defaults everything except LLM provider and model
-        #[arg(long, conflicts_with_all = ["channels_only", "provider_only"])]
+        #[arg(long, conflicts_with_all = ["channels_only", "provider_only", "step"])]
        quick: bool,
+
+        /// Run only specific setup steps (comma-separated: provider, channels, model, database, security)
+        #[arg(long, value_delimiter = ',', conflicts_with_all = ["channels_only", "provider_only", "quick"])]
+        step: Vec<String>,
    },

    /// Manage configuration settings
@@ -758,7 +758,7 @@ mod tests {
    use crate::cli::oauth_defaults::{
        builtin_credentials, callback_host, callback_url, is_loopback_host, landing_html,
    };
-    use crate::config::helpers::ENV_MUTEX;
+    use crate::config::helpers::lock_env;

    #[test]
    fn test_is_loopback_host() {
@@ -775,7 +775,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn test_callback_host_default() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        let original = std::env::var("OAUTH_CALLBACK_HOST").ok();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX, no concurrent env access.
        unsafe {
@@ -792,7 +792,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn test_callback_host_env_override() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        let original_host = std::env::var("OAUTH_CALLBACK_HOST").ok();
        let original_url = std::env::var("IRONCLAW_OAUTH_CALLBACK_URL").ok();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX, no concurrent env access.
@@ -819,7 +819,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn test_callback_url_default() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        // Clear both env vars to test default behavior
        let original_url = std::env::var("IRONCLAW_OAUTH_CALLBACK_URL").ok();
        let original_host = std::env::var("OAUTH_CALLBACK_HOST").ok();
@@ -843,7 +843,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn test_callback_url_env_override() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        let original = std::env::var("IRONCLAW_OAUTH_CALLBACK_URL").ok();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX, no concurrent env access.
        unsafe {
@@ -1008,7 +1008,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn test_use_gateway_callback_false_by_default() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        let original = std::env::var("IRONCLAW_OAUTH_CALLBACK_URL").ok();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX, no concurrent env access.
        unsafe {
@@ -1024,7 +1024,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn test_use_gateway_callback_true_for_hosted() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        let original = std::env::var("IRONCLAW_OAUTH_CALLBACK_URL").ok();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX, no concurrent env access.
        unsafe {
@@ -1045,7 +1045,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn test_use_gateway_callback_false_for_localhost() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        let original = std::env::var("IRONCLAW_OAUTH_CALLBACK_URL").ok();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX, no concurrent env access.
        unsafe {
@@ -1063,7 +1063,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn test_use_gateway_callback_false_for_empty() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        let original = std::env::var("IRONCLAW_OAUTH_CALLBACK_URL").ok();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX, no concurrent env access.
        unsafe {
@@ -1083,7 +1083,7 @@ mod tests {
    fn test_build_platform_state_with_instance() {
        use crate::cli::oauth_defaults::{build_platform_state, decode_hosted_oauth_state};

-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        let original = std::env::var("IRONCLAW_INSTANCE_NAME").ok();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX, no concurrent env access.
        unsafe {
@@ -1107,7 +1107,7 @@ mod tests {
    fn test_build_platform_state_without_instance() {
        use crate::cli::oauth_defaults::{build_platform_state, decode_hosted_oauth_state};

-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        let original = std::env::var("IRONCLAW_INSTANCE_NAME").ok();
        let original_oc = std::env::var("OPENCLAW_INSTANCE_NAME").ok();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX, no concurrent env access.
@@ -1134,7 +1134,7 @@ mod tests {
    fn test_build_platform_state_with_openclaw_instance() {
        use crate::cli::oauth_defaults::{build_platform_state, decode_hosted_oauth_state};

-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        let original_ic = std::env::var("IRONCLAW_INSTANCE_NAME").ok();
        let original_oc = std::env::var("OPENCLAW_INSTANCE_NAME").ok();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX, no concurrent env access.
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 use std::path::PathBuf;

 use crate::bootstrap::ironclaw_base_dir;
+use crate::cli::fmt;
 use crate::settings::Settings;

 /// Load settings from JSON and TOML config files, matching the runtime
@@ -38,22 +39,25 @@ fn load_settings_from(json_path: &std::path::Path, toml_path: &std::path::Path)
 pub async fn run_status_command() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    let settings = load_settings();

-    println!("IronClaw Status");
-    println!("===============\n");
+    println!();
+    println!("  {}IronClaw Status{}", fmt::bold(), fmt::reset());
+    println!();

    // Version
    println!(
-        "  Version:     {} v{}",
-        env!("CARGO_PKG_NAME"),
-        env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION")
+        "{}",
+        fmt::kv_line(
+            "Version",
+            &format!("{} v{}", env!("CARGO_PKG_NAME"), env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION")),
+            12,
+        )
    );

    // Database
-    print!("  Database:    ");
    let db_backend = std::env::var("DATABASE_BACKEND")
        .ok()
        .unwrap_or_else(|| "postgres".to_string());
-    match db_backend.as_str() {
+    let db_value = match db_backend.as_str() {
        "libsql" | "turso" | "sqlite" => {
            let path = std::env::var("LIBSQL_PATH")
                .map(std::path::PathBuf::from)
@@ -64,77 +68,77 @@ pub async fn run_status_command() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
                } else {
                    ""
                };
-                println!("libSQL ({}{})", path.display(), turso);
+                format!("libSQL ({}{})", path.display(), turso)
            } else {
-                println!("libSQL (file missing: {})", path.display());
+                format!("libSQL (file missing: {})", path.display())
            }
        }
        _ => {
            if std::env::var("DATABASE_URL").is_ok() {
                match check_database().await {
-                    Ok(()) => println!("connected (PostgreSQL)"),
-                    Err(e) => println!("error ({})", e),
+                    Ok(()) => "connected (PostgreSQL)".to_string(),
+                    Err(e) => format!("error ({})", e),
                }
            } else {
-                println!("not configured");
+                "not configured".to_string()
            }
        }
-    }
+    };
+    println!("{}", fmt::kv_line("Database", &db_value, 12));

    // Session / Auth
-    print!("  Session:     ");
    let session_path = crate::config::llm::default_session_path();
-    if session_path.exists() {
-        println!("found ({})", session_path.display());
+    let session_value = if session_path.exists() {
+        format!("found ({})", session_path.display())
    } else {
-        println!("not found (run `ironclaw onboard`)");
-    }
+        "not found (run `ironclaw onboard`)".to_string()
+    };
+    println!("{}", fmt::kv_line("Session", &session_value, 12));

    // Secrets (auto-detect from env only; skip keychain probe to avoid
    // triggering macOS system password dialogs on a simple status check)
-    print!("  Secrets:     ");
-    if std::env::var("SECRETS_MASTER_KEY").is_ok() {
-        println!("configured (env)");
+    let secrets_value = if std::env::var("SECRETS_MASTER_KEY").is_ok() {
+        "configured (env)".to_string()
    } else {
        // We don't probe the keychain here because get_generic_password()
        // triggers macOS unlock+authorization dialogs, which is bad UX for
        // a read-only status command. If onboarding completed with keychain
        // storage, the key is there; we just can't cheaply verify it.
-        println!("env not set (keychain may be configured)");
-    }
+        "env not set (keychain may be configured)".to_string()
+    };
+    println!("{}", fmt::kv_line("Secrets", &secrets_value, 12));

    // Embeddings
-    print!("  Embeddings:  ");
    let emb_enabled = settings.embeddings.enabled
        || std::env::var("OPENAI_API_KEY").is_ok()
        || std::env::var("EMBEDDING_ENABLED")
            .map(|v| v == "true")
            .unwrap_or(false);
-    if emb_enabled {
-        println!(
+    let emb_value = if emb_enabled {
+        format!(
            "enabled (provider: {}, model: {})",
            settings.embeddings.provider, settings.embeddings.model
-        );
+        )
    } else {
-        println!("disabled");
-    }
+        "disabled".to_string()
+    };
+    println!("{}", fmt::kv_line("Embeddings", &emb_value, 12));

    // WASM tools
-    print!("  WASM Tools:  ");
    let tools_dir = settings
        .wasm
        .tools_dir
        .clone()
        .unwrap_or_else(default_tools_dir);
-    if tools_dir.exists() {
+    let tools_value = if tools_dir.exists() {
        let count = count_wasm_files(&tools_dir);
-        println!("{} installed ({})", count, tools_dir.display());
+        format!("{} installed ({})", count, tools_dir.display())
    } else {
-        println!("directory not found ({})", tools_dir.display());
-    }
+        format!("directory not found ({})", tools_dir.display())
+    };
+    println!("{}", fmt::kv_line("WASM Tools", &tools_value, 12));

    // WASM channels
-    print!("  Channels:    ");
    let channels_dir = settings
        .channels
        .wasm_channels_dir
@@ -153,35 +157,40 @@ pub async fn run_status_command() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
            channel_info.push(format!("{} wasm", wasm_count));
        }
    }
-    println!("{}", channel_info.join(", "));
+    println!("{}", fmt::kv_line("Channels", &channel_info.join(", "), 12));

    // Heartbeat
-    print!("  Heartbeat:   ");
    let hb_enabled = settings.heartbeat.enabled
        || std::env::var("HEARTBEAT_ENABLED")
            .map(|v| v == "true")
            .unwrap_or(false);
-    if hb_enabled {
-        println!("enabled (interval: {}s)", settings.heartbeat.interval_secs);
+    let hb_value = if hb_enabled {
+        format!("enabled (interval: {}s)", settings.heartbeat.interval_secs)
    } else {
-        println!("disabled");
-    }
+        "disabled".to_string()
+    };
+    println!("{}", fmt::kv_line("Heartbeat", &hb_value, 12));

    // MCP servers
-    print!("  MCP Servers: ");
-    match crate::tools::mcp::config::load_mcp_servers().await {
+    let mcp_value = match crate::tools::mcp::config::load_mcp_servers().await {
        Ok(servers) => {
            let enabled = servers.servers.iter().filter(|s| s.enabled).count();
            let total = servers.servers.len();
-            println!("{} enabled / {} configured", enabled, total);
+            format!("{} enabled / {} configured", enabled, total)
        }
-        Err(_) => println!("none configured"),
-    }
+        Err(_) => "none configured".to_string(),
+    };
+    println!("{}", fmt::kv_line("MCP Servers", &mcp_value, 12));

    // Config path
+    println!();
    println!(
-        "\n  Config:      {}",
-        crate::bootstrap::ironclaw_env_path().display()
+        "{}",
+        fmt::kv_line(
+            "Config",
+            &crate::bootstrap::ironclaw_env_path().display().to_string(),
+            12,
+        )
    );

    Ok(())
@@ -63,12 +63,12 @@ impl BuilderModeConfig {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
    use super::*;
-    use crate::config::helpers::ENV_MUTEX;
+    use crate::config::helpers::lock_env;
    use crate::settings::Settings;

    #[test]
    fn resolve_falls_back_to_settings() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        let mut settings = Settings::default();
        settings.builder.max_iterations = 99;
        settings.builder.auto_register = false;
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn env_overrides_settings() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        let mut settings = Settings::default();
        settings.builder.timeout_secs = 123;

@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ impl ChannelsConfig {
        let gateway = if gateway_enabled {
            let user_id = optional_env("GATEWAY_USER_ID")?
                .or_else(|| cs.gateway_user_id.clone())
-                .unwrap_or_else(|| "default".to_string());
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| owner_id.to_string());

            Some(GatewayConfig {
                host: optional_env("GATEWAY_HOST")?
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ fn default_channels_dir() -> PathBuf {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
    use crate::config::channels::*;
-    use crate::config::helpers::ENV_MUTEX;
+    use crate::config::helpers::lock_env;
    use crate::settings::Settings;

    #[test]
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn resolve_uses_settings_channel_values_with_owner_scope_user_ids() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        let mut settings = Settings::default();
        settings.channels.http_enabled = true;
        settings.channels.http_host = Some("127.0.0.2".to_string());
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ impl EmbeddingsConfig {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
    use super::*;
-    use crate::config::helpers::ENV_MUTEX;
+    use crate::config::helpers::lock_env;
    use crate::settings::{EmbeddingsSettings, Settings};
    use crate::testing::credentials::*;

@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn embeddings_disabled_not_overridden_by_openai_key() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        clear_embedding_env();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX, no concurrent env access.
        unsafe {
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn embeddings_enabled_from_settings() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        clear_embedding_env();

        let settings = Settings {
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn embeddings_env_override_takes_precedence() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        clear_embedding_env();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
        unsafe {
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn embedding_base_url_parsed_from_env() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        clear_embedding_env();

        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX, no concurrent env access.
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn embedding_base_url_defaults_to_none() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        clear_embedding_env();

        let settings = Settings::default();
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn cache_size_zero_rejected() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        clear_embedding_env();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
        unsafe {
@@ -14,6 +14,16 @@ use crate::config::INJECTED_VARS;
 #[cfg(test)]
 pub(crate) static ENV_MUTEX: std::sync::Mutex<()> = std::sync::Mutex::new(());

+/// Acquire the env-var mutex, recovering from poison.
+///
+/// A poisoned mutex means a previous test panicked while holding the lock.
+/// The env state might be slightly stale, but cascading every subsequent
+/// test into a `PoisonError` panic is far worse. Recover and carry on.
+#[cfg(test)]
+pub(crate) fn lock_env() -> std::sync::MutexGuard<'static, ()> {
+    ENV_MUTEX.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner())
+}
+
 /// Thread-safe mutable overlay for env vars set at runtime.
 ///
 /// Unlike `INJECTED_VARS` (which is set once at startup from the secrets
@@ -353,7 +363,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn real_env_var_takes_priority_over_runtime_override() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().unwrap();
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        let key = "IRONCLAW_TEST_ENV_PRIORITY_42";

        // Set runtime override
@@ -372,6 +382,26 @@ mod tests {
        assert_eq!(env_or_override(key), Some("override_value".to_string()));
    }

+    // --- lock_env poison recovery (regression for env mutex cascade) ---
+
+    #[test]
+    fn lock_env_recovers_from_poisoned_mutex() {
+        // Simulate a poisoned mutex: spawn a thread that panics while holding the lock.
+        let _ = std::thread::spawn(|| {
+            let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().unwrap();
+            panic!("intentional poison");
+        })
+        .join();
+
+        // The mutex is now poisoned. lock_env() should recover, not cascade.
+        assert!(ENV_MUTEX.lock().is_err(), "mutex should be poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env(); // must not panic
+        drop(_guard);
+
+        // Clean up so this test doesn't leave ENV_MUTEX permanently poisoned.
+        ENV_MUTEX.clear_poison();
+    }
+
    // --- validate_base_url tests (regression for #1103) ---

    #[test]
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use crate::llm::config::*;
 use crate::llm::registry::{ProviderProtocol, ProviderRegistry};
 use crate::llm::session::SessionConfig;
 use crate::settings::Settings;
+
 impl LlmConfig {
    /// Create a test-friendly config without reading env vars.
    #[cfg(feature = "libsql")]
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ impl LlmConfig {
            },
            provider: None,
            bedrock: None,
+            gemini_oauth: None,
            openai_codex: None,
            request_timeout_secs: 120,
            cheap_model: None,
@@ -73,11 +75,16 @@ impl LlmConfig {
            backend_lower == "nearai" || backend_lower == "near_ai" || backend_lower == "near";
        let is_bedrock =
            backend_lower == "bedrock" || backend_lower == "aws_bedrock" || backend_lower == "aws";
+        let is_gemini_oauth = backend_lower == "gemini_oauth" || backend_lower == "gemini-oauth";
        let is_openai_codex = backend_lower == "openai_codex"
            || backend_lower == "openai-codex"
            || backend_lower == "codex";

-        if !is_nearai && !is_bedrock && !is_openai_codex && registry.find(&backend_lower).is_none()
+        if !is_nearai
+            && !is_bedrock
+            && !is_gemini_oauth
+            && !is_openai_codex
+            && registry.find(&backend_lower).is_none()
        {
            tracing::warn!(
                "Unknown LLM backend '{}'. Will attempt as openai_compatible fallback.",
@@ -131,8 +138,8 @@ impl LlmConfig {
            smart_routing_cascade: parse_optional_env("SMART_ROUTING_CASCADE", true)?,
        };

-        // Resolve registry provider config (for non-NearAI, non-Bedrock, non-Codex backends)
-        let provider = if is_nearai || is_bedrock || is_openai_codex {
+        // Resolve registry provider config (for non-NearAI, non-Bedrock, non-Gemini, non-Codex backends)
+        let provider = if is_nearai || is_bedrock || is_gemini_oauth || is_openai_codex {
            None
        } else {
            Some(Self::resolve_registry_provider(
@@ -213,6 +220,19 @@ impl LlmConfig {

        let request_timeout_secs = parse_optional_env("LLM_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_SECS", 120)?;

+        let gemini_oauth = if backend_lower == "gemini_oauth" || backend_lower == "gemini-oauth" {
+            let model = Self::resolve_model("GEMINI_MODEL", settings, "gemini-2.5-flash")?;
+            let credentials_path = optional_env("GEMINI_CREDENTIALS_PATH")?
+                .map(PathBuf::from)
+                .unwrap_or_else(GeminiOauthConfig::default_credentials_path);
+            Some(GeminiOauthConfig {
+                model,
+                credentials_path,
+            })
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
+
        // Generic cheap model (works with any backend).
        // Falls back to NearAI-specific cheap_model in provider chain logic.
        let cheap_model = optional_env("LLM_CHEAP_MODEL")?;
@@ -226,6 +246,8 @@ impl LlmConfig {
                "nearai".to_string()
            } else if is_bedrock {
                "bedrock".to_string()
+            } else if is_gemini_oauth {
+                "gemini_oauth".to_string()
            } else if is_openai_codex {
                "openai_codex".to_string()
            } else if let Some(ref p) = provider {
@@ -237,6 +259,7 @@ impl LlmConfig {
            nearai,
            provider,
            bedrock,
+            gemini_oauth,
            openai_codex,
            request_timeout_secs,
            cheap_model,
@@ -509,7 +532,7 @@ pub fn default_session_path() -> PathBuf {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
    use super::*;
-    use crate::config::helpers::ENV_MUTEX;
+    use crate::config::helpers::lock_env;
    use crate::settings::Settings;
    use crate::testing::credentials::*;

@@ -525,7 +548,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn openai_compatible_uses_selected_model_when_llm_model_unset() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        clear_openai_compatible_env();

        let settings = Settings {
@@ -543,7 +566,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn openai_compatible_llm_model_env_overrides_selected_model() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        clear_openai_compatible_env();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
        unsafe {
@@ -667,7 +690,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn ollama_uses_selected_model_when_ollama_model_unset() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        clear_ollama_env();

        let settings = Settings {
@@ -684,7 +707,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn ollama_model_env_overrides_selected_model() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        clear_ollama_env();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
        unsafe {
@@ -710,7 +733,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn openai_compatible_preserves_dotted_model_name() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        clear_openai_compatible_env();

        let settings = Settings {
@@ -731,7 +754,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn registry_provider_resolves_groq() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
        unsafe {
            std::env::remove_var("LLM_BACKEND");
@@ -756,7 +779,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn registry_provider_resolves_tinfoil() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
        unsafe {
            std::env::remove_var("LLM_BACKEND");
@@ -784,7 +807,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn registry_provider_alias_resolves_zai() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
        unsafe {
            std::env::remove_var("LLM_BACKEND");
@@ -809,7 +832,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn registry_provider_resolves_github_copilot_alias() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
        unsafe {
            std::env::set_var("LLM_BACKEND", "github-copilot");
@@ -857,7 +880,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn nearai_backend_has_no_registry_provider() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
        unsafe {
            std::env::remove_var("LLM_BACKEND");
@@ -871,7 +894,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn backend_alias_normalized_to_canonical_id() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        clear_openai_compatible_env();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
        unsafe {
@@ -897,7 +920,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn unknown_backend_falls_back_to_openai_compatible() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        clear_openai_compatible_env();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
        unsafe {
@@ -921,7 +944,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn nearai_aliases_all_resolve_to_nearai() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();

        for alias in &["nearai", "near_ai", "near"] {
            // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
@@ -948,7 +971,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn base_url_resolution_priority() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        clear_openai_compatible_env();

        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
@@ -1006,7 +1029,7 @@ mod tests {
    fn anthropic_oauth_token_sets_placeholder_api_key() {
        use secrecy::ExposeSecret;

-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        clear_anthropic_env();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
        unsafe {
@@ -1044,7 +1067,7 @@ mod tests {
    fn anthropic_api_key_takes_priority_over_oauth() {
        use secrecy::ExposeSecret;

-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        clear_anthropic_env();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
        unsafe {
@@ -1077,7 +1100,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn non_anthropic_provider_has_no_oauth_token() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        clear_anthropic_env();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
        unsafe {
@@ -1185,7 +1208,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn test_request_timeout_defaults_to_120() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
        unsafe {
            std::env::remove_var("LLM_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_SECS");
@@ -1196,7 +1219,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn test_request_timeout_configurable() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
        unsafe {
            std::env::set_var("LLM_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_SECS", "300");
@@ -1223,7 +1246,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn openai_codex_resolves_config() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        clear_openai_codex_env();

        let settings = Settings {
@@ -1243,7 +1266,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn openai_codex_model_env_resolution() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        clear_openai_codex_env();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
        unsafe {
@@ -1267,7 +1290,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn openai_codex_falls_back_to_openai_model() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        clear_openai_codex_env();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
        unsafe {
@@ -1291,7 +1314,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn openai_codex_falls_back_to_selected_model() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        clear_openai_codex_env();

        let settings = Settings {
@@ -1308,7 +1331,7 @@ mod tests {
    /// Regression: SSRF validation on OPENAI_CODEX_API_URL (#1103).
    #[test]
    fn openai_codex_rejects_ssrf_api_url() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        clear_openai_codex_env();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
        unsafe {
@@ -1339,7 +1362,7 @@ mod tests {
    /// Regression: SSRF validation on OPENAI_CODEX_AUTH_URL (#1103).
    #[test]
    fn openai_codex_rejects_ssrf_auth_url() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        clear_openai_codex_env();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
        unsafe {
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ mod skills;
 mod transcription;
 mod tunnel;
 mod wasm;
-mod workspace;
+pub(crate) mod workspace;

 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::sync::{LazyLock, Mutex, Once};
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ pub use self::tunnel::TunnelConfig;
 pub use self::wasm::WasmConfig;
 pub use self::workspace::WorkspaceConfig;
 pub use crate::llm::config::{
-    BedrockConfig, CacheRetention, LlmConfig, NearAiConfig, OAUTH_PLACEHOLDER, OpenAiCodexConfig,
-    RegistryProviderConfig,
+    BedrockConfig, CacheRetention, GeminiOauthConfig, LlmConfig, NearAiConfig, OAUTH_PLACEHOLDER,
+    OpenAiCodexConfig, RegistryProviderConfig,
 };
 pub use crate::llm::session::SessionConfig;

@@ -178,9 +178,7 @@ impl Config {
            },
            transcription: TranscriptionConfig::default(),
            search: WorkspaceSearchConfig::default(),
-            workspace: WorkspaceConfig {
-                memory_layers: vec![],
-            },
+            workspace: WorkspaceConfig::default(),
            observability: crate::observability::ObservabilityConfig::default(),
            relay: None,
        }
@@ -313,11 +311,14 @@ impl Config {

        let tunnel = TunnelConfig::resolve(settings)?;
        let channels = ChannelsConfig::resolve(settings, &owner_id)?;
+
+        // Resolve workspace config using the gateway user_id for default layers.
        let workspace_user_id = channels
            .gateway
            .as_ref()
-            .map(|gw| gw.user_id.clone())
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| "default".to_string());
+            .map(|gw| gw.user_id.as_str())
+            .unwrap_or("default");
+        let workspace = WorkspaceConfig::resolve(workspace_user_id)?;

        Ok(Self {
            owner_id: owner_id.clone(),
@@ -339,7 +340,7 @@ impl Config {
            skills: SkillsConfig::resolve()?,
            transcription: TranscriptionConfig::resolve(settings)?,
            search: WorkspaceSearchConfig::resolve()?,
-            workspace: WorkspaceConfig::resolve(&workspace_user_id)?,
+            workspace,
            observability: crate::observability::ObservabilityConfig {
                backend: std::env::var("OBSERVABILITY_BACKEND").unwrap_or_else(|_| "none".into()),
            },
@@ -19,12 +19,12 @@ pub(crate) fn resolve_safety_config(
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
    use super::*;
-    use crate::config::helpers::ENV_MUTEX;
+    use crate::config::helpers::lock_env;
    use crate::settings::Settings;

    #[test]
    fn resolve_falls_back_to_settings() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        let mut settings = Settings::default();
        settings.safety.max_output_length = 42;
        settings.safety.injection_check_enabled = false;
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn env_overrides_settings() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        let mut settings = Settings::default();
        settings.safety.max_output_length = 42;

@@ -594,9 +594,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn sandbox_resolve_falls_back_to_settings() {
-        let _guard = crate::config::helpers::ENV_MUTEX
-            .lock()
-            .expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = crate::config::helpers::lock_env();
        let mut settings = crate::settings::Settings::default();
        settings.sandbox.cpu_shares = 99;
        settings.sandbox.auto_pull_image = false;
@@ -610,9 +608,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn sandbox_env_overrides_settings() {
-        let _guard = crate::config::helpers::ENV_MUTEX
-            .lock()
-            .expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = crate::config::helpers::lock_env();
        let mut settings = crate::settings::Settings::default();
        settings.sandbox.timeout_secs = 999;

@@ -628,9 +624,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn claude_code_resolve_uses_settings_enabled() {
-        let _guard = crate::config::helpers::ENV_MUTEX
-            .lock()
-            .expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = crate::config::helpers::lock_env();
        let mut settings = crate::settings::Settings::default();
        settings.sandbox.claude_code_enabled = true;

@@ -640,9 +634,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn claude_code_resolve_defaults_disabled() {
-        let _guard = crate::config::helpers::ENV_MUTEX
-            .lock()
-            .expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = crate::config::helpers::lock_env();
        let settings = crate::settings::Settings::default();
        let cfg = ClaudeCodeConfig::resolve(&settings).expect("resolve");
        assert!(!cfg.enabled);
@@ -650,9 +642,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn claude_code_env_overrides_settings() {
-        let _guard = crate::config::helpers::ENV_MUTEX
-            .lock()
-            .expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = crate::config::helpers::lock_env();
        let mut settings = crate::settings::Settings::default();
        settings.sandbox.claude_code_enabled = true;

@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ impl WorkspaceSearchConfig {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
    use super::*;
-    use crate::config::helpers::ENV_MUTEX;
+    use crate::config::helpers::lock_env;

    fn clear_search_env() {
        // SAFETY: Only called under ENV_MUTEX in tests.
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn defaults_when_no_env() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        clear_search_env();

        let config = WorkspaceSearchConfig::resolve().expect("should resolve");
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn env_overrides() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        clear_search_env();

        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn invalid_strategy_rejected() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        clear_search_env();

        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn weighted_strategy_defaults() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        clear_search_env();

        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn weighted_both_zero_rejected() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        clear_search_env();

        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn rrf_both_zero_allowed() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        clear_search_env();

        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX.
@@ -89,7 +89,9 @@ impl TranscriptionConfig {
    }

    /// Create the transcription provider if enabled and configured.
-    pub fn create_provider(&self) -> Option<Box<dyn crate::transcription::TranscriptionProvider>> {
+    pub fn create_provider(
+        &self,
+    ) -> Option<Box<dyn crate::llm::transcription::TranscriptionProvider>> {
        if !self.enabled {
            return None;
        }
@@ -103,10 +105,11 @@ impl TranscriptionConfig {
                    "Audio transcription enabled via Chat Completions API"
                );

-                let mut provider = crate::transcription::ChatCompletionsTranscriptionProvider::new(
-                    api_key.clone(),
-                )
-                .with_model(&self.model);
+                let mut provider =
+                    crate::llm::transcription::ChatCompletionsTranscriptionProvider::new(
+                        api_key.clone(),
+                    )
+                    .with_model(&self.model);

                if let Some(ref base_url) = self.base_url {
                    provider = provider.with_base_url(base_url);
@@ -121,7 +124,7 @@ impl TranscriptionConfig {
                );

                let mut provider =
-                    crate::transcription::OpenAiWhisperProvider::new(api_key.clone())
+                    crate::llm::transcription::OpenAiWhisperProvider::new(api_key.clone())
                        .with_model(&self.model);

                if let Some(ref base_url) = self.base_url {
@@ -95,12 +95,12 @@ impl WasmConfig {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
    use super::*;
-    use crate::config::helpers::ENV_MUTEX;
+    use crate::config::helpers::lock_env;
    use crate::settings::Settings;

