Files
patroni/patroni/postgresql.py
T
Alexander KukushkinandGitHub acc6d7c2c2 Watchdog unit-tests, bugfixes and questions (#449)
Implement missing unit-tests for and drop unused code
2017-07-11 10:00:30 +02:00

1632 lines
72 KiB
Python

import logging
import errno
import os
import psycopg2
import psutil
import re
import shlex
import shutil
import signal
import subprocess
import tempfile
import time
from collections import defaultdict
from contextlib import contextmanager
from patroni import call_self
from patroni.callback_executor import CallbackExecutor
from patroni.exceptions import PostgresConnectionException, PostgresException
from patroni.utils import compare_values, parse_bool, parse_int, Retry, RetryFailedError, polling_loop, null_context
from six import string_types
from six.moves.urllib.parse import quote_plus
from threading import current_thread, Lock, Event
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
ACTION_ON_START = "on_start"
ACTION_ON_STOP = "on_stop"
ACTION_ON_RESTART = "on_restart"
ACTION_ON_RELOAD = "on_reload"
ACTION_ON_ROLE_CHANGE = "on_role_change"
STATE_RUNNING = 'running'
STATE_REJECT = 'rejecting connections'
STATE_NO_RESPONSE = 'not responding'
STATE_UNKNOWN = 'unknown'
STOP_SIGNALS = {
'smart': signal.SIGTERM,
'fast': signal.SIGINT,
'immediate': signal.SIGQUIT,
}
STOP_POLLING_INTERVAL = 1
REWIND_STATUS = type('Enum', (), {'INITIAL': 0, 'CHECK': 1, 'NEED': 2, 'NOT_NEED': 3, 'SUCCESS': 4, 'FAILED': 5})
def slot_name_from_member_name(member_name):
"""Translate member name to valid PostgreSQL slot name.
PostgreSQL replication slot names must be valid PostgreSQL names. This function maps the wider space of
member names to valid PostgreSQL names. Names are lowercased, dashes and periods common in hostnames
are replaced with underscores, other characters are encoded as their unicode codepoint. Name is truncated
to 64 characters. Multiple different member names may map to a single slot name."""
def replace_char(match):
c = match.group(0)
return '_' if c in '-.' else "u{:04d}".format(ord(c))
slot_name = re.sub('[^a-z0-9_]', replace_char, member_name.lower())
return slot_name[0:63]
class Postgresql(object):
# List of parameters which must be always passed to postmaster as command line options
# to make it not possible to change them with 'ALTER SYSTEM'.
# Some of these parameters have sane default value assigned and Patroni doesn't allow
# to decrease this value. E.g. 'wal_level' can't be lower then 'hot_standby' and so on.
# These parameters could be changed only globally, i.e. via DCS.
# P.S. 'listen_addresses' and 'port' are added here just for convenience, to mark them
# as a parameters which should always be passed through command line.
#
# Format:
# key - parameter name
# value - tuple(default_value, check_function, min_version)
# default_value -- some sane default value
# check_function -- if the new value is not correct must return `!False`
# min_version -- major version of PostgreSQL when parameter was introduced
CMDLINE_OPTIONS = {
'listen_addresses': (None, lambda _: False, 90100),
'port': (None, lambda _: False, 90100),
'cluster_name': (None, lambda _: False, 90500),
'wal_level': ('hot_standby', lambda v: v.lower() in ('hot_standby', 'replica', 'logical'), 90100),
'hot_standby': ('on', lambda _: False, 90100),
'max_connections': (100, lambda v: int(v) >= 100, 90100),
'max_wal_senders': (5, lambda v: int(v) >= 5, 90100),
'wal_keep_segments': (8, lambda v: int(v) >= 8, 90100),
'max_prepared_transactions': (0, lambda v: int(v) >= 0, 90100),
'max_locks_per_transaction': (64, lambda v: int(v) >= 64, 90100),
'track_commit_timestamp': ('off', lambda v: parse_bool(v) is not None, 90500),
'max_replication_slots': (5, lambda v: int(v) >= 5, 90400),
'max_worker_processes': (8, lambda v: int(v) >= 8, 90400),
'wal_log_hints': ('on', lambda _: False, 90400)
}
def __init__(self, config):
self.config = config
self.name = config['name']
self.scope = config['scope']
self._bin_dir = config.get('bin_dir') or ''
self._database = config.get('database', 'postgres')
self._data_dir = config['data_dir']
self._config_dir = config.get('config_dir') or self._data_dir
self._pending_restart = False