    #[test]
    fn resolve_falls_back_to_settings() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        let mut settings = Settings::default();
        settings.wasm.default_memory_limit = 42;
        settings.wasm.cache_compiled = false;
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn env_overrides_settings() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        let mut settings = Settings::default();
        settings.wasm.default_fuel_limit = 42;

@@ -2,18 +2,29 @@ use crate::config::helpers::optional_env;
 use crate::error::ConfigError;
 use crate::workspace::layer::MemoryLayer;

-/// Workspace memory configuration.
+/// Workspace-level configuration (memory layers, read scopes).
 ///
-/// Controls memory layer definitions for privacy-aware writes.
-/// Layers are parsed from the `MEMORY_LAYERS` env var (JSON array)
-/// or default to a single private layer scoped to the gateway user.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+/// Parsed from environment variables. Lives outside of `GatewayConfig`
+/// so that non-gateway channels can eventually use the same settings.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
 pub struct WorkspaceConfig {
+    /// Memory layer definitions (JSON in `MEMORY_LAYERS` env var, or defaults).
    pub memory_layers: Vec<MemoryLayer>,
+    /// Additional user scopes for workspace reads.
+    ///
+    /// When set, the workspace can read (search, read, list) from these
+    /// additional user scopes while writes remain isolated to the primary
+    /// `user_id`. Parsed from `WORKSPACE_READ_SCOPES` (comma-separated).
+    pub read_scopes: Vec<String>,
 }

 impl WorkspaceConfig {
-    pub(crate) fn resolve(user_id: &str) -> Result<Self, ConfigError> {
+    /// Resolve workspace config from environment variables.
+    ///
+    /// `user_id` is used to derive default memory layers when `MEMORY_LAYERS`
+    /// is not set.
+    pub fn resolve(user_id: &str) -> Result<Self, ConfigError> {
+        // --- Memory layers ---
        let memory_layers: Vec<MemoryLayer> = match optional_env("MEMORY_LAYERS")? {
            Some(json_str) => {
                serde_json::from_str(&json_str).map_err(|e| ConfigError::InvalidValue {
@@ -57,6 +68,20 @@ impl WorkspaceConfig {
                    message: format!("layer '{}' has an empty scope", layer.name),
                });
            }
+            if !layer
+                .scope
+                .chars()
+                .all(|c| c.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || c == '_' || c == '-')
+            {
+                return Err(ConfigError::InvalidValue {
+                    key: "MEMORY_LAYERS".to_string(),
+                    message: format!(
+                        "layer '{}' scope '{}' contains invalid characters \
+                         (allowed: a-z, A-Z, 0-9, _, -)",
+                        layer.name, layer.scope
+                    ),
+                });
+            }
        }

        // Check for duplicate layer names
@@ -72,20 +97,53 @@ impl WorkspaceConfig {
            }
        }

-        Ok(Self { memory_layers })
+        // --- Read scopes ---
+        let read_scopes: Vec<String> = optional_env("WORKSPACE_READ_SCOPES")?
+            .map(|s| {
+                s.split(',')
+                    .map(|s| s.trim().to_string())
+                    .filter(|s| !s.is_empty())
+                    .collect()
+            })
+            .unwrap_or_default();
+
+        for scope in &read_scopes {
+            if scope.len() > 128 {
+                let prefix: String = scope.chars().take(32).collect();
+                return Err(ConfigError::InvalidValue {
+                    key: "WORKSPACE_READ_SCOPES".to_string(),
+                    message: format!("scope '{prefix}...' exceeds 128 characters"),
+                });
+            }
+            if !scope
+                .chars()
+                .all(|c| c.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || c == '_' || c == '-')
+            {
+                return Err(ConfigError::InvalidValue {
+                    key: "WORKSPACE_READ_SCOPES".to_string(),
+                    message: format!(
+                        "scope '{}' contains invalid characters \
+                         (allowed: a-z, A-Z, 0-9, _, -)",
+                        scope
+                    ),
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            memory_layers,
+            read_scopes,
+        })
    }
 }

 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
    use super::*;
-    use std::sync::Mutex;
-
-    // Serialize env-var-dependent tests to avoid races.
-    static ENV_LOCK: Mutex<()> = Mutex::new(());
+    use crate::config::helpers::lock_env;

    fn with_env(key: &str, val: Option<&str>, f: impl FnOnce()) {
-        let _guard = ENV_LOCK.lock().unwrap();
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        let prev = std::env::var(key).ok();
        match val {
            Some(v) => unsafe { std::env::set_var(key, v) },
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ pub(crate) fn resolve_embedding_dimension() -> Option<usize> {
        .unwrap_or(false);

    if !enabled {
-        tracing::info!("Vector index setup skipped (EMBEDDING_ENABLED not set in env)");
+        tracing::debug!("Vector index setup skipped (EMBEDDING_ENABLED not set in env)");
        return None;
    }

@@ -1017,7 +1017,7 @@ mod tests {

    mod resolve_dimension {
        use super::*;
-        use crate::config::helpers::ENV_MUTEX;
+        use crate::config::helpers::lock_env;

        fn clear_embedding_env() {
            // SAFETY: called under ENV_MUTEX
@@ -1030,14 +1030,14 @@ mod tests {

        #[test]
        fn returns_none_when_disabled() {
-            let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex");
+            let _guard = lock_env();
            clear_embedding_env();
            assert!(resolve_embedding_dimension().is_none());
        }

        #[test]
        fn returns_explicit_dimension() {
-            let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex");
+            let _guard = lock_env();
            clear_embedding_env();
            // SAFETY: under ENV_MUTEX
            unsafe {
@@ -1053,7 +1053,7 @@ mod tests {

        #[test]
        fn infers_from_model() {
-            let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex");
+            let _guard = lock_env();
            clear_embedding_env();
            // SAFETY: under ENV_MUTEX
            unsafe {
@@ -1069,7 +1069,7 @@ mod tests {

        #[test]
        fn defaults_to_1536_for_unknown_model() {
-            let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex");
+            let _guard = lock_env();
            clear_embedding_env();
            // SAFETY: under ENV_MUTEX
            unsafe {
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ pub async fn connect_with_handles(
                    .map_err(|e| DatabaseError::Pool(e.to_string()))?
            };
            backend.run_migrations().await?;
-            tracing::info!("libSQL database connected and migrations applied");
+            tracing::debug!("libSQL database connected and migrations applied");

            handles.libsql_db = Some(backend.shared_db());

@@ -644,6 +644,103 @@ pub trait WorkspaceStore: Send + Sync {
        embedding: Option<&[f32]>,
        config: &SearchConfig,
    ) -> Result<Vec<SearchResult>, WorkspaceError>;
+
+    // ==================== Multi-scope read methods ====================
+    //
+    // Default implementations loop over user_ids calling single-scope methods,
+    // then merge results. Backends can override with efficient SQL (e.g.,
+    // `WHERE user_id = ANY($1::text[])`).
+
+    /// Hybrid search across multiple user scopes, merging results by score.
+    ///
+    /// **Note:** The default implementation calls `hybrid_search` per scope and
+    /// merges by raw score. Because RRF scores are normalized independently
+    /// within each scope, scores are not directly comparable across scopes.
+    /// The Postgres backend overrides this with a single combined query that
+    /// applies RRF once to the unified result set.
+    async fn hybrid_search_multi(
+        &self,
+        user_ids: &[String],
+        agent_id: Option<Uuid>,
+        query: &str,
+        embedding: Option<&[f32]>,
+        config: &SearchConfig,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<SearchResult>, WorkspaceError> {
+        if user_ids.len() > 1 {
+            tracing::debug!(
+                scope_count = user_ids.len(),
+                "hybrid_search_multi: using default per-scope RRF merge; \
+                 cross-scope score comparison may be unreliable"
+            );
+        }
+        let mut all_results = Vec::new();
+        for uid in user_ids {
+            let results = self
+                .hybrid_search(uid, agent_id, query, embedding, config)
+                .await?;
+            all_results.extend(results);
+        }
+        // Re-sort by score descending and truncate to limit
+        all_results.sort_by(|a, b| {
+            b.score
+                .partial_cmp(&a.score)
+                .unwrap_or(std::cmp::Ordering::Equal)
+        });
+        all_results.truncate(config.limit);
+        Ok(all_results)
+    }
+
+    /// List all file paths across multiple user scopes.
+    async fn list_all_paths_multi(
+        &self,
+        user_ids: &[String],
+        agent_id: Option<Uuid>,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<String>, WorkspaceError> {
+        let mut all_paths = Vec::new();
+        for uid in user_ids {
+            let paths = self.list_all_paths(uid, agent_id).await?;
+            all_paths.extend(paths);
+        }
+        all_paths.sort();
+        all_paths.dedup();
+        Ok(all_paths)
+    }
+
+    /// Get a document by path, searching across multiple user scopes.
+    ///
+    /// Returns the first match found (tries each user_id in order).
+    async fn get_document_by_path_multi(
+        &self,
+        user_ids: &[String],
+        agent_id: Option<Uuid>,
+        path: &str,
+    ) -> Result<MemoryDocument, WorkspaceError> {
+        for uid in user_ids {
+            match self.get_document_by_path(uid, agent_id, path).await {
+                Ok(doc) => return Ok(doc),
+                Err(WorkspaceError::DocumentNotFound { .. }) => continue,
+                Err(e) => return Err(e),
+            }
+        }
+        Err(WorkspaceError::DocumentNotFound {
+            doc_type: path.to_string(),
+            user_id: format!("[{}]", user_ids.join(", ")),
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// List directory contents across multiple user scopes.
+    async fn list_directory_multi(
+        &self,
+        user_ids: &[String],
+        agent_id: Option<Uuid>,
+        directory: &str,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<WorkspaceEntry>, WorkspaceError> {
+        let mut all_entries = Vec::new();
+        for uid in user_ids {
+            all_entries.extend(self.list_directory(uid, agent_id, directory).await?);
+        }
+        Ok(crate::workspace::merge_workspace_entries(all_entries))
+    }
 }

 /// Backend-agnostic database supertrait.
@@ -717,4 +717,49 @@ impl WorkspaceStore for PgBackend {
            .hybrid_search(user_id, agent_id, query, embedding, config)
            .await
    }
+
+    // Optimized multi-scope overrides using `ANY($1::text[])` SQL.
+
+    async fn hybrid_search_multi(
+        &self,
+        user_ids: &[String],
+        agent_id: Option<Uuid>,
+        query: &str,
+        embedding: Option<&[f32]>,
+        config: &SearchConfig,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<SearchResult>, WorkspaceError> {
+        self.repo
+            .hybrid_search_multi(user_ids, agent_id, query, embedding, config)
+            .await
+    }
+
+    async fn list_all_paths_multi(
+        &self,
+        user_ids: &[String],
+        agent_id: Option<Uuid>,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<String>, WorkspaceError> {
+        self.repo.list_all_paths_multi(user_ids, agent_id).await
+    }
+
+    async fn get_document_by_path_multi(
+        &self,
+        user_ids: &[String],
+        agent_id: Option<Uuid>,
+        path: &str,
+    ) -> Result<MemoryDocument, WorkspaceError> {
+        self.repo
+            .get_document_by_path_multi(user_ids, agent_id, path)
+            .await
+    }
+
+    async fn list_directory_multi(
+        &self,
+        user_ids: &[String],
+        agent_id: Option<Uuid>,
+        directory: &str,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<WorkspaceEntry>, WorkspaceError> {
+        self.repo
+            .list_directory_multi(user_ids, agent_id, directory)
+            .await
+    }
 }
@@ -304,9 +304,6 @@ pub enum WorkspaceError {
    #[error("I/O error: {reason}")]
    IoError { reason: String },

-    #[error("Not found: {path}")]
-    NotFound { path: String },
-
    #[error("Layer not found: {name}")]
    LayerNotFound { name: String },

@@ -7305,9 +7305,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn should_use_gateway_mode_true_for_tunnel_url() {
-        let _guard = crate::config::helpers::ENV_MUTEX
-            .lock()
-            .expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = crate::config::helpers::lock_env();
        let original = std::env::var("IRONCLAW_OAUTH_CALLBACK_URL").ok();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX, no concurrent env access.
        unsafe {
@@ -7329,9 +7327,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn should_use_gateway_mode_false_without_tunnel() {
-        let _guard = crate::config::helpers::ENV_MUTEX
-            .lock()
-            .expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = crate::config::helpers::lock_env();
        let original = std::env::var("IRONCLAW_OAUTH_CALLBACK_URL").ok();
        unsafe {
            std::env::remove_var("IRONCLAW_OAUTH_CALLBACK_URL");
@@ -7352,9 +7348,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn should_use_gateway_mode_false_for_loopback_tunnel() {
-        let _guard = crate::config::helpers::ENV_MUTEX
-            .lock()
-            .expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = crate::config::helpers::lock_env();
        let original = std::env::var("IRONCLAW_OAUTH_CALLBACK_URL").ok();
        unsafe {
            std::env::remove_var("IRONCLAW_OAUTH_CALLBACK_URL");
@@ -7382,9 +7376,7 @@ mod tests {

    impl EnvGuard {
        fn new() -> Self {
-            let guard = crate::config::helpers::ENV_MUTEX
-                .lock()
-                .expect("env mutex poisoned");
+            let guard = crate::config::helpers::lock_env();
            let original = std::env::var("IRONCLAW_OAUTH_CALLBACK_URL").ok();
            // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX, no concurrent env access.
            unsafe {
@@ -7442,9 +7434,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn gateway_callback_redirect_uri_does_not_duplicate_callback_path_from_env() {
-        let _guard = crate::config::helpers::ENV_MUTEX
-            .lock()
-            .expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = crate::config::helpers::lock_env();
        let original = std::env::var("IRONCLAW_OAUTH_CALLBACK_URL").ok();
        unsafe {
            std::env::set_var(
@@ -7470,9 +7460,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn gateway_callback_redirect_uri_trims_trailing_slash_from_env_callback() {
-        let _guard = crate::config::helpers::ENV_MUTEX
-            .lock()
-            .expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = crate::config::helpers::lock_env();
        let original = std::env::var("IRONCLAW_OAUTH_CALLBACK_URL").ok();
        unsafe {
            std::env::set_var(
@@ -72,7 +72,6 @@ pub mod skills;
 pub mod timezone;
 pub mod tools;
 pub mod tracing_fmt;
-pub mod transcription;
 pub mod tunnel;
 pub mod util;
 pub mod webhooks;
@@ -165,6 +165,8 @@ pub struct LlmConfig {
    pub provider: Option<RegistryProviderConfig>,
    /// AWS Bedrock config (populated when backend=bedrock, requires --features bedrock).
    pub bedrock: Option<BedrockConfig>,
+    /// Gemini OAuth config (populated when backend=gemini_oauth).
+    pub gemini_oauth: Option<GeminiOauthConfig>,
    /// OpenAI Codex config (populated when backend=openai_codex).
    pub openai_codex: Option<OpenAiCodexConfig>,
    /// HTTP request timeout in seconds for LLM API calls.
@@ -267,3 +269,34 @@ impl NearAiConfig {
        }
    }
 }
+
+/// Configuration for Gemini OAuth integration.
+///
+/// Extended generation config parameters (topP, topK, seed, etc.) are read from
+/// environment variables at request time:
+/// - `GEMINI_TOP_P` — nucleus sampling (0.0–1.0)
+/// - `GEMINI_TOP_K` — top-k sampling (integer)
+/// - `GEMINI_SEED` — deterministic generation seed
+/// - `GEMINI_PRESENCE_PENALTY` — presence penalty (-2.0–2.0)
+/// - `GEMINI_FREQUENCY_PENALTY` — frequency penalty (-2.0–2.0)
+/// - `GEMINI_RESPONSE_MIME_TYPE` — e.g. "application/json"
+/// - `GEMINI_RESPONSE_JSON_SCHEMA` — JSON schema string for structured output
+/// - `GEMINI_CACHED_CONTENT` — cached content resource name
+/// - `GEMINI_CLI_CUSTOM_HEADERS` — custom headers (key:value,key:value)
+/// - `GOOGLE_GENAI_API_VERSION` — API version (default: v1beta)
+/// - `GEMINI_API_KEY` — optional API key for non-OAuth auth mode
+/// - `GEMINI_API_KEY_AUTH_MECHANISM` — "x-goog-api-key" (default) or "bearer"
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct GeminiOauthConfig {
+    pub model: String,
+    pub credentials_path: PathBuf,
+}
+
+impl GeminiOauthConfig {
+    pub fn default_credentials_path() -> PathBuf {
+        dirs::home_dir()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| PathBuf::from("."))
+            .join(".gemini")
+            .join("oauth_creds.json")
+    }
+}
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ pub mod config;
 pub mod costs;
 pub mod error;
 pub mod failover;
+pub mod gemini_oauth;
 mod github_copilot;
 pub(crate) mod github_copilot_auth;
 mod nearai_chat;
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@ mod rig_adapter;
 pub mod session;
 pub mod smart_routing;
 mod token_refreshing;
+pub mod transcription;

 #[cfg(test)]
 mod codex_test_helpers;
@@ -50,13 +52,14 @@ pub use config::{
 };
 pub use error::LlmError;
 pub use failover::{CooldownConfig, FailoverProvider};
+pub use gemini_oauth::GeminiOauthProvider;
 pub use nearai_chat::{DEFAULT_MODEL, ModelInfo, NearAiChatProvider, default_models};
 pub use openai_codex_provider::OpenAiCodexProvider;
 pub use openai_codex_session::{OpenAiCodexSession, OpenAiCodexSessionManager};
 pub use provider::{
    ChatMessage, CompletionRequest, CompletionResponse, ContentPart, FinishReason, ImageUrl,
    LlmProvider, ModelMetadata, Role, ToolCall, ToolCompletionRequest, ToolCompletionResponse,
-    ToolDefinition, ToolResult,
+    ToolDefinition, ToolResult, generate_tool_call_id,
 };
 pub use reasoning::{
    ActionPlan, Reasoning, ReasoningContext, RespondOutput, RespondResult, SILENT_REPLY_TOKEN,
@@ -93,6 +96,10 @@ pub async fn create_llm_provider(
        return create_llm_provider_with_config(&config.nearai, session, timeout);
    }

+    if config.backend == "gemini_oauth" || config.backend == "gemini-oauth" {
+        return create_gemini_oauth_provider(config);
+    }
+
    // Bedrock uses a native AWS SDK, not the rig-core registry
    if config.backend == "bedrock" {
        #[cfg(feature = "bedrock")]
@@ -490,6 +497,19 @@ fn create_cheap_provider_for_backend(
        });
    }

+    if config.backend == "gemini_oauth" {
+        let Some(ref gemini_config) = config.gemini_oauth else {
+            return Err(LlmError::RequestFailed {
+                provider: "gemini_oauth".to_string(),
+                reason: "Gemini OAuth config not available for cheap model".to_string(),
+            });
+        };
+        let mut cheap_gemini_config = gemini_config.clone();
+        cheap_gemini_config.model = cheap_model.to_string();
+        let provider = GeminiOauthProvider::new(cheap_gemini_config)?;
+        return Ok(Some(Arc::new(provider)));
+    }
+
    // Registry-based provider: clone config and swap model
    let reg_config = config.provider.as_ref().ok_or_else(|| LlmError::RequestFailed {
        provider: config.backend.clone(),
@@ -674,6 +694,17 @@ pub async fn build_provider_chain(
    Ok((llm, cheap_llm, recording_handle))
 }

+pub fn create_gemini_oauth_provider(config: &LlmConfig) -> Result<Arc<dyn LlmProvider>, LlmError> {
+    let gemini_config = config
+        .gemini_oauth
+        .clone()
+        .ok_or_else(|| LlmError::AuthFailed {
+            provider: "gemini_oauth".to_string(),
+        })?;
+    let provider = gemini_oauth::GeminiOauthProvider::new(gemini_config)?;
+    Ok(Arc::new(provider))
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
    use super::*;
@@ -705,6 +736,7 @@ mod tests {
            nearai: test_nearai_config(),
            provider: None,
            bedrock: None,
+            gemini_oauth: None,
            request_timeout_secs: 120,
            cheap_model: None,
            smart_routing_cascade: true,
@@ -786,6 +818,30 @@ mod tests {
        );
    }

+    #[test]
+    fn test_create_cheap_llm_provider_gemini_oauth_creates_provider() {
+        let mut config = test_llm_config();
+        config.backend = "gemini_oauth".to_string();
+        config.cheap_model = Some("gemini-2.5-flash-lite".to_string());
+        config.gemini_oauth = Some(crate::config::GeminiOauthConfig {
+            model: "gemini-2.5-pro".to_string(),
+            credentials_path: std::path::PathBuf::from("/tmp/nonexistent-creds.json"),
+        });
+
+        let session = Arc::new(SessionManager::new(SessionConfig::default()));
+        let result = create_cheap_llm_provider(&config, session);
+
+        // Should succeed and return a provider (credentials validation is deferred
+        // until the first LLM call, not at construction time).
+        let provider = result.expect("gemini_oauth cheap provider should succeed");
+        assert!(provider.is_some(), "Should return Some(provider)");
+        assert_eq!(
+            provider.unwrap().model_name(),
+            "gemini-2.5-flash-lite",
+            "Cheap provider should use the overridden model name"
+        );
+    }
+
    #[test]
    fn test_cheap_model_name_resolution() {
        // Generic takes priority
@@ -344,6 +344,7 @@ pub(crate) fn build_nearai_model_fetch_config() -> crate::config::LlmConfig {
        nearai: crate::config::NearAiConfig::for_model_discovery(),
        provider: None,
        bedrock: None,
+        gemini_oauth: None,
        request_timeout_secs: 120,
        cheap_model: None,
        smart_routing_cascade: false,
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ pub fn landing_html(provider_name: &str, success: bool) -> String {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
    use super::*;
-    use crate::config::helpers::ENV_MUTEX;
+    use crate::config::helpers::lock_env;

    #[test]
    fn loopback_detection() {
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ mod tests {
    #[allow(clippy::await_holding_lock)]
    #[tokio::test]
    async fn bind_rejects_wildcard_ipv4() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        let original = std::env::var("OAUTH_CALLBACK_HOST").ok();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX, no concurrent env access.
        unsafe { std::env::set_var("OAUTH_CALLBACK_HOST", "0.0.0.0") };
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ mod tests {
    #[allow(clippy::await_holding_lock)]
    #[tokio::test]
    async fn bind_rejects_wildcard_ipv6() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().expect("env mutex poisoned");
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        let original = std::env::var("OAUTH_CALLBACK_HOST").ok();
        // SAFETY: Under ENV_MUTEX, no concurrent env access.
        unsafe { std::env::set_var("OAUTH_CALLBACK_HOST", "::") };
@@ -233,6 +233,32 @@ pub struct ToolCall {
    pub arguments: serde_json::Value,
 }

+/// Generate a tool-call ID that satisfies all providers.
+///
+/// Mistral requires exactly 9 alphanumeric characters (`[a-zA-Z0-9]{9}`).
+/// Other providers accept any non-empty string. By default we produce a
+/// 9-char base-62 string derived from two seed values so the ID is both
+/// deterministic (for replayed history) and provider-compatible.
+pub fn generate_tool_call_id(seed_a: usize, seed_b: usize) -> String {
+    // Mix the two seeds into a single u64 using a simple hash-like combine.
+    let combined = (seed_a as u64)
+        .wrapping_mul(6364136223846793005)
+        .wrapping_add(seed_b as u64);
+    // Format as 9-char zero-padded base-62 (0-9, a-z, A-Z).
+    let mut buf = [b'0'; 9];
+    let mut val = combined;
+    for b in buf.iter_mut().rev() {
+        let digit = (val % 62) as u8;
+        *b = match digit {
+            0..=9 => b'0' + digit,
+            10..=35 => b'a' + (digit - 10),
+            _ => b'A' + (digit - 36),
+        };
+        val /= 62;
+    }
+    buf.iter().map(|&b| b as char).collect::<String>()
+}
+
 /// Result of a tool execution to send back to the LLM.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct ToolResult {
@@ -533,6 +559,77 @@ pub fn strip_unsupported_tool_params(
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
    use super::*;
+    use std::collections::HashSet;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn generate_tool_call_id_has_valid_format() {
+        let samples = [
+            (0usize, 0usize),
+            (1usize, 2usize),
+            (42usize, 999usize),
+            (usize::MAX, usize::MAX),
+        ];
+
+        for (a, b) in samples {
+            let id = generate_tool_call_id(a, b);
+            assert_eq!(
+                id.len(),
+                9,
+                "tool-call ID must be exactly 9 characters for seeds ({a}, {b})"
+            );
+            assert!(
+                id.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_alphanumeric()),
+                "tool-call ID must be ASCII alphanumeric for seeds ({a}, {b}), got: {id}"
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn generate_tool_call_id_is_deterministic_for_same_seeds() {
+        let pairs = [
+            (0usize, 0usize),
+            (1usize, 2usize),
+            (123usize, 456usize),
+            (usize::MAX, 0usize),
+        ];
+
+        for (a, b) in pairs {
+            let id1 = generate_tool_call_id(a, b);
+            let id2 = generate_tool_call_id(a, b);
+            let id3 = generate_tool_call_id(a, b);
+            assert_eq!(
+                id1, id2,
+                "tool-call ID must be deterministic for seeds ({a}, {b})"
+            );
+            assert_eq!(
+                id2, id3,
+                "tool-call ID must be deterministic across multiple calls for seeds ({a}, {b})"
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn generate_tool_call_id_differs_for_different_seeds_in_small_sample() {
+        let seed_pairs = [
+            (0usize, 1usize),
+            (1usize, 0usize),
+            (1usize, 2usize),
+            (2usize, 3usize),
+            (10usize, 20usize),
+            (100usize, 200usize),
+        ];
+
+        let mut ids = HashSet::new();
+        for (a, b) in seed_pairs {
+            let id = generate_tool_call_id(a, b);
+            let inserted = ids.insert(id.clone());
+            assert!(
+                inserted,
+                "expected distinct tool-call IDs for different seeds, \
+                 but duplicate ID '{id}' found for seeds ({a}, {b})"
+            );
+        }
+    }

    #[test]
    fn test_sanitize_preserves_valid_pairs() {
@@ -23,6 +23,13 @@ You said you would perform an action, but you did not include any tool calls.\n\
 Do NOT describe what you intend to do — actually call the tool now.\n\
 Use the tool_calls mechanism to invoke the appropriate tool.";

+/// Seed value used as the second argument to `generate_tool_call_id` when
+/// recovering tool calls from malformed LLM text responses. This must differ
+/// from the `0` seed used in `rig_adapter::normalized_tool_call_id` to avoid
+/// ID collisions between provider-generated and text-recovered tool calls at
+/// the same positional index.
+const RECOVERED_TOOL_CALL_SEED: usize = 99;
+
 /// Detect when an LLM response expresses intent to call a tool without
 /// actually issuing tool calls. Returns `true` if the text contains phrases
 /// like "Let me search …" or "I'll fetch …" outside of fenced/indented code blocks.
@@ -1337,7 +1344,10 @@ fn recover_tool_calls_from_content(
                    .cloned()
                    .unwrap_or(serde_json::Value::Object(Default::default()));
                calls.push(ToolCall {
-                    id: format!("recovered_{}", calls.len()),
+                    id: super::provider::generate_tool_call_id(
+                        calls.len(),
+                        RECOVERED_TOOL_CALL_SEED,
+                    ),
                    name: name.to_string(),
                    arguments,
                });
@@ -1348,7 +1358,10 @@ fn recover_tool_calls_from_content(
            let name = inner.trim();
            if tool_names.contains(name) {
                calls.push(ToolCall {
-                    id: format!("recovered_{}", calls.len()),
+                    id: super::provider::generate_tool_call_id(
+                        calls.len(),
+                        RECOVERED_TOOL_CALL_SEED,
+                    ),
                    name: name.to_string(),
                    arguments: serde_json::Value::Object(Default::default()),
                });
@@ -1382,7 +1395,10 @@ fn recover_tool_calls_from_content(
                    let arguments = serde_json::from_str::<serde_json::Value>(args_str)
                        .unwrap_or(serde_json::Value::Object(Default::default()));
                    calls.push(ToolCall {
-                        id: format!("recovered_{}", calls.len()),
+                        id: super::provider::generate_tool_call_id(
+                            calls.len(),
+                            RECOVERED_TOOL_CALL_SEED,
+                        ),
                        name: name.to_string(),
                        arguments,
                    });
@@ -1393,7 +1409,7 @@ fn recover_tool_calls_from_content(

            // No arguments or malformed — call with empty args
            calls.push(ToolCall {
-                id: format!("recovered_{}", calls.len()),
+                id: super::provider::generate_tool_call_id(calls.len(), RECOVERED_TOOL_CALL_SEED),
                name: name.to_string(),
                arguments: serde_json::Value::Object(Default::default()),
            });
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ use rust_decimal_macros::dec;
 use serde::Serialize;
 use serde::de::DeserializeOwned;
 use serde_json::Value as JsonValue;
+use sha2::{Digest, Sha256};

 use std::collections::HashSet;

@@ -400,11 +401,48 @@ fn convert_messages(messages: &[ChatMessage]) -> (Option<String>, Vec<RigMessage
 }

 /// Responses-style providers require a non-empty tool call ID.
+///
+/// IDs must be compatible with providers like Mistral, which constrain IDs
+/// to `[a-zA-Z0-9]{9}`. We therefore:
+/// - pass through any non-empty raw ID that already matches this constraint;
+/// - otherwise deterministically map the raw string into a provider-compliant ID;
+/// - and when `raw` is empty/None, delegate to `generate_tool_call_id`.
 fn normalized_tool_call_id(raw: Option<&str>, seed: usize) -> String {
-    match raw.map(str::trim).filter(|id| !id.is_empty()) {
-        Some(id) => id.to_string(),
-        None => format!("generated_tool_call_{seed}"),
+    // Trim and treat empty as None.
+    let trimmed = raw.and_then(|s| {
+        let t = s.trim();
+        if t.is_empty() { None } else { Some(t) }
+    });
+
+    if let Some(id) = trimmed {
+        // If the ID already satisfies `[a-zA-Z0-9]{9}`, pass it through unchanged.
+        if id.len() == 9 && id.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_alphanumeric()) {
+            return id.to_string();
+        }
+
+        // Otherwise, deterministically hash the raw ID and feed the hash-derived
+        // seed into the provider-level generator so that the encoding and any
+        // provider-specific constraints remain centralized in one place.
+        let digest = Sha256::digest(id.as_bytes());
+        // Derive a 64-bit value from the first 8 bytes of the digest, then
+        // split it into two usize seeds so we preserve all 64 bits of entropy
+        // even on 32-bit targets.
+        let hash64 = {
+            // SHA-256 always produces 32 bytes, so indexing the first 8 is safe.
+            let bytes: [u8; 8] = [
+                digest[0], digest[1], digest[2], digest[3], digest[4], digest[5], digest[6],
+                digest[7],
+            ];
+            u64::from_be_bytes(bytes)
+        };
+        let hi_seed: usize = (hash64 >> 32) as usize;
+        let lo_seed: usize = (hash64 & 0xFFFF_FFFF) as usize;
+        return super::provider::generate_tool_call_id(hi_seed, lo_seed);
    }
+
+    // Fallback for missing/empty raw IDs: use the provider-level generator,
+    // which already produces compliant IDs.
+    super::provider::generate_tool_call_id(seed, 0)
 }

 /// Convert IronClaw tool definitions to rig-core format.
@@ -813,8 +851,9 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn test_convert_messages_tool_result() {
+        // Use a conforming 9-char alphanumeric ID so it passes through unchanged.
        let messages = vec![ChatMessage::tool_result(
-            "call_123",
+            "abcDE1234",
            "search",
            "result text",
        )];
@@ -825,8 +864,8 @@ mod tests {
        match &history[0] {
            RigMessage::User { content } => match content.first() {
                UserContent::ToolResult(r) => {
-                    assert_eq!(r.id, "call_123");
-                    assert_eq!(r.call_id.as_deref(), Some("call_123"));
+                    assert_eq!(r.id, "abcDE1234");
+                    assert_eq!(r.call_id.as_deref(), Some("abcDE1234"));
                }
                other => panic!("Expected tool result content, got: {:?}", other),
            },
@@ -836,8 +875,9 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn test_convert_messages_assistant_with_tool_calls() {
+        // Use a conforming 9-char alphanumeric ID so it passes through unchanged.
        let tc = IronToolCall {
-            id: "call_1".to_string(),
+            id: "Xt7mK9pQ2".to_string(),
            name: "search".to_string(),
            arguments: serde_json::json!({"query": "test"}),
        };
@@ -851,7 +891,7 @@ mod tests {
                assert!(content.iter().count() >= 2);
                for item in content.iter() {
                    if let AssistantContent::ToolCall(tc) = item {
-                        assert_eq!(tc.call_id.as_deref(), Some("call_1"));
+                        assert_eq!(tc.call_id.as_deref(), Some("Xt7mK9pQ2"));
                    }
                }
            }
@@ -873,7 +913,14 @@ mod tests {
        match &history[0] {
            RigMessage::User { content } => match content.first() {
                UserContent::ToolResult(r) => {
-                    assert!(r.id.starts_with("generated_tool_call_"));
+                    // Missing ID → normalized_tool_call_id generates a 9-char alphanumeric ID.
+                    assert_eq!(
+                        r.id.len(),
+                        9,
+                        "fallback ID should be 9 chars, got: {}",
+                        r.id
+                    );
+                    assert!(r.id.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_alphanumeric()));
                    assert_eq!(r.call_id.as_deref(), Some(r.id.as_str()));
                }
                other => panic!("Expected tool result content, got: {:?}", other),
@@ -961,12 +1008,14 @@ mod tests {
                    _ => None,
                });
                let tc = tool_call.expect("should have a tool call");
-                assert!(!tc.id.is_empty(), "tool call id must not be empty");
-                assert!(
-                    tc.id.starts_with("generated_tool_call_"),
-                    "empty id should be replaced with generated id, got: {}",
+                // Empty ID → normalized_tool_call_id generates a 9-char alphanumeric ID.
+                assert_eq!(
+                    tc.id.len(),
+                    9,
+                    "generated id should be 9 chars, got: {}",
                    tc.id
                );
+                assert!(tc.id.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_alphanumeric()));
                assert_eq!(tc.call_id.as_deref(), Some(tc.id.as_str()));
            }
            other => panic!("Expected Assistant message, got: {:?}", other),
@@ -990,11 +1039,14 @@ mod tests {
                    _ => None,
                });
                let tc = tool_call.expect("should have a tool call");
-                assert!(
-                    tc.id.starts_with("generated_tool_call_"),
-                    "whitespace-only id should be replaced, got: {:?}",
+                // Whitespace-only ID → normalized_tool_call_id generates a 9-char alphanumeric ID.
+                assert_eq!(
+                    tc.id.len(),
+                    9,
+                    "generated id should be 9 chars, got: {}",
                    tc.id
                );
+                assert!(tc.id.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_alphanumeric()));
            }
            other => panic!("Expected Assistant message, got: {:?}", other),
        }
@@ -1381,4 +1433,67 @@ mod tests {
        // Should be 2 separate User messages (text user + tool result user)
        assert_eq!(history.len(), 2);
    }
+
+    // -- normalized_tool_call_id tests --
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_normalized_tool_call_id_conforming_passthrough() {
+        // A 9-char alphanumeric ID should pass through unchanged.
+        let id = normalized_tool_call_id(Some("abcDE1234"), 42);
+        assert_eq!(id, "abcDE1234");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_normalized_tool_call_id_non_conforming_hashed() {
+        // An ID that doesn't match [a-zA-Z0-9]{9} should be hashed into one.
+        let id = normalized_tool_call_id(Some("call_abc_long_id"), 0);
+        assert_eq!(id.len(), 9);
+        assert!(id.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_alphanumeric()));
+        // Should NOT be the raw input.
+        assert_ne!(id, "call_abc_l");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_normalized_tool_call_id_empty_input() {
+        let id = normalized_tool_call_id(Some(""), 5);
+        assert_eq!(id.len(), 9);
+        assert!(id.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_alphanumeric()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_normalized_tool_call_id_whitespace_input() {
+        let id = normalized_tool_call_id(Some("   "), 5);
+        assert_eq!(id.len(), 9);
+        assert!(id.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_alphanumeric()));
+        // Empty and whitespace-only with the same seed should produce identical results.
+        let id_empty = normalized_tool_call_id(Some(""), 5);
+        assert_eq!(id, id_empty);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_normalized_tool_call_id_none_input() {
+        let id = normalized_tool_call_id(None, 7);
+        assert_eq!(id.len(), 9);
+        assert!(id.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_alphanumeric()));
+        // None and empty string with same seed should produce identical results.
+        let id_empty = normalized_tool_call_id(Some(""), 7);
+        assert_eq!(id, id_empty);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_normalized_tool_call_id_deterministic() {
+        let id1 = normalized_tool_call_id(Some("call_xyz_123"), 0);
+        let id2 = normalized_tool_call_id(Some("call_xyz_123"), 0);
+        assert_eq!(id1, id2, "same input must produce same output");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_normalized_tool_call_id_different_inputs_differ() {
+        let id_a = normalized_tool_call_id(Some("call_aaa"), 0);
+        let id_b = normalized_tool_call_id(Some("call_bbb"), 0);
+        assert_ne!(
+            id_a, id_b,
+            "different raw IDs should produce different hashed IDs"
+        );
+    }
 }
@@ -38,10 +38,49 @@ fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    let _ = dotenvy::dotenv();
    ironclaw::bootstrap::load_ironclaw_env();

-    tokio::runtime::Builder::new_multi_thread()
+    let result = tokio::runtime::Builder::new_multi_thread()
        .enable_all()
        .build()?
-        .block_on(async_main())
+        .block_on(async_main());
+
+    if let Err(ref e) = result {
+        format_top_level_error(e);
+    }
+    result
+}
+
+/// Format a top-level error with color and recovery hints.
+fn format_top_level_error(err: &anyhow::Error) {
+    use ironclaw::cli::fmt;
+    let msg = format!("{err:#}");
+
+    eprintln!();
+    eprintln!("  {}\u{2717}{} {}", fmt::error(), fmt::reset(), msg);
+
+    // Provide recovery hints for common errors
+    let lower = msg.to_ascii_lowercase();
+    let hint = if lower.contains("database_url")
+        || lower.contains("database") && lower.contains("not set")
+    {
+        Some("run `ironclaw onboard` or set DATABASE_URL in .env")
+    } else if lower.contains("connection refused") || lower.contains("connect error") {
+        Some("check that the database server is running")
+    } else if lower.contains("session") && lower.contains("not found") {
+        Some("run `ironclaw onboard` to set up authentication")
+    } else if lower.contains("secrets_master_key") {
+        Some("run `ironclaw onboard` or set SECRETS_MASTER_KEY in .env")
+    } else if lower.contains("already running") {
+        Some("stop the other instance or remove the stale PID file")
+    } else if lower.contains("onboard") {
+        Some("run `ironclaw onboard` to complete setup")
+    } else {
+        None
+    };
+
+    if let Some(hint_text) = hint {
+        eprintln!("  {}hint:{} {}", fmt::dim(), fmt::reset(), hint_text,);
+    }
+    eprintln!();
 }

 async fn async_main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
@@ -190,6 +229,7 @@ async fn async_main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
            channels_only,
            provider_only,
            quick,
+            step,
        }) => {
            #[cfg(any(feature = "postgres", feature = "libsql"))]
            {
@@ -198,6 +238,7 @@ async fn async_main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
                    channels_only: *channels_only,
                    provider_only: *provider_only,
                    quick: *quick,
+                    steps: step.clone(),
                };
                let mut wizard =
                    SetupWizard::try_with_config_and_toml(config, cli.config.as_deref())?;
@@ -205,7 +246,7 @@ async fn async_main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
            }
            #[cfg(not(any(feature = "postgres", feature = "libsql")))]
            {
-                let _ = (skip_auth, channels_only, provider_only, quick);
+                let _ = (skip_auth, channels_only, provider_only, quick, step);
                eprintln!("Onboarding wizard requires the 'postgres' or 'libsql' feature.");
            }
            return Ok(());
@@ -233,6 +274,8 @@ async fn async_main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
        }
    };

+    let startup_start = std::time::Instant::now();
+
    // ── Agent startup ──────────────────────────────────────────────────

    // Enhanced first-run detection
@@ -691,6 +734,7 @@ async fn async_main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
                .and_then(|t| t.public_url())
                .or_else(|| config.tunnel.public_url.clone()),
            tunnel_provider: active_tunnel.as_ref().map(|t| t.name().to_string()),
+            startup_elapsed: Some(startup_start.elapsed()),
        };
        ironclaw::boot_screen::print_boot_screen(&boot_info);
    }
@@ -802,10 +846,11 @@ async fn async_main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
        cost_guard: components.cost_guard,
        sse_tx: sse_sender,
        http_interceptor,
-        transcription: config
-            .transcription
-            .create_provider()
-            .map(|p| Arc::new(ironclaw::transcription::TranscriptionMiddleware::new(p))),
+        transcription: config.transcription.create_provider().map(|p| {
+            Arc::new(ironclaw::llm::transcription::TranscriptionMiddleware::new(
+                p,
+            ))
+        }),
        document_extraction: Some(Arc::new(
            ironclaw::document_extraction::DocumentExtractionMiddleware::new(),
        )),
@@ -164,19 +164,15 @@ pub async fn setup_orchestrator(

 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use std::sync::Mutex;
-
    use super::*;
-
-    /// Serialize access to `ORCHESTRATOR_PORT` env var across test threads.
-    static ENV_LOCK: Mutex<()> = Mutex::new(());
+    use crate::config::helpers::lock_env;

    #[test]
    fn resolve_orchestrator_port_from_env() {
-        let _guard = ENV_LOCK.lock().unwrap();
+        let _guard = lock_env();

        // Safety: env-var mutation requires unsafe in edition 2024;
-        // ENV_LOCK serializes concurrent access from other test threads.
+        // lock_env() serializes concurrent access from other test threads.

        // Absent env var → default 50051
        unsafe { std::env::remove_var("ORCHESTRATOR_PORT") };
@@ -123,15 +123,32 @@ pub fn select_many(prompt: &str, options: &[(&str, bool)]) -> io::Result<Vec<usi
            writeln!(stdout, "\r")?;

            for (i, (label, _)) in options.iter().enumerate() {
-                let checkbox = if selected[i] { "[x]" } else { "[ ]" };
-                let prefix = if i == cursor_pos { ">" } else { " " };
-
                if i == cursor_pos {
+                    // Cursor line: cyan cursor, then colored checkbox
                    execute!(stdout, SetForegroundColor(Color::Cyan))?;
-                    writeln!(stdout, "  {} {} {}\r", prefix, checkbox, label)?;
+                    write!(stdout, "  \u{25b8} ")?;
+                    if selected[i] {
+                        execute!(stdout, SetForegroundColor(Color::Green))?;
+                        write!(stdout, "[\u{2713}]")?;
+                    } else {
+                        execute!(stdout, SetForegroundColor(Color::DarkGrey))?;
+                        write!(stdout, "[\u{00b7}]")?;
+                    }
+                    execute!(stdout, SetForegroundColor(Color::Cyan))?;
+                    writeln!(stdout, " {}\r", label)?;
                    execute!(stdout, ResetColor)?;
                } else {
-                    writeln!(stdout, "  {} {} {}\r", prefix, checkbox, label)?;
+                    write!(stdout, "    ")?;
+                    if selected[i] {
+                        execute!(stdout, SetForegroundColor(Color::Green))?;
+                        write!(stdout, "[\u{2713}]")?;
+                        execute!(stdout, ResetColor)?;
+                    } else {
+                        execute!(stdout, SetForegroundColor(Color::DarkGrey))?;
+                        write!(stdout, "[\u{00b7}]")?;
+                        execute!(stdout, ResetColor)?;
+                    }
+                    writeln!(stdout, " {}\r", label)?;
                }
            }

@@ -284,18 +301,12 @@ pub fn confirm(prompt: &str, default: bool) -> io::Result<bool> {
    })
 }

-/// Print the IronClaw ASCII art banner in blue.
+/// Print a minimal wordmark banner.
 pub fn print_banner() {
-    let mut stdout = io::stdout();
-    let _ = execute!(stdout, SetForegroundColor(Color::Cyan));
+    use crate::cli::fmt;
+    println!();
+    println!("  {}ironclaw{}", fmt::bold_accent(), fmt::reset());
    println!();
-    println!(r" ██╗██████╗  ██████╗ ███╗   ██╗ ██████╗██╗      █████╗ ██╗    ██╗");
-    println!(r" ██║██╔══██╗██╔═══██╗████╗  ██║██╔════╝██║     ██╔══██╗██║    ██║");
-    println!(r" ██║██████╔╝██║   ██║██╔██╗ ██║██║     ██║     ███████║██║ █╗ ██║");
-    println!(r" ██║██╔══██╗██║   ██║██║╚██╗██║██║     ██║     ██╔══██║██║███╗██║");
-    println!(r" ██║██║  ██║╚██████╔╝██║ ╚████║╚██████╗███████╗██║  ██║╚███╔███╔╝");
-    println!(r" ╚═╝╚═╝  ╚═╝ ╚═════╝ ╚═╝  ╚═══╝ ╚═════╝╚══════╝╚═╝  ╚═╝ ╚══╝╚══╝ ");
-    let _ = execute!(stdout, ResetColor);
 }

 /// Print a styled header box.
@@ -310,24 +321,38 @@ pub fn print_header(text: &str) {
    let border = "─".repeat(width);

    println!();
-    println!("╭{}╮", border);
+    println!("┌{}┐", border);
    println!("│  {}  │", text);
-    println!("╰{}╯", border);
+    println!("└{}┘", border);
    println!();
 }

-/// Print a step indicator.
+/// Print a compact dot-based step indicator.
+///
+/// `●` = completed (green/success), `◉` = current (accent), `○` = remaining (dim).
 ///
 /// # Example
 ///
 /// ```ignore
-/// print_step(1, 3, "NEAR AI Authentication");
-/// // Output: Step 1/3: NEAR AI Authentication
-/// //         ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
+/// print_step(3, 5, "Model Selection");
+/// // Output:   ● ● ◉ ○ ○   Model Selection
 /// ```
 pub fn print_step(current: usize, total: usize, name: &str) {
-    println!("Step {}/{}: {}", current, total, name);
-    println!("{}", "━".repeat(32));
+    use crate::cli::fmt;
+    let mut dots = String::new();
+    for i in 1..=total {
+        if i > 1 {
+            dots.push(' ');
+        }
+        if i < current {
+            dots.push_str(&format!("{}\u{25CF}{}", fmt::success(), fmt::reset())); // ● green
+        } else if i == current {
+            dots.push_str(&format!("{}\u{25C9}{}", fmt::accent(), fmt::reset())); // ◉ accent
+        } else {
+            dots.push_str(&format!("{}\u{25CB}{}", fmt::dim(), fmt::reset())); // ○ dim
+        }
+    }
+    println!("  {}   {}", dots, name);
    println!();
 }

@@ -84,6 +84,8 @@ pub struct SetupConfig {
    pub provider_only: bool,
    /// Quick setup: auto-defaults everything except LLM provider and model.
    pub quick: bool,
+    /// Run only specific setup steps (e.g. "provider", "channels", "model", "database", "security").
+    pub steps: Vec<String>,
 }

 /// Interactive setup wizard for IronClaw.
@@ -188,6 +190,55 @@ impl SetupWizard {
        print_banner();
        print_header("IronClaw Setup Wizard");

+        if !self.config.steps.is_empty() {
+            // Selective step mode: reconnect to existing DB and load settings,
+            // then run only the requested steps.
+            self.reconnect_existing_db().await?;
+
+            let valid_steps = ["provider", "channels", "model", "database", "security"];
+            for s in &self.config.steps {
+                if !valid_steps.contains(&s.as_str()) {
+                    return Err(SetupError::Config(format!(
+                        "Unknown step '{}'. Valid steps: {}",
+                        s,
+                        valid_steps.join(", ")
+                    )));
+                }
+            }
+
+            let total = self.config.steps.len();
+            for (i, step_name) in self.config.steps.clone().iter().enumerate() {
+                let step_num = i + 1;
+                match step_name.as_str() {
+                    "database" => {
+                        print_step(step_num, total, "Database Connection");
+                        self.step_database().await?;
+                    }
+                    "security" => {
+                        print_step(step_num, total, "Security");
+                        self.step_security().await?;
+                    }
+                    "provider" => {
+                        print_step(step_num, total, "Inference Provider");
+                        self.step_inference_provider().await?;
+                    }
+                    "model" => {
+                        print_step(step_num, total, "Model Selection");
+                        self.step_model_selection().await?;
+                    }
+                    "channels" => {
+                        print_step(step_num, total, "Channel Configuration");
+                        self.step_channels().await?;
+                    }
+                    _ => {} // already validated above
+                }
+                self.persist_after_step().await;
+            }
+
+            self.save_and_summarize().await?;
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
        if self.config.channels_only {
            // Channels-only mode: reconnect to existing DB and load settings
            // before running the channel step, so secrets and save work.
@@ -220,23 +271,23 @@ impl SetupWizard {
            // Pre-populate backend from env so step_inference_provider
            // can offer "Keep current provider?" instead of asking from scratch.
            if self.settings.llm_backend.is_none() {
-                use crate::config::helpers::env_or_override;
-                if let Some(b) = env_or_override("LLM_BACKEND")
-                    && !b.trim().is_empty()
-                {
-                    self.settings.llm_backend = Some(b.trim().to_string());
-                } else if env_or_override("NEARAI_API_KEY").is_some() {
+                if let Ok(b) = std::env::var("LLM_BACKEND") {
+                    self.settings.llm_backend = Some(b);
+                } else if std::env::var("NEARAI_API_KEY").is_ok() {
                    self.settings.llm_backend = Some("nearai".to_string());
-                } else if env_or_override("ANTHROPIC_API_KEY").is_some()
-                    || env_or_override("ANTHROPIC_OAUTH_TOKEN").is_some()
+                } else if std::env::var("ANTHROPIC_API_KEY").is_ok()
+                    || std::env::var("ANTHROPIC_OAUTH_TOKEN").is_ok()
                {
                    self.settings.llm_backend = Some("anthropic".to_string());
-                } else if env_or_override("OPENAI_API_KEY").is_some() {
+                } else if std::env::var("OPENAI_API_KEY").is_ok() {
                    self.settings.llm_backend = Some("openai".to_string());
+                } else if std::env::var("OPENROUTER_API_KEY").is_ok() {
+                    self.settings.llm_backend = Some("openrouter".to_string());
                }
            }

-            if let Some(api_key) = crate::config::helpers::env_or_override("NEARAI_API_KEY")
+            if let Ok(api_key) = std::env::var("NEARAI_API_KEY")
+                && !api_key.is_empty()
                && self.settings.llm_backend.as_deref() == Some("nearai")
            {
                // NEARAI_API_KEY is set and backend auto-detected — skip interactive prompts
@@ -254,6 +305,79 @@ impl SetupWizard {
                    print_info(&format!("Using default model: {default}"));
                }
                self.persist_after_step().await;
+            } else if self.settings.llm_backend.as_deref() == Some("anthropic")
+                && let Some(api_key) = Self::detect_anthropic_key()
+            {
+                // Anthropic key detected — skip interactive prompts
+                print_info("Anthropic credentials found — using Anthropic provider");
+                let secret_name = if api_key.starts_with("sk-ant-oat") {
+                    "llm_anthropic_oauth_token"
+                } else {
+                    "llm_anthropic_api_key"
+                };
+                if let Ok(ctx) = self.init_secrets_context().await {
+                    let key = SecretString::from(api_key.clone());
+                    if let Err(e) = ctx.save_secret(secret_name, &key).await {
+                        tracing::warn!("Failed to persist Anthropic key to secrets: {}", e);
+                    }
+                }
+                self.llm_api_key = Some(SecretString::from(api_key));
+                let registry = crate::llm::ProviderRegistry::load();
+                if self.settings.selected_model.is_none() {
+                    let default = registry
+                        .find("anthropic")
+                        .map(|d| d.default_model.as_str())
+                        .unwrap_or("claude-sonnet-4-20250514");
+                    self.settings.selected_model = Some(default.to_string());
+                    print_info(&format!("Using default model: {default}"));
+                }
+                self.persist_after_step().await;
+            } else if let Ok(api_key) = std::env::var("OPENAI_API_KEY")
+                && !api_key.is_empty()
+                && self.settings.llm_backend.as_deref() == Some("openai")
+            {
+                // OpenAI key detected — skip interactive prompts
+                print_info("OPENAI_API_KEY found — using OpenAI provider");
+                if let Ok(ctx) = self.init_secrets_context().await {
+                    let key = SecretString::from(api_key.clone());
+                    if let Err(e) = ctx.save_secret("llm_openai_api_key", &key).await {
+                        tracing::warn!("Failed to persist OPENAI_API_KEY to secrets: {}", e);
+                    }
+                }
+                self.llm_api_key = Some(SecretString::from(api_key));
+                let registry = crate::llm::ProviderRegistry::load();
+                if self.settings.selected_model.is_none() {
+                    let default = registry
+                        .find("openai")
+                        .map(|d| d.default_model.as_str())
+                        .unwrap_or("gpt-5-mini");
+                    self.settings.selected_model = Some(default.to_string());
+                    print_info(&format!("Using default model: {default}"));
+                }
+                self.persist_after_step().await;
+            } else if let Ok(api_key) = std::env::var("OPENROUTER_API_KEY")
+                && !api_key.is_empty()
+                && self.settings.llm_backend.as_deref() == Some("openrouter")
+            {
+                // OpenRouter key detected — skip interactive prompts
+                print_info("OPENROUTER_API_KEY found — using OpenRouter provider");
+                if let Ok(ctx) = self.init_secrets_context().await {
+                    let key = SecretString::from(api_key.clone());
+                    if let Err(e) = ctx.save_secret("llm_openrouter_api_key", &key).await {
+                        tracing::warn!("Failed to persist OPENROUTER_API_KEY to secrets: {}", e);
+                    }
+                }
+                self.llm_api_key = Some(SecretString::from(api_key));
+                let registry = crate::llm::ProviderRegistry::load();
+                if self.settings.selected_model.is_none() {
+                    let default = registry
+                        .find("openrouter")
+                        .map(|d| d.default_model.as_str())
+                        .unwrap_or("openai/gpt-4o");
+                    self.settings.selected_model = Some(default.to_string());
+                    print_info(&format!("Using default model: {default}"));
+                }
+                self.persist_after_step().await;
            } else {
                print_step(1, 2, "Inference Provider");
                self.step_inference_provider().await?;
@@ -1078,23 +1202,40 @@ impl SetupWizard {
                    .map(|s| s.display_name().to_string())
                    .unwrap_or_else(|| def.id.clone())
            } else {
-                current.clone()
+                match current.as_str() {
+                    "nearai" => "NEAR AI".to_string(),
+                    "gemini_oauth" | "gemini-oauth" => "Gemini API (OAuth)".to_string(),
+                    _ => {
+                        if let Some(def) = registry.find(&current) {
+                            def.setup
+                                .as_ref()
+                                .map(|s| s.display_name().to_string())
+                                .unwrap_or_else(|| def.id.clone())
+                        } else {
+                            current.clone()
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
            };
            print_info(&format!("Current provider: {}", display));
            println!();

            let is_known = current == "nearai"
                || current == "bedrock"
+                || current == "gemini_oauth"
+                || current == "gemini-oauth"
                || current == "openai_codex"
                || registry.is_known(&current);

            if is_known && confirm("Keep current provider?", true).map_err(SetupError::Io)? {
                if current == "bedrock" {
-                    // Keeping the existing Bedrock config — no need to re-run
-                    // the full setup flow (region, auth, cross-region).
                    print_info("Keeping existing AWS Bedrock configuration.");
                    return Ok(());
                }
+                if current == "gemini_oauth" || current == "gemini-oauth" {
+                    print_info("Keeping existing Gemini CLI OAuth configuration.");
+                    return Ok(());
+                }
                if current == "openai_codex" {
                    print_info("Keeping existing OpenAI Codex configuration.");
                    return Ok(());
@@ -1113,33 +1254,100 @@ impl SetupWizard {
        print_info("Select your inference provider:");
        println!();

-        // Build menu: NearAI first, then OpenAI Codex, then registry providers, then Bedrock
+        // Build menu: NearAI first, then Gemini OAuth, then OpenAI Codex, then registry providers, then Bedrock
        let selectable = registry.selectable();
-        let mut options: Vec<String> = Vec::with_capacity(2 + selectable.len());
-        let mut provider_ids: Vec<String> = Vec::with_capacity(2 + selectable.len());

-        options.push("NEAR AI          - multi-model access via NEAR account".to_string());
-        provider_ids.push("nearai".to_string());
+        // Detect which providers have API keys already set in the environment.
+        let detected_env: HashMap<&str, bool> = [
+            ("nearai", std::env::var("NEARAI_API_KEY").is_ok()),
+            (
+                "anthropic",
+                std::env::var("ANTHROPIC_API_KEY").is_ok()
+                    || std::env::var("ANTHROPIC_OAUTH_TOKEN").is_ok(),
+            ),
+            ("openai", std::env::var("OPENAI_API_KEY").is_ok()),
+            ("openrouter", std::env::var("OPENROUTER_API_KEY").is_ok()),
+        ]
+        .into_iter()
+        .collect();

-        options.push("OpenAI Codex     - ChatGPT subscription (Plus/Pro/Max)".to_string());
-        provider_ids.push("openai_codex".to_string());
+        // Helper: build a label for a provider entry, prepending a checkmark if detected.
+        let make_label = |id: &str, name: &str, desc: &str| -> String {
+            if detected_env.get(id).copied().unwrap_or(false) {
+                format!("\u{2713} {:<15}- {}", name, desc)
+            } else {
+                format!("  {:<15}- {}", name, desc)
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Collect all entries as (provider_id, label, is_detected).
+        struct ProviderEntry {
+            id: String,
+            label: String,
+            detected: bool,
+        }
+
+        let mut entries: Vec<ProviderEntry> = Vec::with_capacity(2 + selectable.len());
+
+        entries.push(ProviderEntry {
+            id: "nearai".to_string(),
+            label: make_label("nearai", "NEAR AI", "multi-model access via NEAR account"),
+            detected: detected_env.get("nearai").copied().unwrap_or(false),
+        });
+
+        entries.push(ProviderEntry {
+            id: "gemini_oauth".to_string(),
+            label: make_label(
+                "gemini_oauth",
+                "Gemini CLI",
+                "Official Gemini API via Gemini CLI OAuth",
+            ),
+            detected: false,
+        });
+
+        entries.push(ProviderEntry {
+            id: "openai_codex".to_string(),
+            label: make_label(
+                "openai_codex",
+                "OpenAI Codex",
+                "ChatGPT subscription (Plus/Pro/Max)",
+            ),
+            detected: false,
+        });

        for def in &selectable {
-            let label = format!(
-                "{:<17}- {}",
-                def.setup
-                    .as_ref()
-                    .map(|s| s.display_name())
-                    .unwrap_or(&def.id),
-                def.description
-            );
-            options.push(label);
-            provider_ids.push(def.id.clone());
+            let display_name = def
+                .setup
+                .as_ref()
+                .map(|s| s.display_name())
+                .unwrap_or(&def.id);
+            entries.push(ProviderEntry {
+                id: def.id.clone(),
+                label: make_label(&def.id, display_name, &def.description),
+                detected: detected_env.get(def.id.as_str()).copied().unwrap_or(false),
+            });
        }

        // Bedrock is a special case (native AWS SDK, not registry-based)
-        options.push("AWS Bedrock      - Claude & other models via AWS (IAM, SSO)".to_string());
-        provider_ids.push("bedrock".to_string());
+        entries.push(ProviderEntry {
+            id: "bedrock".to_string(),
+            label: make_label(
+                "bedrock",
+                "AWS Bedrock",
+                "Claude & other models via AWS (IAM, SSO)",
+            ),
+            detected: false,
+        });
+
+        // Sort: detected providers first, preserving relative order within each group.
+        entries.sort_by_key(|e| !e.detected);
+
+        let mut options: Vec<String> = Vec::with_capacity(entries.len());
+        let mut provider_ids: Vec<String> = Vec::with_capacity(entries.len());
+        for entry in &entries {
+            options.push(entry.label.clone());
+            provider_ids.push(entry.id.clone());
+        }

        let option_refs: Vec<&str> = options.iter().map(|s| s.as_str()).collect();
        let choice = select_one("Provider:", &option_refs).map_err(SetupError::Io)?;
@@ -1147,6 +1355,8 @@ impl SetupWizard {

        if selected_id == "bedrock" {
            self.setup_bedrock().await?;
+        } else if selected_id == "gemini_oauth" {
+            self.setup_gemini_oauth().await?;
        } else {
            self.run_provider_setup(selected_id, &registry).await?;
        }
@@ -1241,6 +1451,24 @@ impl SetupWizard {
        Ok(())
    }

+    /// Detect an Anthropic credential from the environment.
+    ///
+    /// Checks `ANTHROPIC_API_KEY` first, then `ANTHROPIC_OAUTH_TOKEN`.
+    /// Returns the key/token string if found, or `None`.
+    fn detect_anthropic_key() -> Option<String> {
+        if let Ok(key) = std::env::var("ANTHROPIC_API_KEY")
+            && !key.is_empty()
+        {
+            return Some(key);
+        }
+        if let Ok(token) = std::env::var("ANTHROPIC_OAUTH_TOKEN")
+            && !token.is_empty()
+        {
+            return Some(token);
+        }
+        None
+    }
+
    /// Update the selected LLM backend while preserving the current model when
    /// the backend did not actually change.
    fn set_llm_backend_preserving_model(&mut self, backend: &str) {
@@ -1795,6 +2023,40 @@ impl SetupWizard {
        Ok(())
    }

+    async fn setup_gemini_oauth(&mut self) -> Result<(), SetupError> {
+        self.settings.llm_backend = Some("gemini_oauth".to_string());
+        print_info("Starting Gemini CLI OAuth authentication...");
+        println!();
+
+        let creds_path = crate::config::GeminiOauthConfig::default_credentials_path();
+        let cred_manager =
+            crate::llm::gemini_oauth::CredentialManager::new(&creds_path).map_err(|e| {
+                SetupError::Config(format!(
+                    "Failed to initialize Gemini credential manager: {}",
+                    e
+                ))
+            })?;
+
+        match cred_manager.get_valid_credential().await {
+            Ok(cred) => {
+                print_success("Gemini CLI authentication successful!");
+                if let Some(ref pid) = cred.project_id {
+                    print_info(&format!("Cloud Code project: {}", pid));
+                }
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                return Err(SetupError::Config(format!(
+                    "Gemini CLI authentication failed: {}. Please try again.",
+                    e
+                )));
+            }
+        }
+
+        println!();
+        print_success("Gemini API configured via Gemini CLI");
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
    /// Step 4: Model selection.
    ///
    /// Branches on the selected LLM backend and fetches models from the
@@ -1818,109 +2080,157 @@ impl SetupWizard {
        let backend = self.settings.llm_backend.as_deref().unwrap_or("nearai");
        let registry = crate::llm::ProviderRegistry::load();

-        if backend == "nearai" {
-            // NEAR AI: use existing provider list_models()
-            let fetched = self.fetch_nearai_models().await;
-            let models = if fetched.is_empty() {
-                crate::llm::default_models()
-            } else {
-                fetched.iter().map(|m| (m.clone(), m.clone())).collect()
-            };
-            self.select_from_model_list(&models)?;
-        } else if let Some(def) = registry.find(backend) {
-            let can_list = def
-                .setup
-                .as_ref()
-                .map(|s| s.can_list_models())
-                .unwrap_or(false);
-
-            if can_list {
-                // Try to fetch models from the provider's /v1/models endpoint
-                let cached_key = self
-                    .llm_api_key
-                    .as_ref()
-                    .map(|k| k.expose_secret().to_string());
-
-                let models = match backend {
-                    "anthropic" => fetch_anthropic_models(cached_key.as_deref()).await,
-                    "openai" => fetch_openai_models(cached_key.as_deref()).await,
-                    "ollama" => {
-                        let base_url = self
-                            .settings
-                            .ollama_base_url
-                            .as_deref()
-                            .or(def.default_base_url.as_deref())
-                            .unwrap_or("http://localhost:11434");
-                        let models = fetch_ollama_models(base_url).await;
-                        if models.is_empty() {
-                            print_info("No models found. Pull one first: ollama pull llama3");
-                        }
-                        models
-                    }
-                    _ => {
-                        // Generic OpenAI-compatible model listing
-                        let base_url = def.default_base_url.as_deref().unwrap_or("");
-                        fetch_openai_compatible_models(base_url, cached_key.as_deref()).await
-                    }
-                };
-
-                // Apply models_filter from setup hint (e.g., Groq "chat" filters non-chat models)
-                let models =
-                    if let Some(filter) = def.setup.as_ref().and_then(|s| s.models_filter()) {
-                        let filter_lower = filter.to_lowercase();
-                        models
-                            .into_iter()
-                            .filter(|(id, _)| id.to_lowercase().contains(&filter_lower))
-                            .collect()
-                    } else {
-                        models
-                    };
-
-                if models.is_empty() {
-                    // Fall back to manual entry
-                    let default = &def.default_model;
-                    let model_id = input(&format!("Model name (default: {default})"))
-                        .map_err(SetupError::Io)?;
-                    let model_id = if model_id.is_empty() {
-                        default.clone()
-                    } else {
-                        model_id
-                    };
-                    self.settings.selected_model = Some(model_id.clone());
-                    print_success(&format!("Selected {}", model_id));
+        match backend {
+            "nearai" => {
+                // NEAR AI: use existing provider list_models()
+                let fetched = self.fetch_nearai_models().await;
+                let models = if fetched.is_empty() {
+                    crate::llm::default_models()
                } else {
-                    self.select_from_model_list(&models)?;
-                }
-            } else {
-                // Manual model entry
-                let default = &def.default_model;
+                    fetched.iter().map(|m| (m.clone(), m.clone())).collect()
+                };
+                self.select_from_model_list(&models)?;
+            }
+            "gemini_oauth" | "gemini-oauth" => {
+                let default_models: Vec<(String, String)> = vec![
+                    (
+                        "gemini-3.1-pro-preview".into(),
+                        "Gemini 3.1 Pro (Latest, strongest reasoning)".into(),
+                    ),
+                    (
+                        "gemini-3.1-pro-preview-customtools".into(),
+                        "Gemini 3.1 Pro Custom Tools (Enhanced tool use)".into(),
+                    ),
+                    (
+                        "gemini-3-pro-preview".into(),
+                        "Gemini 3 Pro (Preview)".into(),
+                    ),
+                    (
+                        "gemini-3-flash-preview".into(),
+                        "Gemini 3 Flash (Fast preview with thinking)".into(),
+                    ),
+                    (
+                        "gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview".into(),
+                        "Gemini 3.1 Flash Lite (Preview, lightweight)".into(),
+                    ),
+                    (
+                        "gemini-2.5-pro".into(),
+                        "Gemini 2.5 Pro (Stable, strong reasoning)".into(),
+                    ),
+                    (
+                        "gemini-2.5-flash".into(),
+                        "Gemini 2.5 Flash (Fast, good quality)".into(),
+                    ),
+                    (
+                        "gemini-2.5-flash-lite".into(),
+                        "Gemini 2.5 Flash Lite (Fastest, lightweight)".into(),
+                    ),
+                ];
+                self.select_from_model_list(&default_models)?;
+            }
+            "bedrock" => {
                let model_id =
-                    input(&format!("Model name (default: {default})")).map_err(SetupError::Io)?;
-                let model_id = if model_id.is_empty() {
-                    default.clone()
-                } else {
-                    model_id
-                };
+                    input("Bedrock model ID (e.g., anthropic.claude-v3-sonnet-20240229-v1:0)")
+                        .map_err(SetupError::Io)?;
+                if model_id.is_empty() {
+                    return Err(SetupError::Config("Model ID is required".to_string()));
+                }
                self.settings.selected_model = Some(model_id.clone());
                print_success(&format!("Selected {}", model_id));
            }
-        } else if backend == "bedrock" {
-            let model_id = input("Bedrock model ID (e.g., anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1)")
-                .map_err(SetupError::Io)?;
-            if model_id.is_empty() {
-                return Err(SetupError::Config("Model ID is required".to_string()));
+            _ => {
+                if let Some(def) = registry.find(backend) {
+                    let can_list = def
+                        .setup
+                        .as_ref()
+                        .map(|s| s.can_list_models())
+                        .unwrap_or(false);
+
+                    if can_list {
+                        // Try to fetch models from the provider's /v1/models endpoint
+                        let cached_key = self
+                            .llm_api_key
+                            .as_ref()
+                            .map(|k| k.expose_secret().to_string());
+
+                        let models = match backend {
+                            "anthropic" => fetch_anthropic_models(cached_key.as_deref()).await,
+                            "openai" => fetch_openai_models(cached_key.as_deref()).await,
+                            "ollama" => {
+                                let base_url = self
+                                    .settings
+                                    .ollama_base_url
+                                    .as_deref()
+                                    .or(def.default_base_url.as_deref())
+                                    .unwrap_or("http://localhost:11434");
+                                let models = fetch_ollama_models(base_url).await;
+                                if models.is_empty() {
+                                    print_info(
+                                        "No models found. Pull one first: ollama pull llama3",
+                                    );
+                                }
+                                models
+                            }
+                            _ => {
+                                // Generic OpenAI-compatible model listing
+                                let base_url = def.default_base_url.as_deref().unwrap_or("");
+                                fetch_openai_compatible_models(base_url, cached_key.as_deref())
+                                    .await
+                            }
+                        };
+
+                        // Apply models_filter from setup hint
+                        let models = if let Some(filter) =
+                            def.setup.as_ref().and_then(|s| s.models_filter())
+                        {
+                            let filter_lower = filter.to_lowercase();
+                            models
+                                .into_iter()
+                                .filter(|(id, _)| id.to_lowercase().contains(&filter_lower))
+                                .collect()
+                        } else {
+                            models
+                        };
+
+                        if models.is_empty() {
+                            // Fall back to manual entry
+                            let default = &def.default_model;
+                            let model_id = input(&format!("Model name (default: {default})"))
+                                .map_err(SetupError::Io)?;
+                            let model_id = if model_id.is_empty() {
+                                default.clone()
+                            } else {
+                                model_id
+                            };
+                            self.settings.selected_model = Some(model_id.clone());
+                            print_success(&format!("Selected {}", model_id));
+                        } else {
+                            self.select_from_model_list(&models)?;
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        // Manual model entry
+                        let default = &def.default_model;
+                        let model_id = input(&format!("Model name (default: {default})"))
+                            .map_err(SetupError::Io)?;
+                        let model_id = if model_id.is_empty() {
+                            default.clone()
+                        } else {
+                            model_id
+                        };
+                        self.settings.selected_model = Some(model_id.clone());
+                        print_success(&format!("Selected {}", model_id));
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    // Unknown provider, manual entry
+                    let model_id = input("Model name (e.g., meta-llama/Llama-3-8b-chat-hf)")
+                        .map_err(SetupError::Io)?;
+                    if model_id.is_empty() {
+                        return Err(SetupError::Config("Model name is required".to_string()));
+                    }
+                    self.settings.selected_model = Some(model_id.clone());
+                    print_success(&format!("Selected {}", model_id));
+                }
            }
-            self.settings.selected_model = Some(model_id.clone());
-            print_success(&format!("Selected {}", model_id));
-        } else {
-            // Unknown provider, manual entry
-            let model_id = input("Model name (e.g., meta-llama/Llama-3-8b-chat-hf)")
-                .map_err(SetupError::Io)?;
-            if model_id.is_empty() {
-                return Err(SetupError::Config("Model name is required".to_string()));
-            }
-            self.settings.selected_model = Some(model_id.clone());
-            print_success(&format!("Selected {}", model_id));
        }

        Ok(())
@@ -2976,8 +3286,11 @@ impl SetupWizard {
        let _ = loaded;
    }

-    /// Save settings to the database and `~/.ironclaw/.env`, then print summary.
+    /// Save settings to the database and `~/.ironclaw/.env`, then print
+    /// a warm completion card with the 3 key facts.
    async fn save_and_summarize(&mut self) -> Result<(), SetupError> {
+        use crate::cli::fmt;
+
        self.settings.onboard_completed = true;

        // Final persist (idempotent — earlier incremental saves already wrote
@@ -2993,117 +3306,108 @@ impl SetupWizard {
        // Write bootstrap env (also idempotent)
        self.write_bootstrap_env()?;

+        // ── Completion card ───────────────────────────────────
+        let sep = fmt::separator(38);
+
        println!();
-        print_success("Configuration saved to database");
+        println!("  {}", sep);
        println!();

-        // Print summary
-        println!("Configuration Summary:");
-        println!("━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━");
+        // Title line: checkmark + "ironclaw is ready"
+        println!(
+            "  {}\u{2713}{} {}ironclaw is ready{}",
+            fmt::success(),
+            fmt::reset(),
+            fmt::bold_accent(),
+            fmt::reset(),
+        );
+        println!();

-        let backend = self
-            .settings
-            .database_backend
-            .as_deref()
-            .unwrap_or("postgres");
-        match backend {
-            "libsql" => {
-                if let Some(ref path) = self.settings.libsql_path {
-                    println!("  Database: libSQL ({})", path);
-                } else {
-                    println!("  Database: libSQL (default path)");
-                }
-                if self.settings.libsql_url.is_some() {
-                    println!("  Turso sync: enabled");
-                }
-            }
-            _ => {
-                if self.settings.database_url.is_some() {
-                    println!("  Database: PostgreSQL (configured)");
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        match self.settings.secrets_master_key_source {
-            KeySource::Keychain => println!("  Security: OS keychain"),
-            KeySource::Env => println!("  Security: environment variable"),
-            KeySource::None => println!("  Security: disabled"),
-        }
-
-        if let Some(ref provider) = self.settings.llm_backend {
-            let display = match provider.as_str() {
-                "nearai" => "NEAR AI",
-                "anthropic" => "Anthropic",
-                "openai" => "OpenAI",
-                "ollama" => "Ollama",
-                "openai_compatible" => "OpenAI-compatible",
-                "bedrock" => "AWS Bedrock",
-                "openai_codex" => "OpenAI Codex",
-                other => other,
-            };
-            println!("  Provider: {}", display);
-        }
-
-        if let Some(ref model) = self.settings.selected_model {
+        // Fact 1: Provider + model
+        let provider_display = match self.settings.llm_backend.as_deref() {
+            Some("nearai") => "NEAR AI".to_string(),
+            Some("anthropic") => "Anthropic".to_string(),
+            Some("openai") => "OpenAI".to_string(),
+            Some("ollama") => "Ollama".to_string(),
+            Some("openai_compatible") => "OpenAI-compatible".to_string(),
+            Some("bedrock") => "AWS Bedrock".to_string(),
+            Some("openai_codex") => "OpenAI Codex".to_string(),
+            Some("gemini_oauth") => "Gemini CLI".to_string(),
+            Some(other) => other.to_string(),
+            None => "unknown".to_string(),
+        };
+        let model_suffix = if let Some(ref model) = self.settings.selected_model {
            // Truncate long model names (char-based to avoid UTF-8 panic)
-            let display = if model.chars().count() > 40 {
-                let truncated: String = model.chars().take(37).collect();
+            let display = if model.chars().count() > 30 {
+                let truncated: String = model.chars().take(27).collect();
                format!("{}...", truncated)
            } else {
                model.clone()
            };
-            println!("  Model: {}", display);
-        }
-
-        if self.settings.embeddings.enabled {
-            println!(
-                "  Embeddings: {} ({})",
-                self.settings.embeddings.provider, self.settings.embeddings.model
-            );
+            format!(" ({})", display)
        } else {
-            println!("  Embeddings: disabled");
-        }
+            String::new()
+        };
+        let provider_value = format!("{}{}", provider_display, model_suffix);
+        println!(
+            "    {}provider{}    {}{}{}",
+            fmt::dim(),
+            fmt::reset(),
+            fmt::accent(),
+            provider_value,
+            fmt::reset(),
+        );

-        if let Some(ref tunnel_url) = self.settings.tunnel.public_url {
-            println!("  Tunnel: {} (static)", tunnel_url);
-        } else if let Some(ref provider) = self.settings.tunnel.provider {
-            println!("  Tunnel: {} (managed, starts at boot)", provider);
-        }
+        // Fact 2: Database
+        let db_display = match self.settings.database_backend.as_deref() {
+            Some("libsql") => "libSQL".to_string(),
+            Some("postgres") | Some("postgresql") => "PostgreSQL".to_string(),
+            Some(other) => other.to_string(),
+            None => "unknown".to_string(),
+        };
+        println!(
+            "    {}database{}    {}{}{}",
+            fmt::dim(),
+            fmt::reset(),
+            fmt::accent(),
+            db_display,
+            fmt::reset(),
+        );

-        let has_tunnel =
-            self.settings.tunnel.public_url.is_some() || self.settings.tunnel.provider.is_some();
-
-        println!("  Channels:");
-        println!("    - CLI/TUI: enabled");
-
-        if self.settings.channels.http_enabled {
-            let port = self.settings.channels.http_port.unwrap_or(8080);
-            println!("    - HTTP: enabled (port {})", port);
-        }
-
-        for channel_name in &self.settings.channels.wasm_channels {
-            let mode = if has_tunnel { "webhook" } else { "polling" };
-            println!(
-                "    - {}: enabled ({})",
-                capitalize_first(channel_name),
-                mode
-            );
-        }
-
-        if self.settings.heartbeat.enabled {
-            println!(
-                "  Heartbeat: every {} minutes",
-                self.settings.heartbeat.interval_secs / 60
-            );
-        }
+        // Fact 3: Security
+        let security_display = match self.settings.secrets_master_key_source {
+            KeySource::Keychain => "OS keychain",
+            KeySource::Env => "environment variable",
+            KeySource::None => "disabled",
+        };
+        println!(
+            "    {}security{}    {}{}{}",
+            fmt::dim(),
+            fmt::reset(),
+            fmt::accent(),
+            security_display,
+            fmt::reset(),
+        );

        println!();
-        println!("To start the agent, run:");
-        println!("  ironclaw");
+        println!("  {}", sep);
        println!();
-        println!("To change settings later:");
-        println!("  ironclaw config set <setting> <value>");
-        println!("  ironclaw onboard");
+
+        // Action hints
+        println!(
+            "  {}Start chatting:{}   {}ironclaw{}",
+            fmt::dim(),
+            fmt::reset(),
+            fmt::bold_accent(),
+            fmt::reset(),
+        );
+        println!(
+            "  {}Full setup:{}       {}ironclaw onboard{}",
+            fmt::dim(),
+            fmt::reset(),
+            fmt::bold_accent(),
+            fmt::reset(),
+        );
        println!();

        if self.config.quick {
@@ -3432,7 +3736,7 @@ mod tests {
    use tempfile::tempdir;

    use super::*;
-    use crate::config::helpers::ENV_MUTEX;
+    use crate::config::helpers::lock_env;

    #[test]
    fn test_wizard_creation() {
@@ -3448,6 +3752,7 @@ mod tests {
            channels_only: false,
            provider_only: false,
            quick: false,
+            steps: vec![],
        };
        let wizard = SetupWizard::with_config(config);
        assert!(wizard.config.skip_auth);
@@ -3455,7 +3760,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn test_wizard_owner_id_uses_resolved_env_scope() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        let _owner = EnvGuard::set("IRONCLAW_OWNER_ID", " wizard-owner ");

        let wizard = SetupWizard::new();
@@ -3464,7 +3769,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn test_wizard_owner_id_uses_toml_scope() {
-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        let _owner = EnvGuard::clear("IRONCLAW_OWNER_ID");
        let dir = tempdir().unwrap(); // safety: test-only tempdir setup
        let path = dir.path().join("config.toml");
@@ -3480,7 +3785,7 @@ mod tests {
    fn test_try_with_config_and_toml_propagates_invalid_owner_env() {
        use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStringExt;

-        let _guard = ENV_MUTEX.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+        let _guard = lock_env();
        let original = std::env::var_os("IRONCLAW_OWNER_ID");
        unsafe {
            std::env::set_var("IRONCLAW_OWNER_ID", OsString::from_vec(vec![0x66, 0x80]));
@@ -3940,7 +4245,7 @@ mod tests {
    fn test_build_nearai_model_fetch_config_picks_up_api_key_env() {
        use secrecy::ExposeSecret;

-        let _lock = ENV_MUTEX.lock().unwrap();
+        let _lock = lock_env();
        let _guard = EnvGuard::set("NEARAI_API_KEY", "test-cloud-api-key-12345");
        let _guard2 = EnvGuard::clear("NEARAI_BASE_URL");

@@ -3964,7 +4269,7 @@ mod tests {
    /// the config should have `api_key: None` (session token path).
    #[test]
    fn test_build_nearai_model_fetch_config_none_when_no_api_key() {
-        let _lock = ENV_MUTEX.lock().unwrap();
+        let _lock = lock_env();
        let _guard = EnvGuard::clear("NEARAI_API_KEY");
        let _guard2 = EnvGuard::clear("NEARAI_BASE_URL");

@@ -3983,7 +4288,7 @@ mod tests {
    /// Regression test for #799: empty NEARAI_API_KEY should be treated as absent.
    #[test]
    fn test_build_nearai_model_fetch_config_none_when_empty_api_key() {
-        let _lock = ENV_MUTEX.lock().unwrap();
+        let _lock = lock_env();
        let _guard = EnvGuard::set("NEARAI_API_KEY", "");

        let config = build_nearai_model_fetch_config();
@@ -4001,7 +4306,7 @@ mod tests {
    fn test_model_discovery_picks_up_injected_var() {
        use secrecy::ExposeSecret;

-        let _lock = ENV_MUTEX.lock().unwrap();
+        let _lock = lock_env();
        let _guard = EnvGuard::clear("NEARAI_API_KEY");
        let _guard2 = EnvGuard::clear("NEARAI_BASE_URL");

@@ -4032,7 +4337,7 @@ mod tests {
    /// the NEAR AI authentication menu.
    #[test]
    fn test_build_nearai_model_fetch_config_picks_up_runtime_env() {
-        let _lock = ENV_MUTEX.lock().unwrap();
+        let _lock = lock_env();
        // Ensure the real env var is unset so the only source is the overlay.
        let _guard = EnvGuard::clear("NEARAI_API_KEY");

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicU32, Ordering};

 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use rust_decimal::Decimal;
-use tokio::sync::mpsc;
+use tokio::sync::{Mutex as AsyncMutex, mpsc};

 use crate::agent::AgentDeps;
 use crate::channels::{
@@ -361,6 +361,75 @@ impl Channel for StubChannel {
    }
 }

+/// Captured broadcast deliveries keyed by the target user or chat identifier.
+pub type BroadcastCapture = Arc<AsyncMutex<Vec<(String, OutgoingResponse)>>>;
+
+/// A lightweight channel double that only records `broadcast()` traffic.
+///
+/// This is useful for unit tests that need to assert message routing without
+/// spinning up a full interactive channel harness.
+pub struct RecordingBroadcastChannel {
+    name: &'static str,
+    captures: BroadcastCapture,
+}
+
+impl RecordingBroadcastChannel {
+    pub fn new(name: &'static str) -> (Self, BroadcastCapture) {
+        let captures = Arc::new(AsyncMutex::new(Vec::new()));
+        (
+            Self {
+                name,
+                captures: Arc::clone(&captures),
+            },
+            captures,
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl Channel for RecordingBroadcastChannel {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        self.name
+    }
+
+    async fn start(&self) -> Result<MessageStream, ChannelError> {
+        let (_tx, rx) = mpsc::channel::<IncomingMessage>(1);
+        Ok(Box::pin(tokio_stream::wrappers::ReceiverStream::new(rx)))
+    }
+
+    async fn respond(
+        &self,
+        _msg: &IncomingMessage,
+        _response: OutgoingResponse,
+    ) -> Result<(), ChannelError> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn send_status(
+        &self,
+        _status: StatusUpdate,
+        _metadata: &serde_json::Value,
+    ) -> Result<(), ChannelError> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn broadcast(
+        &self,
+        user_id: &str,
+        response: OutgoingResponse,
+    ) -> Result<(), ChannelError> {
+        self.captures
+            .lock()
+            .await
+            .push((user_id.to_string(), response));
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn health_check(&self) -> Result<(), ChannelError> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
 /// Assembled test components.
 pub struct TestHarness {
    /// The agent dependencies, ready for use.
@@ -271,12 +271,13 @@ impl Tool for MemoryWriteTool {
            .and_then(|v| v.as_bool())
            .unwrap_or(false);

+        // Parse timezone once for targets that need it (daily_log).
+        let tz = crate::timezone::parse_timezone(&ctx.user_timezone).unwrap_or(chrono_tz::Tz::UTC);
+
        // Resolve the target to a workspace path
        let resolved_path = match target {
            "memory" => paths::MEMORY.to_string(),
            "daily_log" => {
-                let tz = crate::timezone::parse_timezone(&ctx.user_timezone)
-                    .unwrap_or(chrono_tz::Tz::UTC);
                let now = chrono::Utc::now().with_timezone(&tz);
                format!("daily/{}.md", now.format("%Y-%m-%d"))
            }
@@ -318,8 +319,6 @@ impl Tool for MemoryWriteTool {
                    }
                }
                "daily_log" => {
-                    let tz = crate::timezone::parse_timezone(&ctx.user_timezone)
-                        .unwrap_or(chrono_tz::Tz::UTC);
                    self.workspace
                        .append_daily_log_tz(content, tz)
                        .await
@@ -80,6 +80,12 @@ fn metadata_notify_user(metadata: &serde_json::Value) -> Option<String> {
    metadata_string(metadata, "notify_user").filter(|value| value != "default")
 }

+// Autonomous runs include `owner_id` when the job is executing on behalf of a
+// durable owner scope instead of an interactive channel actor.
+fn metadata_owner_id(metadata: &serde_json::Value) -> Option<String> {
+    metadata_string(metadata, "owner_id")
+}
+
 fn channel_matches_source(resolved_channel: Option<&str>, source_channel: Option<&str>) -> bool {
    match (resolved_channel, source_channel) {
        (None, _) => true,
@@ -91,11 +97,13 @@ fn channel_matches_source(resolved_channel: Option<&str>, source_channel: Option
 async fn resolve_channel_fallback_target(
    extension_manager: Option<&Arc<ExtensionManager>>,
    channel: Option<&str>,
+    owner_scope_target: Option<&str>,
    ctx_user_id: &str,
 ) -> Option<String> {
-    let channel_name = channel?;
-
-    if let Some(extension_manager) = extension_manager
+    // Prefer an explicit channel binding when the extension manager knows the
+    // durable delivery target (for example, a bound Telegram chat ID).
+    if let Some(channel_name) = channel
+        && let Some(extension_manager) = extension_manager
        && let Some(target) = extension_manager
            .notification_target_for_channel(channel_name)
            .await
@@ -103,13 +111,19 @@ async fn resolve_channel_fallback_target(
        return Some(target);
    }

-    Some(ctx_user_id.to_string())
+    // `owner_id` is only present for autonomous owner-scoped executions.
+    // Interactive chat turns intentionally fall back to `ctx.user_id`, which is
+    // already the active conversation target for the current channel.
+    owner_scope_target
+        .map(ToOwned::to_owned)
+        .or_else(|| Some(ctx_user_id.to_string()))
 }

 struct MessageTargetResolution<'a> {
    extension_manager: Option<&'a Arc<ExtensionManager>>,
    explicit_target: Option<String>,
    metadata_target: Option<String>,
+    owner_scope_target: Option<String>,
    default_target: Option<String>,
    channel: Option<&'a str>,
    metadata_channel: Option<&'a str>,
@@ -133,6 +147,7 @@ async fn resolve_message_target(inputs: MessageTargetResolution<'_>) -> Option<S
        return resolve_channel_fallback_target(
            inputs.extension_manager,
            inputs.channel,
+            inputs.owner_scope_target.as_deref(),
            inputs.ctx_user_id,
        )
        .await;
@@ -145,9 +160,12 @@ async fn resolve_message_target(inputs: MessageTargetResolution<'_>) -> Option<S
    }

    if inputs.channel.is_some() {
+        // Shared per-turn conversation defaults are already scoped to the
+        // active interactive target, so owner scope metadata is irrelevant.
        return resolve_channel_fallback_target(
            inputs.extension_manager,
            inputs.channel,
+            None,
            inputs.ctx_user_id,
        )
        .await;
@@ -224,8 +242,9 @@ impl Tool for MessageTool {
            .unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner())
            .clone();
        let metadata_target = metadata_notify_user(&ctx.metadata);
+        let owner_scope_target = metadata_owner_id(&ctx.metadata);
        let has_execution_routing_metadata =
-            metadata_channel.is_some() || metadata_target.is_some();
+            metadata_channel.is_some() || metadata_target.is_some() || owner_scope_target.is_some();

        // Job metadata is authoritative for autonomous executions. The shared
        // conversation defaults are only a legacy fallback when no execution-local
@@ -250,6 +269,7 @@ impl Tool for MessageTool {
            extension_manager: self.extension_manager.as_ref(),
            explicit_target,
            metadata_target,
+            owner_scope_target,
            default_target,
            channel: channel.as_deref(),
            metadata_channel: metadata_channel.as_deref(),
@@ -405,83 +425,13 @@ impl Tool for MessageTool {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
    use super::*;
-    use async_trait::async_trait;
-    use tokio::sync::{Mutex, mpsc};
-
-    use crate::channels::{
-        Channel, IncomingMessage, MessageStream, OutgoingResponse, StatusUpdate,
-    };
-    use crate::error::ChannelError;
-
-    type BroadcastCapture = Arc<Mutex<Vec<(String, OutgoingResponse)>>>;
-
-    struct RecordingChannel {
-        name: &'static str,
-        captures: BroadcastCapture,
-    }
-
-    impl RecordingChannel {
-        fn new(name: &'static str) -> (Self, BroadcastCapture) {
-            let captures = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::new()));
-            (
-                Self {
-                    name,
-                    captures: Arc::clone(&captures),
-                },
-                captures,
-            )
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[async_trait]
-    impl Channel for RecordingChannel {
-        fn name(&self) -> &str {
-            self.name
-        }
-
-        async fn start(&self) -> Result<MessageStream, ChannelError> {
-            let (_tx, rx) = mpsc::channel::<IncomingMessage>(1);
-            Ok(Box::pin(tokio_stream::wrappers::ReceiverStream::new(rx)))
-        }
-
-        async fn respond(
-            &self,
-            _msg: &IncomingMessage,
-            _response: OutgoingResponse,
-        ) -> Result<(), ChannelError> {
-            Ok(())
-        }
-
-        async fn send_status(
-            &self,
-            _status: StatusUpdate,
-            _metadata: &serde_json::Value,
-        ) -> Result<(), ChannelError> {
-            Ok(())
-        }
-
-        async fn broadcast(
-            &self,
-            user_id: &str,
-            response: OutgoingResponse,
-        ) -> Result<(), ChannelError> {
-            self.captures
-                .lock()
-                .await
-                .push((user_id.to_string(), response));
-            Ok(())
-        }
-
-        async fn health_check(&self) -> Result<(), ChannelError> {
-            Ok(())
-        }
-    }
+    use crate::testing::{BroadcastCapture, RecordingBroadcastChannel};

    async fn message_tool_with_recording_channels()
    -> (MessageTool, BroadcastCapture, BroadcastCapture) {
        let channel_manager = ChannelManager::new();
-        let (gateway, gateway_captures) = RecordingChannel::new("gateway");
-        let (telegram, telegram_captures) = RecordingChannel::new("telegram");
+        let (gateway, gateway_captures) = RecordingBroadcastChannel::new("gateway");
+        let (telegram, telegram_captures) = RecordingBroadcastChannel::new("telegram");
        channel_manager.add(Box::new(gateway)).await;
        channel_manager.add(Box::new(telegram)).await;

@@ -870,28 +820,63 @@ mod tests {
    }

    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn message_tool_falls_back_to_ctx_user_when_channel_known() {
-        // Regression for owner-scoped notifications: a channel can be known
-        // even when the concrete delivery target is omitted, so the message
-        // tool should pass ctx.user_id through to the channel layer.
-        let tool = MessageTool::new(Arc::new(ChannelManager::new()));
+    async fn message_tool_falls_back_to_owner_scope_when_channel_known() {
+        let (tool, gateway_captures, telegram_captures) =
+            message_tool_with_recording_channels().await;

        let mut ctx =
-            crate::context::JobContext::with_user("owner-scope", "routine-job", "price alert");
+            crate::context::JobContext::with_user("telegram", "routine-job", "price alert");
+        ctx.metadata = serde_json::json!({
+            "notify_channel": "telegram",
+            "owner_id": "owner-scope",
+        });
+
+        let result = tool
+            .execute(serde_json::json!({"content": "NEAR price is $5"}), &ctx)
+            .await
+            .expect("message tool should use owner scope before ctx.user_id");
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            result.result.as_str(),
+            Some("Sent message to telegram:owner-scope")
+        );
+        assert!(gateway_captures.lock().await.is_empty());
+        let telegram = telegram_captures.lock().await.clone();
+        assert_eq!(telegram.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(telegram[0].0, "owner-scope");
+        assert_eq!(telegram[0].1.content, "NEAR price is $5");
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn message_tool_falls_back_to_ctx_user_when_owner_scope_absent() {
+        let (tool, gateway_captures, telegram_captures) =
+            message_tool_with_recording_channels().await;
+
+        let mut ctx = crate::context::JobContext::with_user(
+            "interactive-chat-user",
+            "routine-job",
+            "price alert",
+        );
        ctx.metadata = serde_json::json!({
            "notify_channel": "telegram",
        });

        let result = tool
            .execute(serde_json::json!({"content": "NEAR price is $5"}), &ctx)
-            .await;
+            .await
+            .expect(
+                "message tool should fall back to ctx.user_id when owner scope metadata is absent",
+            );

-        assert!(result.is_err()); // safety: test-only assertion
-        let err = result.unwrap_err().to_string();
-        let mentions_missing_target = err.contains("No target specified");
-        assert!(!mentions_missing_target); // safety: test-only assertion
-        let mentions_missing_channel = err.contains("No channel specified");
-        assert!(!mentions_missing_channel); // safety: test-only assertion
+        assert_eq!(
+            result.result.as_str(),
+            Some("Sent message to telegram:interactive-chat-user")
+        );
+        assert!(gateway_captures.lock().await.is_empty());
+        let telegram = telegram_captures.lock().await.clone();
+        assert_eq!(telegram.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(telegram[0].0, "interactive-chat-user");
+        assert_eq!(telegram[0].1.content, "NEAR price is $5");
    }

    #[tokio::test]
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ pub async fn execute_tool_with_safety(
    tools: &ToolRegistry,
    safety: &SafetyLayer,
    tool_name: &str,
-    params: &serde_json::Value,
+    params: serde_json::Value,
    job_ctx: &JobContext,
 ) -> Result<String, Error> {
    if tool_name.is_empty() {
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ pub async fn execute_tool_with_safety(
            name: tool_name.to_string(),
        })?;

-    let normalized_params = prepare_tool_params(tool.as_ref(), params);
+    let normalized_params = prepare_tool_params(tool.as_ref(), &params);

    // Validate tool parameters
    let validation = safety.validator().validate_tool_params(&normalized_params);
@@ -63,10 +63,7 @@ pub async fn execute_tool_with_safety(
    // Execute with per-tool timeout
    let timeout = tool.execution_timeout();
    let start = std::time::Instant::now();
-    let result = tokio::time::timeout(timeout, async {
-        tool.execute(normalized_params.clone(), job_ctx).await
-    })
-    .await;
+    let result = tokio::time::timeout(timeout, tool.execute(normalized_params, job_ctx)).await;
    let elapsed = start.elapsed();

    match &result {
@@ -149,7 +146,7 @@ pub async fn execute_tool_simple(
    tools: &ToolRegistry,
    safety: &SafetyLayer,
    tool_name: &str,
-    params: &serde_json::Value,
+    params: serde_json::Value,
    job_ctx: &JobContext,
 ) -> Result<String, String> {
    execute_tool_with_safety(tools, safety, tool_name, params, job_ctx)
@@ -308,7 +305,7 @@ mod tests {
            &registry,
            &safety,
            "",
-            &serde_json::json!({}),
+            serde_json::json!({}),
            &test_job_ctx(),
        )
        .await;
@@ -331,7 +328,7 @@ mod tests {
        let params = serde_json::json!({"message": "hello"});

        let result =
-            execute_tool_with_safety(&registry, &safety, "echo", &params, &test_job_ctx()).await;
+            execute_tool_with_safety(&registry, &safety, "echo", params, &test_job_ctx()).await;

        assert!(result.is_ok(), "Echo tool should succeed");
        let output = result.unwrap();
@@ -350,7 +347,7 @@ mod tests {
            &registry,
            &safety,
            "nonexistent",
-            &serde_json::json!({}),
+            serde_json::json!({}),
            &test_job_ctx(),
        )
        .await;
@@ -373,7 +370,7 @@ mod tests {
            &registry,
            &safety,
            "fail_tool",
-            &serde_json::json!({}),
+            serde_json::json!({}),
            &test_job_ctx(),
        )
        .await;
@@ -397,7 +394,7 @@ mod tests {
            &registry,
            &safety,
            "slow_tool",
-            &serde_json::json!({}),
+            serde_json::json!({}),
            &test_job_ctx(),
        )
        .await;
@@ -425,7 +422,7 @@ mod tests {
            &registry,
            &safety,
            "array_echo",
-            &serde_json::json!({"values": "[\"1\", \"2\", 3]"}),
+            serde_json::json!({"values": "[\"1\", \"2\", 3]"}),
            &test_job_ctx(),
        )
        .await
@@ -130,6 +130,16 @@ impl McpTransport for HttpMcpTransport {
            )));
        }

+        // MCP notifications commonly acknowledge with 202 Accepted and no body.
+        if response.status() == reqwest::StatusCode::ACCEPTED {
+            return Ok(McpResponse {
+                jsonrpc: "2.0".to_string(),
+                id: request.id,
+                result: None,
+                error: None,
+            });
+        }
+
        // Determine response format from Content-Type.
        let content_type = response
            .headers()
@@ -506,4 +516,55 @@ mod tests {
        let echoed = response.result.unwrap();
        assert_eq!(echoed["authorization"], "Bearer custom-token");
    }
+
+    async fn spawn_accepted_server() -> (String, tokio::task::JoinHandle<()>) {
+        use axum::{Router, routing::post};
+        use tokio::net::TcpListener;
+
+        async fn accepted() -> axum::http::StatusCode {
+            axum::http::StatusCode::ACCEPTED
+        }
+
+        let app = Router::new().route("/", post(accepted));
+        let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:0")
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to bind to an ephemeral port");
+        let addr = listener
+            .local_addr()
+            .expect("Failed to get listener's local address");
+        let url = format!("http://127.0.0.1:{}", addr.port());
+
+        let handle = tokio::spawn(async move {
+            axum::serve(listener, app)
+                .await
+                .expect("Test server failed to run");
+        });
+
+        (url, handle)
+    }
+
+    fn notification_request(method: &str) -> McpRequest {
+        McpRequest {
+            jsonrpc: "2.0".to_string(),
+            id: None,
+            method: method.to_string(),
+            params: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_accepted_notification_returns_empty_response() {
+        let (url, _handle) = spawn_accepted_server().await;
+        let transport = HttpMcpTransport::new(&url, "accepted-test");
+        let request = notification_request("notifications/initialized");
+
+        let response = transport
+            .send(&request, &HashMap::new())
+            .await
+            .expect("202 notification response");
+        assert_eq!(response.jsonrpc, "2.0");
+        assert_eq!(response.id, request.id);
+        assert!(response.result.is_none());
+        assert!(response.error.is_none());
+    }
 }
@@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ impl ToolRegistry {
        self.register(Arc::new(BuildSoftwareTool::new(Arc::clone(&builder))))
            .await;

-        tracing::info!("Registered software builder tool");
+        tracing::debug!("Registered software builder tool");
        builder
    }

@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ impl WasmToolLoader {
            })
            .await?;

-        tracing::info!(
+        tracing::debug!(
            name = name,
            wasm_path = %wasm_path.display(),
            "Loaded WASM tool from file"
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ impl WasmToolLoader {
        }

        if !results.loaded.is_empty() {
-            tracing::info!(
+            tracing::debug!(
                count = results.loaded.len(),
                tools = ?results.loaded,
                "Loaded WASM tools from directory"
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ impl WasmToolRuntime {
                .insert(prepared.name.clone(), Arc::clone(&prepared));
        }

-        tracing::info!(
+        tracing::debug!(
            name = %prepared.name,
            "Prepared WASM tool for execution"
        );
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ pub async fn start_managed_tunnel(
    mut config: crate::config::Config,
 ) -> (crate::config::Config, Option<Box<dyn Tunnel>>) {
    if config.tunnel.public_url.is_some() {
-        tracing::info!(
+        tracing::debug!(
            "Static tunnel URL in use: {}",
            config.tunnel.public_url.as_deref().unwrap_or("?")
        );
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ pub async fn start_managed_tunnel(

    match create_tunnel(provider_config) {
        Ok(Some(tunnel)) => {
-            tracing::info!(
+            tracing::debug!(
                "Starting {} tunnel on {}:{}...",
                tunnel.name(),
                gateway_host,
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ pub async fn start_managed_tunnel(
            );
            match tunnel.start(gateway_host, gateway_port).await {
                Ok(url) => {
-                    tracing::info!("Tunnel started: {}", url);
+                    tracing::debug!("Tunnel started: {}", url);
                    config.tunnel.public_url = Some(url);
                    (config, Some(tunnel))
                }
@@ -462,9 +462,14 @@ impl LoopDelegate for ContainerDelegate {
                ..Default::default()
            };

-            let result =
-                execute_tool_simple(&self.tools, &self.safety, &tc.name, &tc.arguments, &job_ctx)
-                    .await;
+            let result = execute_tool_simple(
+                &self.tools,
+                &self.safety,
+                &tc.name,
+                tc.arguments.clone(),
+                &job_ctx,
+            )
+            .await;

            self.post_event(
                "tool_result",
@@ -472,7 +477,7 @@ impl LoopDelegate for ContainerDelegate {
                    "tool_name": tc.name,
                    "output": match &result {
                        Ok(output) => truncate_for_preview(output, 2000),
-                        Err(e) => format!("Error: {}", truncate_for_preview(e, 500)),
+                        Err(e) => format!("Error: {}", truncate_for_preview(e, 500)).into(),
                    },
                    "success": result.is_ok(),
                }),
@@ -800,12 +800,16 @@ Report when the job is complete or if you encounter issues you cannot resolve."#
                    });
                }

+                let error_preview = {
+                    let msg = format!("Error: {}", e);
+                    truncate_for_preview(&msg, 500).into_owned()
+                };
                self.log_event(
                    "tool_result",
                    serde_json::json!({
                        "tool_name": selection.tool_name,
                        "success": false,
-                        "output": truncate_for_preview(&format!("Error: {}", e), 500),
+                        "output": error_preview,
                    }),
                );

@@ -1434,6 +1438,9 @@ impl From<TaskOutput> for Result<String, Error> {

 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    use std::sync::Arc;
+
+    use crate::channels::ChannelManager;
    use crate::llm::ToolSelection;

    use super::*;
@@ -1444,6 +1451,8 @@ mod tests {
        ToolCompletionResponse,
    };
    use crate::safety::SafetyLayer;
+    use crate::testing::{BroadcastCapture, RecordingBroadcastChannel};
+    use crate::tools::builtin::MessageTool;
    use crate::tools::{Tool, ToolError as ToolExecError, ToolOutput};

    /// A test tool that sleeps for a configurable duration before returning.
@@ -1535,6 +1544,20 @@ mod tests {
        Worker::new(job_id, deps)
    }

+    async fn make_worker_with_message_tool()
+    -> (Worker, Arc<MessageTool>, BroadcastCapture, BroadcastCapture) {
+        let channel_manager = ChannelManager::new();
+        let (gateway, gateway_captures) = RecordingBroadcastChannel::new("gateway");
+        let (telegram, telegram_captures) = RecordingBroadcastChannel::new("telegram");
+        channel_manager.add(Box::new(gateway)).await;
+        channel_manager.add(Box::new(telegram)).await;
+
+        let message_tool = Arc::new(MessageTool::new(Arc::new(channel_manager)));
+        let worker = make_worker(vec![message_tool.clone()]).await;
+
+        (worker, message_tool, gateway_captures, telegram_captures)
+    }
+
    #[test]
    fn test_tool_selection_preserves_call_id() {
        let selection = ToolSelection {
@@ -2143,4 +2166,50 @@ mod tests {

        assert_eq!(ctx.metadata, original); // safety: test
    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn autonomous_message_tool_ignores_stale_gateway_context_when_routine_metadata_targets_telegram()
+     {
+        let (worker, message_tool, gateway_captures, telegram_captures) =
+            make_worker_with_message_tool().await;
+
+        message_tool
+            .set_context(
+                Some("gateway".to_string()),
+                Some("stale-gateway-target".to_string()),
+            )
+            .await;
+
+        worker
+            .context_manager()
+            .update_context(worker.job_id, |ctx| {
+                ctx.user_id = "telegram".to_string();
+                ctx.metadata = serde_json::json!({
+                    "notify_channel": "telegram",
+                    "owner_id": "owner-scope",
+                });
+                Ok::<(), String>(())
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap() // safety: test
+            .unwrap(); // safety: test
+
+        let result = worker
+            .execute_tool(
+                "message",
+                &serde_json::json!({"content": "hello from routine"}),
+            )
+            .await
+            .unwrap(); // safety: test
+        assert!(
+            result.contains("telegram:owner-scope"),
+            "expected telegram owner-scope routing, got: {result}"
+        );
+
+        assert!(gateway_captures.lock().await.is_empty());
+        let telegram = telegram_captures.lock().await.clone();
+        assert_eq!(telegram.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(telegram[0].0, "owner-scope");
+        assert_eq!(telegram[0].1.content, "hello from routine");
+    }
 }
@@ -91,6 +91,27 @@ Default k=60. Results from both methods are combined, with documents appearing i
 - **PostgreSQL:** `ts_rank_cd` for FTS, pgvector cosine distance for vectors, full RRF
 - **libSQL:** FTS5 for keyword search + vector search via `libsql_vector_idx` (dimension set dynamically by `ensure_vector_index()` during startup)

+## Multi-Scope Reads & Identity Isolation
+
+When a workspace has additional read scopes (via `with_additional_read_scopes`), read operations can span multiple user scopes — a user with scopes `["alice", "shared"]` can read documents from both.
+
+**Identity files are exempt from multi-scope reads.** The system prompt reads identity and configuration files from the **primary scope only** (`read_primary()`), never from secondary scopes:
+
+| File | Read method | Rationale |
+|------|------------|-----------|
+| AGENTS.md | `read_primary()` | Agent instructions are per-user |
+| SOUL.md | `read_primary()` | Core values are per-user |
+| USER.md | `read_primary()` | User context is per-user |
+| IDENTITY.md | `read_primary()` | Identity is per-user |
+| TOOLS.md | `read_primary()` | Tool config is per-user |
+| BOOTSTRAP.md | `read_primary()` | Onboarding is per-user |
+| MEMORY.md | `read()` | Shared memory is a feature |
+| daily/*.md | `read()` | Shared daily logs are a feature |
+
+**Why:** Without this, a user with read access to another scope could silently inherit that scope's identity if their own copy is missing. The agent would present itself as the wrong user — a correctness and security issue.
+
+**Design rule:** If you want shared identity across users, seed the same content into each user's scope at setup time. Don't rely on multi-scope fallback for identity files.
+
 ## Heartbeat System

 Proactive periodic execution (default: 30 minutes):
@@ -37,6 +37,25 @@ pub mod paths {
    pub const ASSISTANT_DIRECTIVES: &str = "context/assistant-directives.md";
 }

+/// Paths treated as identity documents for multi-scope isolation.
+///
+/// These files are always read from the primary scope only — never from
+/// secondary read scopes. This prevents silent identity inheritance
+/// (e.g., user A accidentally presenting as user B).
+pub const IDENTITY_PATHS: &[&str] = &[
+    paths::IDENTITY,
+    paths::SOUL,
+    paths::AGENTS,
+    paths::USER,
+    paths::TOOLS,
+    paths::BOOTSTRAP,
+];
+
+/// Check if a path is an identity document that must be isolated to primary scope.
+pub fn is_identity_path(path: &str) -> bool {
+    IDENTITY_PATHS.contains(&path)
+}
+
 /// A memory document stored in the database.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct MemoryDocument {
@@ -101,10 +120,7 @@ impl MemoryDocument {

    /// Check if this is a well-known identity document.
    pub fn is_identity_document(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(
-            self.path.as_str(),
-            paths::IDENTITY | paths::SOUL | paths::AGENTS | paths::USER
-        )
+        is_identity_path(&self.path)
    }
 }

@@ -128,6 +144,42 @@ impl WorkspaceEntry {
    }
 }

+/// Merge workspace entries from multiple scopes into a deduplicated, sorted list.
+///
+/// When the same path appears in multiple scopes:
+/// - Keeps the most recent `updated_at`
+/// - If any scope marks it as a directory, the merged entry is a directory
+pub fn merge_workspace_entries(
+    entries: impl IntoIterator<Item = WorkspaceEntry>,
+) -> Vec<WorkspaceEntry> {
+    let mut seen = std::collections::HashMap::new();
+    for entry in entries {
+        seen.entry(entry.path.clone())
+            .and_modify(|existing: &mut WorkspaceEntry| {
+                // Keep the most recent updated_at (and its content_preview)
+                if let (Some(existing_ts), Some(new_ts)) = (&existing.updated_at, &entry.updated_at)
+                {
+                    if new_ts > existing_ts {
+                        existing.updated_at = Some(*new_ts);
+                        existing.content_preview = entry.content_preview.clone();
+                    }
+                } else if existing.updated_at.is_none() {
+                    existing.updated_at = entry.updated_at;
+                    existing.content_preview = entry.content_preview.clone();
+                }
+                // If either is a directory, mark as directory
+                if entry.is_directory {
+                    existing.is_directory = true;
+                    existing.content_preview = None;
+                }
+            })
+            .or_insert(entry);
+    }
+    let mut result: Vec<WorkspaceEntry> = seen.into_values().collect();
+    result.sort_by(|a, b| a.path.cmp(&b.path));
+    result
+}
+
 /// A chunk of a memory document for search indexing.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct MemoryChunk {
@@ -226,4 +278,115 @@ mod tests {
        };
        assert_eq!(entry.name(), "alpha");
    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_merge_workspace_entries_empty() {
+        let result = merge_workspace_entries(vec![]);
+        assert!(result.is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_merge_workspace_entries_keeps_newer_timestamp_and_preview() {
+        use chrono::TimeZone;
+        let old_ts = chrono::Utc.with_ymd_and_hms(2025, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0).unwrap();
+        let new_ts = chrono::Utc.with_ymd_and_hms(2025, 6, 1, 0, 0, 0).unwrap();
+
+        let entries = vec![
+            WorkspaceEntry {
+                path: "notes.md".to_string(),
+                is_directory: false,
+                updated_at: Some(old_ts),
+                content_preview: Some("old".to_string()),
+            },
+            WorkspaceEntry {
+                path: "notes.md".to_string(),
+                is_directory: false,
+                updated_at: Some(new_ts),
+                content_preview: Some("new".to_string()),
+            },
+        ];
+
+        let result = merge_workspace_entries(entries);
+        assert_eq!(result.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(result[0].updated_at, Some(new_ts));
+        assert_eq!(result[0].content_preview, Some("new".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_merge_workspace_entries_directory_wins() {
+        let entries = vec![
+            WorkspaceEntry {
+                path: "projects".to_string(),
+                is_directory: false,
+                updated_at: None,
+                content_preview: Some("file content".to_string()),
+            },
+            WorkspaceEntry {
+                path: "projects".to_string(),
+                is_directory: true,
+                updated_at: None,
+                content_preview: None,
+            },
+        ];
+
+        let result = merge_workspace_entries(entries);
+        assert_eq!(result.len(), 1);
+        assert!(result[0].is_directory);
+        assert!(result[0].content_preview.is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_merge_workspace_entries_fills_missing_timestamp() {
+        use chrono::TimeZone;
+        let ts = chrono::Utc.with_ymd_and_hms(2025, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0).unwrap();
+
+        let entries = vec![
+            WorkspaceEntry {
+                path: "a.md".to_string(),
+                is_directory: false,
+                updated_at: None,
+                content_preview: None,
+            },
+            WorkspaceEntry {
+                path: "a.md".to_string(),
+                is_directory: false,
+                updated_at: Some(ts),
+                content_preview: None,
+            },
+        ];
+
+        let result = merge_workspace_entries(entries);
+        assert_eq!(result.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(result[0].updated_at, Some(ts));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_merge_workspace_entries_sorted_by_path() {
+        let entries = vec![
+            WorkspaceEntry {
+                path: "z.md".to_string(),
+                is_directory: false,
+                updated_at: None,
+                content_preview: None,
+            },
+            WorkspaceEntry {
+                path: "a.md".to_string(),
+                is_directory: false,
+                updated_at: None,
+                content_preview: None,
+            },
+            WorkspaceEntry {
+                path: "m.md".to_string(),
+                is_directory: false,
+                updated_at: None,
+                content_preview: None,
+            },
+        ];
+
+        let result = merge_workspace_entries(entries);
+        assert_eq!(result.len(), 3);
+        assert_eq!(result[0].path, "a.md");
+        assert_eq!(result[1].path, "m.md");
+        assert_eq!(result[2].path, "z.md");
+    }
 }
@@ -52,7 +52,10 @@ mod repository;
 mod search;

 pub use chunker::{ChunkConfig, chunk_document};
-pub use document::{MemoryChunk, MemoryDocument, WorkspaceEntry, paths};
+pub use document::{
+    IDENTITY_PATHS, MemoryChunk, MemoryDocument, WorkspaceEntry, is_identity_path,
+    merge_workspace_entries, paths,
+};
 pub use embedding_cache::{CachedEmbeddingProvider, EmbeddingCacheConfig};
 pub use embeddings::{
    EmbeddingProvider, MockEmbeddings, NearAiEmbeddings, OllamaEmbeddings, OpenAiEmbeddings,
@@ -320,6 +323,48 @@ impl WorkspaceStorage {
            }
        }
    }
+
+    // ==================== Multi-scope read methods ====================
+
+    async fn hybrid_search_multi(
+        &self,
+        user_ids: &[String],
+        agent_id: Option<Uuid>,
+        query: &str,
+        embedding: Option<&[f32]>,
+        config: &SearchConfig,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<SearchResult>, WorkspaceError> {
+        match self {
+            #[cfg(feature = "postgres")]
+            Self::Repo(repo) => {
+                repo.hybrid_search_multi(user_ids, agent_id, query, embedding, config)
+                    .await
+            }
+            Self::Db(db) => {
+                db.hybrid_search_multi(user_ids, agent_id, query, embedding, config)
+                    .await
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn get_document_by_path_multi(
+        &self,
+        user_ids: &[String],
+        agent_id: Option<Uuid>,
+        path: &str,
+    ) -> Result<MemoryDocument, WorkspaceError> {
+        match self {
+            #[cfg(feature = "postgres")]
+            Self::Repo(repo) => {
+                repo.get_document_by_path_multi(user_ids, agent_id, path)
+                    .await
+            }
+            Self::Db(db) => {
+                db.get_document_by_path_multi(user_ids, agent_id, path)
+                    .await
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }

 /// Default template seeded into HEARTBEAT.md on first access.
@@ -340,9 +385,20 @@ const BOOTSTRAP_SEED: &str = include_str!("seeds/BOOTSTRAP.md");
 /// Each workspace is scoped to a user (and optionally an agent).
 /// Documents are persisted to the database and indexed for search.
 /// Supports both PostgreSQL (via Repository) and libSQL (via Database trait).
+///
+/// ## Multi-scope reads
+///
+/// By default, a workspace reads from and writes to a single `user_id`.
+/// With `with_additional_read_scopes`, read operations (search, read, list)
+/// can span multiple user scopes while writes remain isolated to the primary
+/// `user_id`. This enables cross-tenant read access (e.g., a user reading
+/// from both their own workspace and a "shared" workspace).
 pub struct Workspace {
-    /// User identifier (from channel).
+    /// User identifier (from channel). All writes go to this scope.
    user_id: String,
+    /// User identifiers for read operations. Includes `user_id` as the first
+    /// element, plus any additional scopes added via `with_additional_read_scopes`.
+    read_user_ids: Vec<String>,
    /// Optional agent ID for multi-agent isolation.
    agent_id: Option<Uuid>,
    /// Database storage backend.
@@ -371,6 +427,7 @@ impl Workspace {
        let user_id_str = user_id.into();
        let memory_layers = crate::workspace::layer::MemoryLayer::default_for_user(&user_id_str);
        Self {
+            read_user_ids: vec![user_id_str.clone()],
            user_id: user_id_str,
            agent_id: None,
            storage: WorkspaceStorage::Repo(Repository::new(pool)),
@@ -390,6 +447,7 @@ impl Workspace {
        let user_id_str = user_id.into();
        let memory_layers = crate::workspace::layer::MemoryLayer::default_for_user(&user_id_str);
        Self {
+            read_user_ids: vec![user_id_str.clone()],
            user_id: user_id_str,
            agent_id: None,
            storage: WorkspaceStorage::Db(db),
@@ -474,6 +532,12 @@ impl Workspace {
    ///
    /// Also updates read_user_ids to include all layer scopes.
    pub fn with_memory_layers(mut self, layers: Vec<crate::workspace::layer::MemoryLayer>) -> Self {
+        // Add layer scopes to read_user_ids (same dedup logic as with_additional_read_scopes)
+        for layer in &layers {
+            if !self.read_user_ids.contains(&layer.scope) {
+                self.read_user_ids.push(layer.scope.clone());
+            }
+        }
        self.memory_layers = layers;
        self
    }
@@ -496,11 +560,37 @@ impl Workspace {
        &self.memory_layers
    }

-    /// Get the user ID.
+    /// Add additional user scopes for read operations.
+    ///
+    /// The primary `user_id` is always included. Additional scopes allow
+    /// read operations (search, read, list) to span multiple tenants while
+    /// writes remain isolated to the primary scope.
+    ///
+    /// Duplicate scopes are ignored.
+    pub fn with_additional_read_scopes(mut self, scopes: Vec<String>) -> Self {
+        for scope in scopes {
+            if !self.read_user_ids.contains(&scope) {
+                self.read_user_ids.push(scope);
+            }
+        }
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Get the user ID (primary scope for writes).
    pub fn user_id(&self) -> &str {
        &self.user_id
    }

+    /// Get the user IDs used for read operations.
+    pub fn read_user_ids(&self) -> &[String] {
+        &self.read_user_ids
+    }
+
+    /// Whether this workspace has multiple read scopes.
+    fn is_multi_scope(&self) -> bool {
+        self.read_user_ids.len() > 1
+    }
+
    /// Get the agent ID.
    pub fn agent_id(&self) -> Option<Uuid> {
        self.agent_id
@@ -518,6 +608,33 @@ impl Workspace {
    /// println!("{}", doc.content);
    /// ```
    pub async fn read(&self, path: &str) -> Result<MemoryDocument, WorkspaceError> {
+        let path = normalize_path(path);
+        if self.is_multi_scope() && is_identity_path(&path) {
+            // Identity files must only come from the primary scope.
+            self.storage
+                .get_document_by_path(&self.user_id, self.agent_id, &path)
+                .await
+        } else if self.is_multi_scope() {
+            self.storage
+                .get_document_by_path_multi(&self.read_user_ids, self.agent_id, &path)
+                .await
+        } else {
+            self.storage
+                .get_document_by_path(&self.user_id, self.agent_id, &path)
+                .await
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Read a file from the **primary scope only**, ignoring additional read scopes.
+    ///
+    /// Use this for identity and configuration files (AGENTS.md, SOUL.md, USER.md,
+    /// IDENTITY.md, TOOLS.md, BOOTSTRAP.md) where inheriting content from another
+    /// scope would be a correctness/security issue — the agent must never silently
+    /// present itself as the wrong user.
+    ///
+    /// For memory files that should span scopes (MEMORY.md, daily logs), use
+    /// [`read`] instead.
+    pub async fn read_primary(&self, path: &str) -> Result<MemoryDocument, WorkspaceError> {
        let path = normalize_path(path);
        self.storage
            .get_document_by_path(&self.user_id, self.agent_id, &path)
@@ -556,8 +673,15 @@ impl Workspace {
    /// Uses a single `\n` separator (suitable for log-style entries).
    /// For semantic separation (e.g., memory entries), use `append_memory()`
    /// which uses `\n\n`.
+    ///
+    /// Uses a read-modify-write pattern that is not concurrency-safe:
+    /// concurrent appends to the same path may lose writes.
    pub async fn append(&self, path: &str, content: &str) -> Result<(), WorkspaceError> {
        let path = normalize_path(path);
+        // Scan system-prompt-injected files for prompt injection.
+        if is_system_prompt_file(&path) && !content.is_empty() {
+            reject_if_injected(&path, content)?;
+        }
        let doc = self
            .storage
            .get_or_create_document_by_path(&self.user_id, self.agent_id, &path)
@@ -672,6 +796,20 @@ impl Workspace {
    }

    /// Write to a layer, with append semantics.
+    ///
+    /// Note: privacy classification only examines the new `content`, not the
+    /// full document after concatenation. See [`PatternPrivacyClassifier`]
+    /// limitations for details.
+    ///
+    /// When a privacy redirect occurs, the append targets a **separate
+    /// document** in the private scope at the same path — the shared-scope
+    /// document is left unmodified. Subsequent multi-scope reads will return
+    /// the private copy (primary scope wins), effectively shadowing the
+    /// shared document at that path. The `WriteResult::redirected` flag
+    /// indicates when this has happened.
+    ///
+    /// Uses a read-modify-write pattern that is not concurrency-safe:
+    /// concurrent appends to the same path may lose writes.
    pub async fn append_to_layer(
        &self,
        layer_name: &str,
@@ -702,13 +840,25 @@ impl Workspace {
    }

    /// Check if a file exists.
+    ///
+    /// When multi-scope reads are configured, checks across all read scopes.
    pub async fn exists(&self, path: &str) -> Result<bool, WorkspaceError> {
        let path = normalize_path(path);
-        match self
-            .storage
-            .get_document_by_path(&self.user_id, self.agent_id, &path)
-            .await
-        {
+        let result = if self.is_multi_scope() && is_identity_path(&path) {
+            // Identity files only checked in primary scope.
+            self.storage
+                .get_document_by_path(&self.user_id, self.agent_id, &path)
+                .await
+        } else if self.is_multi_scope() {
+            self.storage
+                .get_document_by_path_multi(&self.read_user_ids, self.agent_id, &path)
+                .await
+        } else {
+            self.storage
+                .get_document_by_path(&self.user_id, self.agent_id, &path)
+                .await
+        };
+        match result {
            Ok(_) => Ok(true),
            Err(WorkspaceError::DocumentNotFound { .. }) => Ok(false),
            Err(e) => Err(e),
@@ -743,16 +893,55 @@ impl Workspace {
    /// ```
    pub async fn list(&self, directory: &str) -> Result<Vec<WorkspaceEntry>, WorkspaceError> {
        let directory = normalize_directory(directory);
-        self.storage
-            .list_directory(&self.user_id, self.agent_id, &directory)
-            .await
+        if self.is_multi_scope() {
+            // Iterate per-scope rather than using list_directory_multi because
+            // we need to filter identity paths from secondary scopes only — the
+            // merged _multi result loses scope attribution.
+            let primary = self
+                .storage
+                .list_directory(&self.user_id, self.agent_id, &directory)
+                .await?;
+            let mut all_entries = primary;
+            for scope in &self.read_user_ids[1..] {
+                let entries = self
+                    .storage
+                    .list_directory(scope, self.agent_id, &directory)
+                    .await?;
+                all_entries.extend(entries.into_iter().filter(|e| !is_identity_path(&e.path)));
+            }
+            Ok(merge_workspace_entries(all_entries))
+        } else {
+            self.storage
+                .list_directory(&self.user_id, self.agent_id, &directory)
+                .await
+        }
    }

    /// List all files recursively (flat list of all paths).
+    ///
+    /// When multi-scope reads are configured, lists across all read scopes.
    pub async fn list_all(&self) -> Result<Vec<String>, WorkspaceError> {
-        self.storage
-            .list_all_paths(&self.user_id, self.agent_id)
-            .await
+        if self.is_multi_scope() {
+            // Iterate per-scope rather than using list_all_paths_multi because
+            // we need to filter identity paths from secondary scopes only.
+            // Primary scope: all paths. Secondary scopes: filter identity paths.
+            let mut all_paths = self
+                .storage
+                .list_all_paths(&self.user_id, self.agent_id)
+                .await?;
+            for scope in &self.read_user_ids[1..] {
+                let paths = self.storage.list_all_paths(scope, self.agent_id).await?;
+                all_paths.extend(paths.into_iter().filter(|p| !is_identity_path(p)));
+            }
+            // Deduplicate and sort
+            all_paths.sort();
+            all_paths.dedup();
+            Ok(all_paths)
+        } else {
+            self.storage
+                .list_all_paths(&self.user_id, self.agent_id)
+                .await
+        }
    }

    // ==================== Convenience Methods ====================
@@ -787,7 +976,7 @@ impl Workspace {
    /// comments, which the heartbeat runner treats as "effectively empty"
    /// and skips the LLM call.
    pub async fn heartbeat_checklist(&self) -> Result<Option<String>, WorkspaceError> {
-        match self.read(paths::HEARTBEAT).await {
+        match self.read_primary(paths::HEARTBEAT).await {
            Ok(doc) => Ok(Some(doc.content)),
            Err(WorkspaceError::DocumentNotFound { .. }) => Ok(Some(HEARTBEAT_SEED.to_string())),
            Err(e) => Err(e),
@@ -795,7 +984,29 @@ impl Workspace {
    }

    /// Helper to read or create a file.
+    ///
+    /// When multi-scope reads are configured, checks all read scopes before
+    /// creating. If the file exists in any scope, returns it. If not found in
+    /// any scope, creates it in the primary (write) scope.
+    ///
+    /// **Important:** In multi-scope mode, the returned document may belong to
+    /// a secondary scope. Callers that intend to **write** to the document
+    /// (via `update_document(doc.id, ...)`) must NOT use this method — use
+    /// `storage.get_or_create_document_by_path(&self.user_id, ...)` instead
+    /// to guarantee writes target the primary scope. See `append_memory` for
+    /// the correct pattern.
    async fn read_or_create(&self, path: &str) -> Result<MemoryDocument, WorkspaceError> {
+        if self.is_multi_scope() {
+            match self
+                .storage
+                .get_document_by_path_multi(&self.read_user_ids, self.agent_id, path)
+                .await
+            {
+                Ok(doc) => return Ok(doc),
+                Err(WorkspaceError::DocumentNotFound { .. }) => {}
+                Err(e) => return Err(e),
+            }
+        }
        self.storage
            .get_or_create_document_by_path(&self.user_id, self.agent_id, path)
            .await
@@ -807,9 +1018,18 @@ impl Workspace {
    ///
    /// This is for important facts, decisions, and preferences worth
    /// remembering long-term.
+    ///
+    /// Uses `get_or_create_document_by_path` with the primary `user_id`
+    /// instead of `self.memory()` to guarantee writes always target the
+    /// primary (write) scope.  `self.memory()` delegates to `read_or_create`,
+    /// which in multi-scope mode may return a document owned by a secondary
+    /// scope; writing to that document by UUID would violate write isolation.
    pub async fn append_memory(&self, entry: &str) -> Result<(), WorkspaceError> {
-        // Use double newline for memory entries (semantic separation)
-        let doc = self.memory().await?;
+        // Always get/create in the primary scope to preserve write isolation.
+        let doc = self
+            .storage
+            .get_or_create_document_by_path(&self.user_id, self.agent_id, paths::MEMORY)
+            .await?;
        let new_content = if doc.content.is_empty() {
            entry.to_string()
        } else {
@@ -901,9 +1121,16 @@ impl Workspace {
        // Safety net: if `profile_onboarding_completed` was already set (the
        // LLM completed onboarding but forgot to delete BOOTSTRAP.md), skip
        // injection to avoid repeating the first-run ritual.
+        //
+        // Identity and config files use read_primary() to prevent cross-scope
+        // bleed in multi-scope workspaces. Without this, a user with read access
+        // to other scopes could silently inherit another user's identity if their
+        // own copy is missing — the agent would present as the wrong person.
+        // Memory files (MEMORY.md, daily logs) intentionally use multi-scope
+        // read() since sharing memory across scopes is a feature.
        let bootstrap_injected = if self.is_bootstrap_completed() {
            if self
-                .read(paths::BOOTSTRAP)
+                .read_primary(paths::BOOTSTRAP)
                .await
                .is_ok_and(|d| !d.content.is_empty())
            {
@@ -913,7 +1140,7 @@ impl Workspace {
                );
            }
            false
-        } else if let Ok(doc) = self.read(paths::BOOTSTRAP).await
+        } else if let Ok(doc) = self.read_primary(paths::BOOTSTRAP).await
            && !doc.content.is_empty()
        {
            parts.push(format!("## First-Run Bootstrap\n\n{}", doc.content));
@@ -922,7 +1149,8 @@ impl Workspace {
            false
        };

-        // Load identity files in order of importance
+        // Load identity files in order of importance.
+        // These MUST use read_primary() — see comment above.
        let identity_files = [
            (paths::AGENTS, "## Agent Instructions"),
            (paths::SOUL, "## Core Values"),
@@ -931,7 +1159,7 @@ impl Workspace {
        ];

        for (path, header) in identity_files {
-            if let Ok(doc) = self.read(path).await
+            if let Ok(doc) = self.read_primary(path).await
                && !doc.content.is_empty()
            {
                parts.push(format!("{}\n\n{}", header, doc.content));
@@ -940,7 +1168,8 @@ impl Workspace {

        // Tool notes: environment-specific guidance the agent or user has written.
        // TOOLS.md does not control tool availability; it is guidance only.
-        if let Ok(doc) = self.read(paths::TOOLS).await
+        // Uses read_primary() — tool config is per-user, not inherited.
+        if let Ok(doc) = self.read_primary(paths::TOOLS).await
            && !doc.content.is_empty()
        {
            parts.push(format!("## Tool Notes\n\n{}", doc.content));
@@ -1231,6 +1460,8 @@ impl Workspace {
    }

    /// Search with custom configuration.
+    ///
+    /// When multi-scope reads are configured, searches across all read scopes.
    pub async fn search_with_config(
        &self,
        query: &str,
@@ -1250,15 +1481,46 @@ impl Workspace {
            None
        };

-        self.storage
-            .hybrid_search(
-                &self.user_id,
-                self.agent_id,
-                query,
-                embedding.as_deref(),
-                &config,
-            )
-            .await
+        if self.is_multi_scope() {
+            let results = self
+                .storage
+                .hybrid_search_multi(
+                    &self.read_user_ids,
+                    self.agent_id,
+                    query,
+                    embedding.as_deref(),
+                    &config,
+                )
+                .await?;
+            // Post-filter: exclude identity documents from secondary scopes.
+            // Collect document IDs that are identity paths in secondary scopes.
+            let mut excluded_doc_ids = std::collections::HashSet::new();
+            for result in &results {
+                if is_identity_path(&result.document_path) {
+                    // Check if this document belongs to a secondary scope
+                    match self.storage.get_document_by_id(result.document_id).await {
+                        Ok(doc) if doc.user_id != self.user_id => {
+                            excluded_doc_ids.insert(result.document_id);
+                        }
+                        _ => {}
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Ok(results
+                .into_iter()
+                .filter(|r| !excluded_doc_ids.contains(&r.document_id))
+                .collect())
+        } else {
+            self.storage
+                .hybrid_search(
+                    &self.user_id,
+                    self.agent_id,
+                    query,
+                    embedding.as_deref(),
+                    &config,
+                )
+                .await
+        }
    }

    // ==================== Indexing ====================
@@ -1319,13 +1581,13 @@ impl Workspace {
        // Check freshness BEFORE seeding identity files, otherwise the
        // seeded files make the workspace look non-fresh and BOOTSTRAP.md
        // never gets created.
-        let is_fresh_workspace = if self.read(paths::BOOTSTRAP).await.is_ok() {
+        let is_fresh_workspace = if self.read_primary(paths::BOOTSTRAP).await.is_ok() {
            false // BOOTSTRAP already exists
        } else {
            let (agents_res, soul_res, user_res) = tokio::join!(
-                self.read(paths::AGENTS),
-                self.read(paths::SOUL),
-                self.read(paths::USER),
+                self.read_primary(paths::AGENTS),
+                self.read_primary(paths::SOUL),
+                self.read_primary(paths::USER),
            );
            matches!(agents_res, Err(WorkspaceError::DocumentNotFound { .. }))
                && matches!(soul_res, Err(WorkspaceError::DocumentNotFound { .. }))
@@ -1334,8 +1596,10 @@ impl Workspace {

        let mut count = 0;
        for (path, content) in seed_files {
-            // Skip files that already exist (never overwrite user edits)
-            match self.read(path).await {
+            // Skip files that already exist in the primary scope (never overwrite user edits).
+            // Uses read_primary to avoid false positives from secondary scopes —
+            // a file in another scope should not suppress seeding in this scope.
+            match self.read_primary(path).await {
                Ok(_) => continue,
                Err(WorkspaceError::DocumentNotFound { .. }) => {}
                Err(e) => {
@@ -1356,7 +1620,8 @@ impl Workspace {
        // may already have a profile from a previous install and doesn't need
        // onboarding). This prevents existing users from getting a spurious
        // first-run ritual after upgrading.
-        let has_profile = self.read(paths::PROFILE).await.is_ok_and(|d| {
+        // Uses read_primary() to avoid false positives from secondary scopes.
+        let has_profile = self.read_primary(paths::PROFILE).await.is_ok_and(|d| {
            !d.content.trim().is_empty()
                && serde_json::from_str::<crate::profile::PsychographicProfile>(&d.content).is_ok()
        });
@@ -1787,4 +2052,67 @@ mod seed_tests {
            "BOOTSTRAP.md should NOT have been seeded with existing profile"
        );
    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_default_single_scope() {
+        // Verify backward compatibility: default workspace has single read scope
+        // matching user_id.
+        let user_id = "alice";
+        let read_user_ids = [user_id.to_string()];
+        assert_eq!(read_user_ids.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(read_user_ids[0], user_id);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_additional_read_scopes() {
+        // Verify that additional read scopes are added correctly.
+        let user_id = "alice".to_string();
+        let mut read_user_ids = Vec::from([user_id.clone()]);
+
+        // Simulate with_additional_read_scopes logic
+        let scopes = ["shared", "team"];
+        for scope in scopes {
+            let s = scope.to_string();
+            if !read_user_ids.contains(&s) {
+                read_user_ids.push(s);
+            }
+        }
+
+        assert_eq!(read_user_ids.len(), 3);
+        assert_eq!(read_user_ids[0], "alice");
+        assert_eq!(read_user_ids[1], "shared");
+        assert_eq!(read_user_ids[2], "team");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_additional_read_scopes_dedup() {
+        // Verify that duplicate scopes are ignored.
+        let user_id = "alice".to_string();
+        let mut read_user_ids = Vec::from([user_id.clone()]);
+
+        let scopes = ["shared", "alice", "shared"];
+        for scope in scopes {
+            let s = scope.to_string();
+            if !read_user_ids.contains(&s) {
+                read_user_ids.push(s);
+            }
+        }
+
+        assert_eq!(read_user_ids.len(), 2);
+        assert_eq!(read_user_ids[0], "alice");
+        assert_eq!(read_user_ids[1], "shared");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_is_multi_scope_logic() {
+        // Test the multi-scope detection logic: > 1 means multi-scope
+        let single_count = 1_usize;
+        let multi_count = 2_usize;
+
+        // Single scope: not multi
+        assert!(single_count <= 1);
+
+        // Multi scope: is multi
+        assert!(multi_count > 1);
+    }
 }
@@ -502,4 +502,203 @@ impl Repository {
            })
            .collect())
    }
+
+    // ==================== Multi-scope search (optimized SQL) ====================
+
+    /// Hybrid search across multiple user scopes with efficient SQL.
+    ///
+    /// Uses `user_id = ANY($1::text[])` instead of N separate queries.
+    pub async fn hybrid_search_multi(
+        &self,
+        user_ids: &[String],
+        agent_id: Option<Uuid>,
+        query: &str,
+        embedding: Option<&[f32]>,
+        config: &SearchConfig,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<SearchResult>, WorkspaceError> {
+        let fts_results = if config.use_fts {
+            self.fts_search_multi(user_ids, agent_id, query, config.pre_fusion_limit)
+                .await?
+        } else {
+            Vec::new()
+        };
+
+        let vector_results = if config.use_vector {
+            if let Some(embedding) = embedding {
+                self.vector_search_multi(user_ids, agent_id, embedding, config.pre_fusion_limit)
+                    .await?
+            } else {
+                Vec::new()
+            }
+        } else {
+            Vec::new()
+        };
+
+        Ok(fuse_results(fts_results, vector_results, config))
+    }
+
+    /// FTS search across multiple user scopes.
+    async fn fts_search_multi(
+        &self,
+        user_ids: &[String],
+        agent_id: Option<Uuid>,
+        query: &str,
+        limit: usize,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<RankedResult>, WorkspaceError> {
+        let conn = self.conn().await?;
+
+        let rows = conn
+            .query(
+                r#"
+                SELECT c.id as chunk_id, c.document_id, d.path as document_path,
+                       c.content,
+                       ts_rank_cd(c.content_tsv, plainto_tsquery('english', $3)) as rank
+                FROM memory_chunks c
+                JOIN memory_documents d ON d.id = c.document_id
+                WHERE d.user_id = ANY($1::text[]) AND d.agent_id IS NOT DISTINCT FROM $2
+                  AND c.content_tsv @@ plainto_tsquery('english', $3)
+                ORDER BY rank DESC
+                LIMIT $4
+                "#,
+                &[&user_ids, &agent_id, &query, &(limit as i64)],
+            )
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| WorkspaceError::SearchFailed {
+                reason: format!("FTS multi-scope query failed: {}", e),
+            })?;
+
+        Ok(rows
+            .iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .map(|(i, row)| RankedResult {
+                chunk_id: row.get("chunk_id"),
+                document_id: row.get("document_id"),
+                document_path: row.get("document_path"),
+                content: row.get("content"),
+                rank: (i + 1) as u32,
+            })
+            .collect())
+    }
+
+    /// Vector search across multiple user scopes.
+    async fn vector_search_multi(
+        &self,
+        user_ids: &[String],
+        agent_id: Option<Uuid>,
+        embedding: &[f32],
+        limit: usize,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<RankedResult>, WorkspaceError> {
+        let conn = self.conn().await?;
+        let embedding_vec = Vector::from(embedding.to_vec());
+
+        let rows = conn
+            .query(
+                r#"
+                SELECT c.id as chunk_id, c.document_id, d.path as document_path,
+                       c.content, 1 - (c.embedding <=> $3) as similarity
+                FROM memory_chunks c
+                JOIN memory_documents d ON d.id = c.document_id
+                WHERE d.user_id = ANY($1::text[]) AND d.agent_id IS NOT DISTINCT FROM $2
+                  AND c.embedding IS NOT NULL
+                ORDER BY c.embedding <=> $3
+                LIMIT $4
+                "#,
+                &[&user_ids, &agent_id, &embedding_vec, &(limit as i64)],
+            )
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| WorkspaceError::SearchFailed {
+                reason: format!("Vector multi-scope query failed: {}", e),
+            })?;
+
+        Ok(rows
+            .iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .map(|(i, row)| RankedResult {
+                chunk_id: row.get("chunk_id"),
+                document_id: row.get("document_id"),
+                document_path: row.get("document_path"),
+                content: row.get("content"),
+                rank: (i + 1) as u32,
+            })
+            .collect())
+    }
+
+    /// List all file paths across multiple user scopes with a single query.
+    pub async fn list_all_paths_multi(
+        &self,
+        user_ids: &[String],
+        agent_id: Option<Uuid>,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<String>, WorkspaceError> {
+        let conn = self.conn().await?;
+
+        let rows = conn
+            .query(
+                r#"
+                SELECT DISTINCT path FROM memory_documents
+                WHERE user_id = ANY($1::text[]) AND agent_id IS NOT DISTINCT FROM $2
+                ORDER BY path
+                "#,
+                &[&user_ids, &agent_id],
+            )
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| WorkspaceError::SearchFailed {
+                reason: format!("List paths multi-scope failed: {}", e),
+            })?;
+
+        Ok(rows.iter().map(|row| row.get("path")).collect())
+    }
+
+    /// Get a document by path across multiple user scopes.
+    ///
+    /// Returns the first match (ordered by the input user_ids priority).
+    pub async fn get_document_by_path_multi(
+        &self,
+        user_ids: &[String],
+        agent_id: Option<Uuid>,
+        path: &str,
+    ) -> Result<MemoryDocument, WorkspaceError> {
+        let conn = self.conn().await?;
+
+        let row = conn
+            .query_opt(
+                r#"
+                SELECT id, user_id, agent_id, path, content,
+                       created_at, updated_at, metadata
+                FROM memory_documents
+                WHERE user_id = ANY($1::text[]) AND agent_id IS NOT DISTINCT FROM $2 AND path = $3
+                ORDER BY array_position($1::text[], user_id)
+                LIMIT 1
+                "#,
+                &[&user_ids, &agent_id, &path],
+            )
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| WorkspaceError::SearchFailed {
+                reason: format!("get_document_by_path_multi failed: {}", e),
+            })?;
+
+        match row {
+            Some(row) => Ok(self.row_to_document(&row)),
+            None => Err(WorkspaceError::DocumentNotFound {
+                doc_type: path.to_string(),
+                user_id: format!("[{}]", user_ids.join(", ")),
+            }),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// List directory contents across multiple user scopes.
+    ///
+    /// Iterates per scope and merges results. A future migration could add an
+    /// optimised SQL function, at which point this method can call it directly.
+    pub async fn list_directory_multi(
+        &self,
+        user_ids: &[String],
+        agent_id: Option<Uuid>,
+        directory: &str,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<WorkspaceEntry>, WorkspaceError> {
+        let mut all_entries = Vec::new();
+        for uid in user_ids {
+            all_entries.extend(self.list_directory(uid, agent_id, directory).await?);
+        }
+        Ok(crate::workspace::merge_workspace_entries(all_entries))
+    }
 }
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ mod tests {

        match &routine.trigger {
            Trigger::Cron { schedule, timezone } => {
-                assert_eq!(schedule, "0 0 9 * * *");
+                assert_eq!(schedule, "0 0 9 * * * *");
                assert_eq!(timezone.as_deref(), Some("America/New_York"));
            }
            other => panic!("expected cron trigger, got {other:?}"),
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+use ironclaw::llm::ChatMessage;
+use ironclaw::llm::gemini_oauth::GeminiOauthProvider;
+
+/// Regression: Cloud Code API routing for Gemini 2.0+ models.
+/// Gemini 1.x → legacy generativelanguage.googleapis.com
+/// Gemini 2.0+ → Cloud Code API (cloudcode-pa.googleapis.com)
+#[test]
+fn test_regression_cloud_code_api_routing() {
+    // Legacy models (1.x) → false
+    assert!(!GeminiOauthProvider::model_uses_cloud_code_api(
+        "gemini-1.5-pro"
+    ));
+    assert!(!GeminiOauthProvider::model_uses_cloud_code_api(
+        "gemini-1.5-flash"
+    ));
+
+    // 2.0+ models → true
+    assert!(GeminiOauthProvider::model_uses_cloud_code_api(
+        "gemini-2.0-flash"
+    ));
+    assert!(GeminiOauthProvider::model_uses_cloud_code_api(
+        "gemini-2.5-pro"
+    ));
+    assert!(GeminiOauthProvider::model_uses_cloud_code_api(
+        "gemini-2.5-flash"
+    ));
+
+    // Preview models with hyphen → true
+    assert!(GeminiOauthProvider::model_uses_cloud_code_api(
+        "gemini-3.1-pro-preview"
+    ));
+    assert!(GeminiOauthProvider::model_uses_cloud_code_api(
+        "gemini-3-flash-preview"
+    ));
+
+    // Gemini 3 family → true
+    assert!(GeminiOauthProvider::model_uses_cloud_code_api(
+        "gemini-3-pro"
+    ));
+}
+
+/// Regression: "preview" false-positive fix.
+/// `model.contains("-preview")` (with hyphen) prevents models whose name
+/// happens to include "preview" without a hyphen prefix from being
+/// mis-routed to Cloud Code API.
+#[test]
+fn test_regression_preview_false_positive_fix() {
+    // "my-preview-custom" still matches (contains "-preview")
+    assert!(GeminiOauthProvider::model_uses_cloud_code_api(
+        "my-preview-custom"
+    ));
+
+    // "mypreviewcustom" does NOT match (no hyphen before "preview")
+    assert!(!GeminiOauthProvider::model_uses_cloud_code_api(
+        "mypreviewcustom"
+    ));
+
+    // Non-Gemini models without "-preview" → false
+    assert!(!GeminiOauthProvider::model_uses_cloud_code_api(
+        "not-a-gemini-model"
+    ));
+}
+
+/// Regression: model list consistency.
+/// Wizard, list_models(), and LLM_PROVIDERS.md all return the same 8 models.
+#[test]
+fn test_regression_standardized_model_list() {
+    let expected_models = [
+        "gemini-3.1-pro-preview",
+        "gemini-3.1-pro-preview-customtools",
+        "gemini-3-pro-preview",
+        "gemini-3-flash-preview",
+        "gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview",
+        "gemini-2.5-pro",
+        "gemini-2.5-flash",
+        "gemini-2.5-flash-lite",
+    ];
+
+    // All standardized models must route to Cloud Code API (all are >= 2.0)
+    for model in &expected_models {
+        assert!(
+            GeminiOauthProvider::model_uses_cloud_code_api(model),
+            "Standardized model '{}' should route to Cloud Code API",
+            model
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+/// Regression: ChatMessage helper constructors.
+#[test]
+fn test_regression_chat_message_helpers() {
+    let user_msg = ChatMessage::user("hello");
+    assert_eq!(user_msg.role, ironclaw::llm::Role::User);
+    assert_eq!(user_msg.content, "hello");
+
+    let system_msg = ChatMessage::system("you are helpful");
+    assert_eq!(system_msg.role, ironclaw::llm::Role::System);
+    assert_eq!(system_msg.content, "you are helpful");
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+//! Tests for identity file scope isolation in multi-scope workspaces.
+//!
+//! When a workspace has multiple read scopes (e.g., Andrew can read from
+//! "andrew", "grace", "household"), identity files (SOUL.md, USER.md,
+//! IDENTITY.md, AGENTS.md) must ONLY come from the primary scope.
+//!
+//! Multi-scope reads are designed for memory sharing (MEMORY.md, daily logs),
+//! not identity inheritance. Silently inheriting identity from another scope
+//! is a correctness and security issue — the agent would present itself as
+//! the wrong user.
+//!
+//! These tests verify that:
+//! 1. Identity files are read from primary scope only
+//! 2. If the primary scope's identity file is missing, it's absent from the
+//!    system prompt — never falls back to another scope
+//! 3. Memory files (MEMORY.md) still benefit from multi-scope reads
+#![cfg(feature = "libsql")]
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use ironclaw::db::Database;
+use ironclaw::db::libsql::LibSqlBackend;
+use ironclaw::workspace::{Workspace, paths};
+
+async fn setup() -> (Arc<dyn Database>, tempfile::TempDir) {
+    let dir = tempfile::tempdir().expect("create temp dir");
+    let db_path = dir.path().join("test.db");
+    let backend = LibSqlBackend::new_local(&db_path).await.expect("create db");
+    backend.run_migrations().await.expect("run migrations");
+    let db: Arc<dyn Database> = Arc::new(backend);
+    (db, dir)
+}
+
+/// Seed a document into a specific user's workspace scope.
+async fn seed(db: &Arc<dyn Database>, user_id: &str, path: &str, content: &str) {
+    let ws = Workspace::new_with_db(user_id, db.clone());
+    ws.write(path, content)
+        .await
+        .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("Failed to seed {path} for {user_id}: {e}"));
+}
+
+// ─── Test 1: Primary scope identity appears in system prompt ───────────
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn system_prompt_uses_primary_scope_identity() {
+    let (db, _dir) = setup().await;
+
+    // Seed Alice's identity files in her own scope
+    seed(&db, "alice", paths::SOUL, "Alice is kind and curious.").await;
+    seed(
+        &db,
+        "alice",
+        paths::USER,
+        "You are talking to Alice, a software engineer.",
+    )
+    .await;
+
+    // Seed Bob's identity files in his scope
+    seed(&db, "bob", paths::SOUL, "Bob is analytical and precise.").await;
+    seed(
+        &db,
+        "bob",
+        paths::USER,
+        "You are talking to Bob, a marine biologist.",
+    )
+    .await;
+
+    // Create Alice's workspace WITH multi-scope reads including Bob
+    let ws = Workspace::new_with_db("alice", db.clone())
+        .with_additional_read_scopes(vec!["bob".to_string()]);
+
+    let prompt = ws
+        .system_prompt_for_context(false)
+        .await
+        .expect("system_prompt_for_context failed");
+
+    // Alice's identity must appear
+    assert!(
+        prompt.contains("Alice is kind and curious"),
+        "Primary scope SOUL.md should appear in system prompt.\nPrompt:\n{prompt}"
+    );
+    assert!(
+        prompt.contains("Alice, a software engineer"),
+        "Primary scope USER.md should appear in system prompt.\nPrompt:\n{prompt}"
+    );
+
+    // Bob's identity must NOT appear
+    assert!(
+        !prompt.contains("Bob is analytical"),
+        "Secondary scope SOUL.md must NOT appear in system prompt.\nPrompt:\n{prompt}"
+    );
+    assert!(
+        !prompt.contains("Bob, a marine biologist"),
+        "Secondary scope USER.md must NOT appear in system prompt.\nPrompt:\n{prompt}"
+    );
+}
+
+// ─── Test 2: Missing primary identity does NOT fall back to other scope ─
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn missing_primary_identity_does_not_fallback_to_other_scope() {
+    let (db, _dir) = setup().await;
+
+    // Only seed Bob's identity — Alice has no identity files
+    seed(&db, "bob", paths::SOUL, "Bob is analytical and precise.").await;
+    seed(
+        &db,
+        "bob",
+        paths::USER,
+        "You are talking to Bob, a marine biologist.",
+    )
+    .await;
+
+    // Create Alice's workspace with multi-scope reads including Bob
+    let ws = Workspace::new_with_db("alice", db.clone())
+        .with_additional_read_scopes(vec!["bob".to_string()]);
+
+    let prompt = ws
+        .system_prompt_for_context(false)
+        .await
+        .expect("system_prompt_for_context failed");
+
+    // Bob's identity must NOT appear — Alice's missing identity should stay missing,
+    // not silently inherit from Bob's scope
+    assert!(
+        !prompt.contains("Bob"),
+        "When primary scope identity is missing, must NOT fall back to secondary scope.\n\
+         This would cause the agent to present itself as the wrong user.\nPrompt:\n{prompt}"
+    );
+}
+
+// ─── Test 3: MEMORY.md still benefits from multi-scope reads ────────────
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn memory_files_still_use_multi_scope_reads() {
+    let (db, _dir) = setup().await;
+
+    // Seed shared memory in the "shared" scope (not Alice's primary)
+    seed(
+        &db,
+        "shared",
+        paths::MEMORY,
+        "Shared grocery list: milk, eggs, bread.",
+    )
+    .await;
+
+    // Create Alice's workspace with read access to shared scope
+    let ws = Workspace::new_with_db("alice", db.clone())
+        .with_additional_read_scopes(vec!["shared".to_string()]);
+
+    let prompt = ws
+        .system_prompt_for_context(false)
+        .await
+        .expect("system_prompt_for_context failed");
+
+    // Shared memory SHOULD appear — multi-scope reads are correct for memory
+    assert!(
+        prompt.contains("grocery list"),
+        "MEMORY.md should still use multi-scope reads.\nPrompt:\n{prompt}"
+    );
+}
+
+// ─── Test 4: All identity files are scope-isolated ──────────────────────
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn all_identity_files_are_scope_isolated() {
+    let (db, _dir) = setup().await;
+
+    // Seed identity files ONLY in the "other" scope, not in Alice's
+    seed(&db, "other", paths::AGENTS, "You are Other's agent.").await;
+    seed(&db, "other", paths::SOUL, "Other's soul values.").await;
+    seed(&db, "other", paths::USER, "You are talking to Other.").await;
+    seed(&db, "other", paths::IDENTITY, "Other's identity.").await;
+
+    // Also seed BOOTSTRAP.md and TOOLS.md in other scope
+    seed(&db, "other", "BOOTSTRAP.md", "Other's bootstrap.").await;
+    seed(&db, "other", "TOOLS.md", "Other's tool notes.").await;
+
+    // Create Alice's workspace with read access to "other"
+    let ws = Workspace::new_with_db("alice", db.clone())
+        .with_additional_read_scopes(vec!["other".to_string()]);
+
+    let prompt = ws
+        .system_prompt_for_context(false)
+        .await
+        .expect("system_prompt_for_context failed");
+
+    // None of Other's identity/config files should appear
+    assert!(
+        !prompt.contains("Other"),
+        "No identity or config files from secondary scope should appear.\n\
+         Every identity file (AGENTS.md, SOUL.md, USER.md, IDENTITY.md, \
+         BOOTSTRAP.md, TOOLS.md) must read from primary scope only.\nPrompt:\n{prompt}"
+    );
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,451 @@
+#![cfg(feature = "libsql")]
+//! Integration tests for multi-scope workspace reads using file-backed libSQL.
+//!
+//! Guards the PR2 contract: workspaces can read from multiple user scopes
+//! while writes remain isolated to the primary scope.
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use ironclaw::db::Database;
+use ironclaw::db::libsql::LibSqlBackend;
+use ironclaw::workspace::Workspace;
+
+async fn setup() -> (Arc<dyn Database>, tempfile::TempDir) {
+    let dir = tempfile::tempdir().expect("create temp dir");
+    let db_path = dir.path().join("test.db");
+    let backend = LibSqlBackend::new_local(&db_path).await.expect("create db");
+    backend.run_migrations().await.expect("run migrations");
+    let db: Arc<dyn Database> = Arc::new(backend);
+    (db, dir)
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn read_across_scopes() {
+    let (db, _dir) = setup().await;
+
+    // Write docs as the "shared" user
+    let ws_shared = Workspace::new_with_db("shared", Arc::clone(&db));
+    ws_shared
+        .write("docs/team-standup.md", "Team standup notes from Monday")
+        .await
+        .expect("shared write failed");
+
+    // Alice's workspace with "shared" as an additional read scope
+    let ws_alice = Workspace::new_with_db("alice", Arc::clone(&db))
+        .with_additional_read_scopes(vec!["shared".to_string()]);
+
+    // Alice can read shared docs
+    let doc = ws_alice
+        .read("docs/team-standup.md")
+        .await
+        .expect("cross-scope read failed");
+    assert_eq!(doc.content, "Team standup notes from Monday");
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn write_stays_in_primary_scope() {
+    let (db, _dir) = setup().await;
+
+    // Alice has "shared" as a read scope
+    let ws_alice = Workspace::new_with_db("alice", Arc::clone(&db))
+        .with_additional_read_scopes(vec!["shared".to_string()]);
+
+    // Alice writes a personal note
+    ws_alice
+        .write("notes/personal.md", "Alice's private note")
+        .await
+        .expect("alice write failed");
+
+    // The "shared" workspace should NOT see Alice's note
+    let ws_shared = Workspace::new_with_db("shared", Arc::clone(&db));
+    let result = ws_shared.read("notes/personal.md").await;
+    assert!(result.is_err(), "Shared scope should not see Alice's note");
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn list_paths_merges_across_scopes() {
+    let (db, _dir) = setup().await;
+
+    // Write as alice
+    let ws_alice_plain = Workspace::new_with_db("alice", Arc::clone(&db));
+    ws_alice_plain
+        .write("notes/personal.md", "My notes")
+        .await
+        .expect("alice write failed");
+
+    // Write as shared
+    let ws_shared = Workspace::new_with_db("shared", Arc::clone(&db));
+    ws_shared
+        .write("docs/shared-doc.md", "Shared document")
+        .await
+        .expect("shared write failed");
+
+    // Alice with multi-scope should see both
+    let ws_alice = Workspace::new_with_db("alice", Arc::clone(&db))
+        .with_additional_read_scopes(vec!["shared".to_string()]);
+
+    let all_paths = ws_alice.list_all().await.expect("list_all failed");
+    assert!(
+        all_paths.contains(&"notes/personal.md".to_string()),
+        "Should contain alice's note: {:?}",
+        all_paths
+    );
+    assert!(
+        all_paths.contains(&"docs/shared-doc.md".to_string()),
+        "Should contain shared doc: {:?}",
+        all_paths
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn list_directory_merges_across_scopes() {
+    let (db, _dir) = setup().await;
+
+    // Alice writes to docs/
+    let ws_alice_plain = Workspace::new_with_db("alice", Arc::clone(&db));
+    ws_alice_plain
+        .write("docs/alice-doc.md", "Alice's doc")
+        .await
+        .expect("alice write failed");
+
+    // Shared writes to docs/
+    let ws_shared = Workspace::new_with_db("shared", Arc::clone(&db));
+    ws_shared
+        .write("docs/shared-doc.md", "Shared doc")
+        .await
+        .expect("shared write failed");
+
+    // Alice with multi-scope lists docs/
+    let ws_alice = Workspace::new_with_db("alice", Arc::clone(&db))
+        .with_additional_read_scopes(vec!["shared".to_string()]);
+
+    let entries = ws_alice.list("docs").await.expect("list failed");
+    let paths: Vec<&str> = entries.iter().map(|e| e.path.as_str()).collect();
+    assert!(
+        paths.contains(&"docs/alice-doc.md"),
+        "Should contain alice's doc: {:?}",
+        paths
+    );
+    assert!(
+        paths.contains(&"docs/shared-doc.md"),
+        "Should contain shared doc: {:?}",
+        paths
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn search_spans_scopes() {
+    let (db, _dir) = setup().await;
+
+    // Write searchable content in shared scope
+    let ws_shared = Workspace::new_with_db("shared", Arc::clone(&db));
+    ws_shared
+        .write(
+            "docs/architecture.md",
+            "The microservice architecture uses gRPC for inter-service communication",
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("shared write failed");
+
+    // Write searchable content in alice scope
+    let ws_alice_plain = Workspace::new_with_db("alice", Arc::clone(&db));
+    ws_alice_plain
+        .write("notes/ideas.md", "Consider switching to GraphQL federation")
+        .await
+        .expect("alice write failed");
+
+    // Alice with multi-scope searches
+    let ws_alice = Workspace::new_with_db("alice", Arc::clone(&db))
+        .with_additional_read_scopes(vec!["shared".to_string()]);
+
+    // Search for content in the shared scope
+    let results = ws_alice
+        .search("microservice architecture gRPC", 10)
+        .await
+        .expect("search failed");
+    assert!(!results.is_empty(), "Should find results from shared scope");
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn read_priority_primary_first() {
+    let (db, _dir) = setup().await;
+
+    // Write same path in both scopes
+    let ws_shared = Workspace::new_with_db("shared", Arc::clone(&db));
+    ws_shared
+        .write("config/settings.md", "Shared settings v1")
+        .await
+        .expect("shared write failed");
+
+    let ws_alice_plain = Workspace::new_with_db("alice", Arc::clone(&db));
+    ws_alice_plain
+        .write("config/settings.md", "Alice's settings override")
+        .await
+        .expect("alice write failed");
+
+    // Alice with multi-scope should get her own version (primary scope wins)
+    let ws_alice = Workspace::new_with_db("alice", Arc::clone(&db))
+        .with_additional_read_scopes(vec!["shared".to_string()]);
+
+    let doc = ws_alice
+        .read("config/settings.md")
+        .await
+        .expect("read failed");
+    assert_eq!(
+        doc.content, "Alice's settings override",
+        "Primary scope should take priority"
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn exists_spans_scopes() {
+    let (db, _dir) = setup().await;
+
+    // Write a doc as "shared"
+    let ws_shared = Workspace::new_with_db("shared", Arc::clone(&db));
+    ws_shared
+        .write("docs/shared-only.md", "Shared content")
+        .await
+        .expect("shared write failed");
+
+    // Alice without multi-scope should NOT see it
+    let ws_alice_plain = Workspace::new_with_db("alice", Arc::clone(&db));
+    assert!(
+        !ws_alice_plain
+            .exists("docs/shared-only.md")
+            .await
+            .expect("exists failed"),
+        "Alice without multi-scope should not see shared doc"
+    );
+
+    // Alice with multi-scope should see it
+    let ws_alice = Workspace::new_with_db("alice", Arc::clone(&db))
+        .with_additional_read_scopes(vec!["shared".to_string()]);
+    assert!(
+        ws_alice
+            .exists("docs/shared-only.md")
+            .await
+            .expect("exists failed"),
+        "Alice with multi-scope should see shared doc"
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn append_stays_in_primary_scope() {
+    let (db, _dir) = setup().await;
+
+    // Write a document as "shared"
+    let ws_shared = Workspace::new_with_db("shared", Arc::clone(&db));
+    ws_shared
+        .write("notes/log.md", "shared original content")
+        .await
+        .expect("shared write failed");
+
+    // Alice has "shared" as a read scope and appends to the same path
+    let ws_alice = Workspace::new_with_db("alice", Arc::clone(&db))
+        .with_additional_read_scopes(vec!["shared".to_string()]);
+    ws_alice
+        .append("notes/log.md", "alice appended line")
+        .await
+        .expect("alice append failed");
+
+    // Shared document must be unchanged (write isolation)
+    let shared_doc = ws_shared
+        .read("notes/log.md")
+        .await
+        .expect("shared read failed");
+    assert_eq!(
+        shared_doc.content, "shared original content",
+        "Append must not modify the secondary scope's document"
+    );
+
+    // Alice should have her own copy with the appended content
+    let ws_alice_plain = Workspace::new_with_db("alice", Arc::clone(&db));
+    let alice_doc = ws_alice_plain
+        .read("notes/log.md")
+        .await
+        .expect("alice read failed");
+    assert_eq!(
+        alice_doc.content, "alice appended line",
+        "Append should create a new document in alice's scope"
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn append_memory_stays_in_primary_scope() {
+    let (db, _dir) = setup().await;
+
+    // Write MEMORY.md as "shared"
+    let ws_shared = Workspace::new_with_db("shared", Arc::clone(&db));
+    ws_shared
+        .write("MEMORY.md", "shared memory baseline")
+        .await
+        .expect("shared write failed");
+
+    // Alice has "shared" as a read scope and appends a memory entry
+    let ws_alice = Workspace::new_with_db("alice", Arc::clone(&db))
+        .with_additional_read_scopes(vec!["shared".to_string()]);
+    ws_alice
+        .append_memory("alice remembers this")
+        .await
+        .expect("alice append_memory failed");
+
+    // Shared MEMORY.md must be unchanged
+    let shared_doc = ws_shared
+        .read("MEMORY.md")
+        .await
+        .expect("shared read failed");
+    assert_eq!(
+        shared_doc.content, "shared memory baseline",
+        "append_memory must not modify the secondary scope's document"
+    );
+
+    // Alice should have her own MEMORY.md
+    let ws_alice_plain = Workspace::new_with_db("alice", Arc::clone(&db));
+    let alice_doc = ws_alice_plain
+        .read("MEMORY.md")
+        .await
+        .expect("alice read failed");
+    assert_eq!(
+        alice_doc.content, "alice remembers this",
+        "append_memory should create in alice's scope"
+    );
+}
+
+// ==================== Identity isolation tests ====================
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn identity_files_not_readable_from_secondary_scope() {
+    let (db, _dir) = setup().await;
+
+    let ws_other = Workspace::new_with_db("other-user", Arc::clone(&db));
+    ws_other
+        .write("IDENTITY.md", "I am the other user")
+        .await
+        .expect("write failed");
+    ws_other
+        .write("SOUL.md", "Other user soul overlay")
+        .await
+        .expect("write failed");
+    ws_other
+        .write("USER.md", "Other user profile")
+        .await
+        .expect("write failed");
+    ws_other
+        .write("AGENTS.md", "Other user agent config")
+        .await
+        .expect("write failed");
+
+    let ws_primary = Workspace::new_with_db("primary", Arc::clone(&db))
+        .with_additional_read_scopes(vec!["other-user".to_string()]);
+
+    for path in &["IDENTITY.md", "SOUL.md", "USER.md", "AGENTS.md"] {
+        let result = ws_primary.read(path).await;
+        assert!(
+            result.is_err(),
+            "Primary should NOT read other user's {} via secondary scope",
+            path
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn identity_files_not_in_search_from_secondary_scope() {
+    let (db, _dir) = setup().await;
+
+    let ws_other = Workspace::new_with_db("other-user", Arc::clone(&db));
+    ws_other
+        .write("SOUL.md", "Other user loves xylophone music passionately")
+        .await
+        .expect("write failed");
+    ws_other
+        .write(
+            "notes/music.md",
+            "Other user played xylophone at the concert",
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("write failed");
+
+    let ws_primary = Workspace::new_with_db("primary", Arc::clone(&db))
+        .with_additional_read_scopes(vec!["other-user".to_string()]);
+
+    let results = ws_primary
+        .search("xylophone", 10)
+        .await
+        .expect("search failed");
+    let has_concert = results.iter().any(|r| r.content.contains("concert"));
+    assert!(
+        has_concert,
+        "Should find non-identity content from secondary scope"
+    );
+    let has_soul = results.iter().any(|r| r.content.contains("passionately"));
+    assert!(
+        !has_soul,
+        "SOUL.md content from secondary scope should not appear in search results"
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn identity_files_not_in_list_from_secondary_scope() {
+    let (db, _dir) = setup().await;
+
+    let ws_other = Workspace::new_with_db("other-user", Arc::clone(&db));
+    ws_other
+        .write("IDENTITY.md", "I am the other user")
+        .await
+        .expect("write failed");
+    ws_other
+        .write("notes/shared-note.md", "A shared note")
+        .await
+        .expect("write failed");
+
+    let ws_primary = Workspace::new_with_db("primary", Arc::clone(&db))
+        .with_additional_read_scopes(vec!["other-user".to_string()]);
+
+    let paths = ws_primary.list_all().await.expect("list failed");
+    assert!(
+        !paths.contains(&"IDENTITY.md".to_string()),
+        "IDENTITY.md from secondary scope should not appear"
+    );
+    assert!(
+        paths.contains(&"notes/shared-note.md".to_string()),
+        "Non-identity files should be listed"
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn empty_read_scopes_reads_primary_only() {
+    let (db, _dir) = setup().await;
+
+    let ws_shared = Workspace::new_with_db("shared", Arc::clone(&db));
+    ws_shared
+        .write("docs/note.md", "Shared note")
+        .await
+        .expect("write failed");
+
+    let ws_primary =
+        Workspace::new_with_db("primary", Arc::clone(&db)).with_additional_read_scopes(vec![]);
+
+    let result = ws_primary.read("docs/note.md").await;
+    assert!(
+        result.is_err(),
+        "Empty read scopes should not grant cross-scope access"
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn duplicate_read_scopes_handled() {
+    let (db, _dir) = setup().await;
+
+    let ws_shared = Workspace::new_with_db("shared", Arc::clone(&db));
+    ws_shared
+        .write("docs/note.md", "One note")
+        .await
+        .expect("write failed");
+
+    let ws_primary = Workspace::new_with_db("primary", Arc::clone(&db))
+        .with_additional_read_scopes(vec!["shared".to_string(), "shared".to_string()]);
+
+    let doc = ws_primary.read("docs/note.md").await.expect("read failed");
+    assert_eq!(doc.content, "One note");
+}
@@ -773,7 +773,7 @@ impl TestRigBuilder {
        // 7. Create TestChannel and ChannelManager.
        // When testing bootstrap, the channel must be named "gateway" because
        // the bootstrap greeting targets only the gateway channel.
-        let test_channel = if keep_bootstrap {
+        let test_channel = if self.keep_bootstrap {
            Arc::new(TestChannel::new().with_name("gateway"))
        } else {
            Arc::new(TestChannel::new())
@@ -407,3 +407,333 @@ async fn test_workspace_system_prompt() {

    cleanup_user(&pool, user_id).await;
 }
+
+// ── Multi-scope workspace read tests ──────────────────────────────────
+//
+// These exercise the PostgreSQL-optimized `_multi` query paths
+// (repository.rs) that the libSQL backend covers via default trait impls.
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_multi_scope_read_across_scopes() {
+    let pool = get_pool();
+    if try_connect(&pool).await.is_none() {
+        return;
+    }
+    let shared_id = "ms_shared_read";
+    let alice_id = "ms_alice_read";
+    cleanup_user(&pool, shared_id).await;
+    cleanup_user(&pool, alice_id).await;
+
+    // Write a doc as "shared"
+    let ws_shared = Workspace::new(shared_id, pool.clone());
+    ws_shared
+        .write("docs/team-standup.md", "Team standup notes from Monday")
+        .await
+        .expect("shared write failed");
+
+    // Alice with "shared" as an additional read scope
+    let ws_alice = Workspace::new(alice_id, pool.clone())
+        .with_additional_read_scopes(vec![shared_id.to_string()]);
+
+    let doc = ws_alice
+        .read("docs/team-standup.md")
+        .await
+        .expect("cross-scope read failed");
+    assert_eq!(doc.content, "Team standup notes from Monday");
+
+    cleanup_user(&pool, shared_id).await;
+    cleanup_user(&pool, alice_id).await;
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_multi_scope_write_stays_in_primary() {
+    let pool = get_pool();
+    if try_connect(&pool).await.is_none() {
+        return;
+    }
+    let shared_id = "ms_shared_write";
+    let alice_id = "ms_alice_write";
+    cleanup_user(&pool, shared_id).await;
+    cleanup_user(&pool, alice_id).await;
+
+    let ws_alice = Workspace::new(alice_id, pool.clone())
+        .with_additional_read_scopes(vec![shared_id.to_string()]);
+
+    ws_alice
+        .write("notes/personal.md", "Alice's private note")
+        .await
+        .expect("alice write failed");
+
+    // Shared workspace should NOT see Alice's note
+    let ws_shared = Workspace::new(shared_id, pool.clone());
+    let result = ws_shared.read("notes/personal.md").await;
+    assert!(result.is_err(), "Shared scope should not see Alice's note");
+
+    cleanup_user(&pool, shared_id).await;
+    cleanup_user(&pool, alice_id).await;
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_multi_scope_list_all_merges() {
+    let pool = get_pool();
+    if try_connect(&pool).await.is_none() {
+        return;
+    }
+    let shared_id = "ms_shared_list";
+    let alice_id = "ms_alice_list";
+    cleanup_user(&pool, shared_id).await;
+    cleanup_user(&pool, alice_id).await;
+
+    // Write as alice (plain, no multi-scope)
+    let ws_alice_plain = Workspace::new(alice_id, pool.clone());
+    ws_alice_plain
+        .write("notes/personal.md", "My notes")
+        .await
+        .expect("alice write failed");
+
+    // Write as shared
+    let ws_shared = Workspace::new(shared_id, pool.clone());
+    ws_shared
+        .write("docs/shared-doc.md", "Shared document")
+        .await
+        .expect("shared write failed");
+
+    // Alice with multi-scope should see both
+    let ws_alice = Workspace::new(alice_id, pool.clone())
+        .with_additional_read_scopes(vec![shared_id.to_string()]);
+
+    let all_paths = ws_alice.list_all().await.expect("list_all failed");
+    assert!(
+        all_paths.contains(&"notes/personal.md".to_string()),
+        "Should contain alice's note: {:?}",
+        all_paths
+    );
+    assert!(
+        all_paths.contains(&"docs/shared-doc.md".to_string()),
+        "Should contain shared doc: {:?}",
+        all_paths
+    );
+
+    cleanup_user(&pool, shared_id).await;
+    cleanup_user(&pool, alice_id).await;
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_multi_scope_list_directory_merges() {
+    let pool = get_pool();
+    if try_connect(&pool).await.is_none() {
+        return;
+    }
+    let shared_id = "ms_shared_dir";
+    let alice_id = "ms_alice_dir";
+    cleanup_user(&pool, shared_id).await;
+    cleanup_user(&pool, alice_id).await;
+
+    let ws_alice_plain = Workspace::new(alice_id, pool.clone());
+    ws_alice_plain
+        .write("docs/alice-doc.md", "Alice's doc")
+        .await
+        .expect("alice write failed");
+
+    let ws_shared = Workspace::new(shared_id, pool.clone());
+    ws_shared
+        .write("docs/shared-doc.md", "Shared doc")
+        .await
+        .expect("shared write failed");
+
+    let ws_alice = Workspace::new(alice_id, pool.clone())
+        .with_additional_read_scopes(vec![shared_id.to_string()]);
+
+    let entries = ws_alice.list("docs").await.expect("list failed");
+    let paths: Vec<&str> = entries.iter().map(|e| e.path.as_str()).collect();
+    assert!(
+        paths.contains(&"docs/alice-doc.md"),
+        "Should contain alice's doc: {:?}",
+        paths
+    );
+    assert!(
+        paths.contains(&"docs/shared-doc.md"),
+        "Should contain shared doc: {:?}",
+        paths
+    );
+
+    cleanup_user(&pool, shared_id).await;
+    cleanup_user(&pool, alice_id).await;
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_multi_scope_read_priority_primary_first() {
+    let pool = get_pool();
+    if try_connect(&pool).await.is_none() {
+        return;
+    }
+    let shared_id = "ms_shared_prio";
+    let alice_id = "ms_alice_prio";
+    cleanup_user(&pool, shared_id).await;
+    cleanup_user(&pool, alice_id).await;
+
+    // Write same path in both scopes
+    let ws_shared = Workspace::new(shared_id, pool.clone());
+    ws_shared
+        .write("config/settings.md", "Shared settings v1")
+        .await
+        .expect("shared write failed");
+
+    let ws_alice_plain = Workspace::new(alice_id, pool.clone());
+    ws_alice_plain
+        .write("config/settings.md", "Alice's settings override")
+        .await
+        .expect("alice write failed");
+
+    // Alice with multi-scope should get her own version (primary scope wins)
+    let ws_alice = Workspace::new(alice_id, pool.clone())
+        .with_additional_read_scopes(vec![shared_id.to_string()]);
+
+    let doc = ws_alice
+        .read("config/settings.md")
+        .await
+        .expect("read failed");
+    assert_eq!(
+        doc.content, "Alice's settings override",
+        "Primary scope should take priority"
+    );
+
+    cleanup_user(&pool, shared_id).await;
+    cleanup_user(&pool, alice_id).await;
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_multi_scope_exists_spans_scopes() {
+    let pool = get_pool();
+    if try_connect(&pool).await.is_none() {
+        return;
+    }
+    let shared_id = "ms_shared_exists";
+    let alice_id = "ms_alice_exists";
+    cleanup_user(&pool, shared_id).await;
+    cleanup_user(&pool, alice_id).await;
+
+    let ws_shared = Workspace::new(shared_id, pool.clone());
+    ws_shared
+        .write("docs/shared-only.md", "Shared content")
+        .await
+        .expect("shared write failed");
+
+    // Alice without multi-scope should NOT see it
+    let ws_alice_plain = Workspace::new(alice_id, pool.clone());
+    assert!(
+        !ws_alice_plain
+            .exists("docs/shared-only.md")
+            .await
+            .expect("exists failed"),
+        "Alice without multi-scope should not see shared doc"
+    );
+
+    // Alice with multi-scope should see it
+    let ws_alice = Workspace::new(alice_id, pool.clone())
+        .with_additional_read_scopes(vec![shared_id.to_string()]);
+    assert!(
+        ws_alice
+            .exists("docs/shared-only.md")
+            .await
+            .expect("exists failed"),
+        "Alice with multi-scope should see shared doc"
+    );
+
+    cleanup_user(&pool, shared_id).await;
+    cleanup_user(&pool, alice_id).await;
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_multi_scope_search_spans_scopes() {
+    let pool = get_pool();
+    if try_connect(&pool).await.is_none() {
+        return;
+    }
+    let shared_id = "ms_shared_search";
+    let alice_id = "ms_alice_search";
+    cleanup_user(&pool, shared_id).await;
+    cleanup_user(&pool, alice_id).await;
+
+    let ws_shared = Workspace::new(shared_id, pool.clone());
+    ws_shared
+        .write(
+            "docs/architecture.md",
+            "The microservice architecture uses gRPC for inter-service communication",
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("shared write failed");
+
+    let ws_alice_plain = Workspace::new(alice_id, pool.clone());
+    ws_alice_plain
+        .write("notes/ideas.md", "Consider switching to GraphQL federation")
+        .await
+        .expect("alice write failed");
+
+    let ws_alice = Workspace::new(alice_id, pool.clone())
+        .with_additional_read_scopes(vec![shared_id.to_string()]);
+
+    // Search for content in the shared scope
+    let results = ws_alice
+        .search_with_config(
+            "microservice gRPC architecture",
+            SearchConfig::default().fts_only(),
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("search failed");
+    assert!(!results.is_empty(), "Should find results from shared scope");
+
+    cleanup_user(&pool, shared_id).await;
+    cleanup_user(&pool, alice_id).await;
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_multi_scope_append_stays_in_primary() {
+    let pool = get_pool();
+    if try_connect(&pool).await.is_none() {
+        return;
+    }
+    let shared_id = "ms_shared_append";
+    let alice_id = "ms_alice_append";
+    cleanup_user(&pool, shared_id).await;
+    cleanup_user(&pool, alice_id).await;
+
+    // Write a document as "shared"
+    let ws_shared = Workspace::new(shared_id, pool.clone());
+    ws_shared
+        .write("notes/log.md", "shared original content")
+        .await
+        .expect("shared write failed");
+
+    // Alice has "shared" as a read scope and appends to the same path
+    let ws_alice = Workspace::new(alice_id, pool.clone())
+        .with_additional_read_scopes(vec![shared_id.to_string()]);
+    ws_alice
+        .append("notes/log.md", "alice appended line")
+        .await
+        .expect("alice append failed");
+
+    // Shared document must be unchanged (write isolation)
+    let shared_doc = ws_shared
+        .read("notes/log.md")
+        .await
+        .expect("shared read failed");
+    assert_eq!(
+        shared_doc.content, "shared original content",
+        "Append must not modify the secondary scope's document"
+    );
+
+    // Alice should have her own copy with the appended content
+    let ws_alice_plain = Workspace::new(alice_id, pool.clone());
+    let alice_doc = ws_alice_plain
+        .read("notes/log.md")
+        .await
+        .expect("alice read failed");
+    assert_eq!(
+        alice_doc.content, "alice appended line",
+        "Append should create a new document in alice's scope"
+    );
+
+    cleanup_user(&pool, shared_id).await;
+    cleanup_user(&pool, alice_id).await;
+}
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "composio-tool"
-version = "0.1.0"
-edition = "2021"
-description = "Composio integration tool for IronClaw (WASM component)"
-license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
-publish = false
-
-[dependencies]
-serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
-serde_json = "1.0"
-wit-bindgen = "0.41.0"
-
-[lib]
-crate-type = ["cdylib"]
-
-[profile.release]
-opt-level = "s"
-lto = true
-strip = true
-codegen-units = 1
-
-[workspace]
@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "version": "0.1.0",
-  "wit_version": "0.3.0",
-  "description": "Connect to 250+ apps (Gmail, GitHub, Slack, Notion, etc.) via Composio. Actions: list (browse tools), execute (run a tool), connect (OAuth-link an app), connected_accounts (list linked accounts). Authentication is handled via the 'composio_api_key' secret injected by the host.",
-  "parameters": {
-    "type": "object",
-    "properties": {
-      "action": {
-        "type": "string",
-        "enum": ["list", "execute", "connect", "connected_accounts"],
-        "description": "Action to perform"
-      },
-      "app": {
-        "type": "string",
-        "description": "App/toolkit slug (e.g., \"gmail\", \"github\", \"notion\")"
-      },
-      "tool_slug": {
-        "type": "string",
-        "description": "Tool action slug for execute (e.g., \"GMAIL_SEND_EMAIL\")"
-      },
-      "params": {
-        "description": "Parameters for the tool action (JSON object)"
-      },
-      "connected_account_id": {
-        "type": "string",
-        "description": "Specific connected account ID (auto-resolved if omitted)"
-      }
-    },
-    "required": ["action"],
-    "additionalProperties": false
-  },
-  "capabilities": {
-    "http": {
-      "allowlist": [
-        {
-          "host": "backend.composio.dev",
-          "path_prefix": "/api/v3/",
-          "methods": ["GET", "POST"]
-        }
-      ],
-      "credentials": {
-        "composio_api_key": {
-          "secret_name": "composio_api_key",
-          "location": {
-            "type": "header",
-            "name": "x-api-key"
-          },
-          "host_patterns": ["backend.composio.dev"]
-        }
-      },
-      "rate_limit": {
-        "requests_per_minute": 30,
-        "requests_per_hour": 500
-      }
-    },
-    "secrets": {
-      "allowed_names": ["composio_api_key"]
-    }
-  },
-  "auth": {
-    "secret_name": "composio_api_key",
-    "display_name": "Composio",
-    "instructions": "Get an API key at app.composio.dev — go to Settings > API Keys to generate one.",
-    "setup_url": "https://app.composio.dev/",
-    "env_var": "COMPOSIO_API_KEY"
-  },
-  "setup": {
-    "required_secrets": [
-      {
-        "name": "composio_api_key",
-        "prompt": "Composio API key (from app.composio.dev)"
-      }
-    ]
-  }
-}
@@ -1,425 +0,0 @@
-//! Composio WASM Tool for IronClaw.
-//!
-//! Connects to 250+ third-party apps via Composio's REST API (v3).
-//! Provides a single multiplexed tool with actions: list, execute, connect,
-//! connected_accounts.
-//!
-//! # Authentication
-//!
-//! Store your Composio API key:
-//! `ironclaw secret set composio_api_key <key>`
-//!
-//! Get a key at: https://app.composio.dev/
-
-wit_bindgen::generate!({
-    world: "sandboxed-tool",
-    path: "../../wit/tool.wit",
-});
-
-use serde::Deserialize;
-
-const API_BASE: &str = "https://backend.composio.dev/api/v3";
-const MAX_RETRIES: u32 = 3;
-
-struct ComposioTool;
-
-impl exports::near::agent::tool::Guest for ComposioTool {
-    fn execute(req: exports::near::agent::tool::Request) -> exports::near::agent::tool::Response {
-        match execute_inner(&req.params, req.context.as_deref()) {
-            Ok(result) => exports::near::agent::tool::Response {
-                output: Some(result),
-                error: None,
-            },
-            Err(e) => exports::near::agent::tool::Response {
-                output: None,
-                error: Some(e),
-            },
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn schema() -> String {
-        SCHEMA.to_string()
-    }
-
-    fn description() -> String {
-        "Connect to 250+ apps (Gmail, GitHub, Slack, Notion, etc.) via Composio. \
-         Actions: \"list\" (browse tools), \"execute\" (run a tool), \
-         \"connect\" (OAuth-link an app), \"connected_accounts\" (list linked accounts). \
-         Authentication is handled via the 'composio_api_key' secret injected by the host."
-            .to_string()
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
-struct Params {
-    action: String,
-    app: Option<String>,
-    tool_slug: Option<String>,
-    params: Option<serde_json::Value>,
-    connected_account_id: Option<String>,
-}
-
-fn execute_inner(params_str: &str, context: Option<&str>) -> Result<String, String> {
-    let params: Params =
-        serde_json::from_str(params_str).map_err(|e| format!("Invalid parameters: {e}"))?;
-
-    if params.action.is_empty() {
-        return Err("'action' must not be empty".into());
-    }
-
-    // Pre-flight: verify API key is available.
-    if !near::agent::host::secret_exists("composio_api_key") {
-        return Err(
-            "Composio API key not found in secret store. Set it with: \
-             ironclaw secret set composio_api_key <key>. \
-             Get a key at: https://app.composio.dev/"
-                .into(),
-        );
-    }
-
-    // Extract an entity identifier from context if provided; prefer `entity_id`,
-    // then `user_id` (from JobContext), then `requester_id`, otherwise "default".
-    let entity_id = context
-        .and_then(|ctx| serde_json::from_str::<serde_json::Value>(ctx).ok())
-        .and_then(|v| {
-            v.get("entity_id")
-                .or_else(|| v.get("user_id"))
-                .or_else(|| v.get("requester_id"))
-                .and_then(|e| e.as_str())
-                .map(String::from)
-        })
-        .unwrap_or_else(|| "default".to_string());
-
-    match params.action.as_str() {
-        "list" => list_tools(params.app.as_deref()),
-        "execute" => {
-            let tool_slug = params
-                .tool_slug
-                .as_deref()
-                .ok_or("missing 'tool_slug' for execute action")?;
-            let action_params = params.params.unwrap_or(serde_json::json!({}));
-            execute_action(
-                tool_slug,
-                &action_params,
-                &entity_id,
-                params.connected_account_id.as_deref(),
-            )
-        }
-        "connect" => {
-            let app = params
-                .app
-                .as_deref()
-                .ok_or("missing 'app' for connect action")?;
-            connect_app(app, &entity_id)
-        }
-        "connected_accounts" => list_accounts(params.app.as_deref(), &entity_id),
-        other => Err(format!(
-            "unknown action \"{other}\", expected: list, execute, connect, connected_accounts"
-        )),
-    }
-}
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// API helpers
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-fn api_get(path: &str, query: &[(&str, &str)]) -> Result<serde_json::Value, String> {
-    let url = build_url(path, query);
-
-    let headers = serde_json::json!({
-        "Accept": "application/json",
-        "User-Agent": "IronClaw-Composio-Tool/0.1"
-    });
-
-    let response = http_with_retry("GET", &url, &headers.to_string(), None)?;
-    parse_json_response(&response.body, response.status)
-}
-
-fn api_post(path: &str, body: &serde_json::Value) -> Result<serde_json::Value, String> {
-    let url = build_url(path, &[]);
-
-    let headers = serde_json::json!({
-        "Accept": "application/json",
-        "Content-Type": "application/json",
-        "User-Agent": "IronClaw-Composio-Tool/0.1"
-    });
-
-    let body_bytes = serde_json::to_vec(body).map_err(|e| format!("JSON serialize error: {e}"))?;
-
-    let response = http_with_retry("POST", &url, &headers.to_string(), Some(&body_bytes))?;
-    parse_json_response(&response.body, response.status)
-}
-
-fn http_with_retry(
-    method: &str,
-    url: &str,
-    headers: &str,
-    body: Option<&[u8]>,
-) -> Result<near::agent::host::HttpResponse, String> {
-    let mut attempt = 0;
-    loop {
-        attempt += 1;
-
-        let resp = near::agent::host::http_request(method, url, headers, body, None)
-            .map_err(|e| format!("HTTP request failed: {e}"))?;
-
-        if resp.status >= 200 && resp.status < 300 {
-            return Ok(resp);
-        }
-
-        if attempt < MAX_RETRIES && (resp.status == 429 || resp.status >= 500) {
-            near::agent::host::log(
-                near::agent::host::LogLevel::Warn,
-                &format!(
-                    "Composio API error {} (attempt {}/{}). Retrying...",
-                    resp.status, attempt, MAX_RETRIES
-                ),
-            );
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        // Truncate at byte level before UTF-8 conversion to avoid
-        // panicking on multibyte character boundaries.
-        let truncated_bytes = if resp.body.len() > 512 {
-            &resp.body[..512]
-        } else {
-            &resp.body
-        };
-        let truncated = String::from_utf8_lossy(truncated_bytes);
-        return Err(format!("Composio API error (HTTP {}): {truncated}", resp.status));
-    }
-}
-
-fn parse_json_response(body: &[u8], status: u16) -> Result<serde_json::Value, String> {
-    if !(200..300).contains(&status) {
-        // Truncate at byte level before UTF-8 conversion to avoid
-        // panicking on multibyte character boundaries.
-        let truncated_bytes = if body.len() > 512 { &body[..512] } else { body };
-        let truncated = String::from_utf8_lossy(truncated_bytes);
-        return Err(format!("Composio API {status}: {truncated}"));
-    }
-
-    let text = String::from_utf8(body.to_vec())
-        .map_err(|e| format!("non-UTF8 response: {e}"))?;
-    serde_json::from_str(&text).map_err(|e| format!("invalid JSON: {e}"))
-}
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Actions
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-fn list_tools(app: Option<&str>) -> Result<String, String> {
-    let query: Vec<(&str, &str)> = match app {
-        Some(a) => vec![("toolkit_slug", a)],
-        None => vec![],
-    };
-    let result = api_get("/tools", &query)?;
-    serde_json::to_string(&result).map_err(|e| format!("Failed to serialize output: {e}"))
-}
-
-fn execute_action(
-    tool_slug: &str,
-    params: &serde_json::Value,
-    entity_id: &str,
-    connected_account_id: Option<&str>,
-) -> Result<String, String> {
-    // Auto-resolve connected account if not provided
-    let account_id = match connected_account_id {
-        Some(id) => id.to_string(),
-        None => resolve_account(tool_slug, entity_id)?,
-    };
-
-    let body = serde_json::json!({
-        "connected_account_id": account_id,
-        "entity_id": entity_id,
-        "input": params,
-    });
-    let result = api_post(&format!("/tools/execute/{}", url_encode(tool_slug)), &body)?;
-    serde_json::to_string(&result).map_err(|e| format!("Failed to serialize output: {e}"))
-}
-
-fn connect_app(app: &str, entity_id: &str) -> Result<String, String> {
-    // Resolve auth config for this app
-    let configs = api_get("/auth_configs", &[("toolkit_slug", app)])?;
-    let auth_config_id = configs
-        .as_array()
-        .and_then(|arr| arr.first())
-        .and_then(|c| c.get("id"))
-        .and_then(|id| id.as_str())
-        .ok_or_else(|| {
-            format!("no auth config found for {app} — configure it at app.composio.dev")
-        })?;
-
-    let body = serde_json::json!({
-        "auth_config_id": auth_config_id,
-        "user_id": entity_id,
-    });
-    let result = api_post("/connected_accounts/link", &body)?;
-    serde_json::to_string(&result).map_err(|e| format!("Failed to serialize output: {e}"))
-}
-
-fn list_accounts(app: Option<&str>, entity_id: &str) -> Result<String, String> {
-    let mut query = vec![("user_id", entity_id)];
-    if let Some(a) = app {
-        query.push(("toolkit_slug", a));
-    }
-    let result = api_get("/connected_accounts", &query)?;
-    serde_json::to_string(&result).map_err(|e| format!("Failed to serialize output: {e}"))
-}
-
-/// Look up the toolkit/app slug for a tool via the Composio API.
-///
-/// Querying the API is more reliable than parsing the tool slug string,
-/// which breaks for multi-word app names (e.g., `GOOGLE_DRIVE_UPLOAD`
-/// would incorrectly resolve to `"google"` instead of `"google_drive"`).
-fn lookup_app_for_tool(tool_slug: &str) -> Result<String, String> {
-    let tools = api_get("/tools", &[("search", tool_slug)])?;
-    tools
-        .as_array()
-        .and_then(|arr| {
-            arr.iter().find(|t| {
-                t.get("slug")
-                    .and_then(|s| s.as_str())
-                    .map(|s| s.eq_ignore_ascii_case(tool_slug))
-                    .unwrap_or(false)
-            })
-        })
-        .and_then(|t| t.get("toolkit_slug").or_else(|| t.get("appName")))
-        .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
-        .map(|s| s.to_ascii_lowercase())
-        .ok_or_else(|| {
-            format!("could not determine app for tool \"{tool_slug}\" — verify the slug is correct")
-        })
-}
-
-/// Auto-resolve connected account for a tool slug.
-fn resolve_account(tool_slug: &str, entity_id: &str) -> Result<String, String> {
-    let app = lookup_app_for_tool(tool_slug)?;
-
-    let accounts = api_get("/connected_accounts", &[("user_id", entity_id), ("toolkit_slug", &app)])?;
-
-    accounts
-        .as_array()
-        .and_then(|arr| {
-            arr.iter()
-                .filter(|a| a.get("status").and_then(|s| s.as_str()) == Some("ACTIVE"))
-                .max_by_key(|a| {
-                    a.get("updatedAt")
-                        .and_then(|u| u.as_str())
-                        .unwrap_or("")
-                        .to_string()
-                })
-        })
-        .and_then(|a| a.get("id"))
-        .and_then(|id| id.as_str())
-        .map(|s| s.to_string())
-        .ok_or_else(|| {
-            format!("no connected account for {app} — use composio with action=\"connect\" first")
-        })
-}
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// URL helpers
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-fn build_url(path: &str, query: &[(&str, &str)]) -> String {
-    let mut url = format!("{API_BASE}{path}");
-    if !query.is_empty() {
-        url.push('?');
-        for (i, (k, v)) in query.iter().enumerate() {
-            if i > 0 {
-                url.push('&');
-            }
-            url.push_str(&url_encode(k));
-            url.push('=');
-            url.push_str(&url_encode(v));
-        }
-    }
-    url
-}
-
-/// Percent-encode a string for safe use in URL query parameters.
-fn url_encode(s: &str) -> String {
-    let mut out = String::with_capacity(s.len() * 2);
-    for b in s.bytes() {
-        match b {
-            b'A'..=b'Z' | b'a'..=b'z' | b'0'..=b'9' | b'-' | b'_' | b'.' | b'~' => {
-                out.push(b as char);
-            }
-            b' ' => out.push_str("%20"),
-            _ => {
-                out.push('%');
-                out.push(char::from(b"0123456789ABCDEF"[(b >> 4) as usize]));
-                out.push(char::from(b"0123456789ABCDEF"[(b & 0xf) as usize]));
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    out
-}
-
-const SCHEMA: &str = r#"{
-    "type": "object",
-    "properties": {
-        "action": {
-            "type": "string",
-            "enum": ["list", "execute", "connect", "connected_accounts"],
-            "description": "Action to perform"
-        },
-        "app": {
-            "type": "string",
-            "description": "App/toolkit slug (e.g., \"gmail\", \"github\", \"notion\")"
-        },
-        "tool_slug": {
-            "type": "string",
-            "description": "Tool action slug for execute (e.g., \"GMAIL_SEND_EMAIL\")"
-        },
-        "params": {
-            "description": "Parameters for the tool action (JSON object)"
-        },
-        "connected_account_id": {
-            "type": "string",
-            "description": "Specific connected account ID (auto-resolved if omitted)"
-        }
-    },
-    "required": ["action"],
-    "additionalProperties": false
-}"#;
-
-export!(ComposioTool);
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_url_encode() {
-        assert_eq!(url_encode("hello world"), "hello%20world");
-        assert_eq!(url_encode("foo&bar=baz"), "foo%26bar%3Dbaz");
-        assert_eq!(url_encode("simple"), "simple");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_url_encode_multibyte() {
-        assert_eq!(url_encode("café"), "caf%C3%A9");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_build_url_no_query() {
-        let url = build_url("/tools", &[]);
-        assert_eq!(url, format!("{API_BASE}/tools"));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_build_url_with_query() {
-        let url = build_url("/tools", &[("toolkit_slug", "gmail"), ("search", "send")]);
-        assert!(url.starts_with(&format!("{API_BASE}/tools?")));
-        assert!(url.contains("toolkit_slug=gmail"));
-        assert!(url.contains("search=send"));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_build_url_encodes_special_chars() {
-        let url = build_url("/tools", &[("q", "my app+1")]);
-        assert!(url.contains("q=my%20app%2B1"));
-    }
-}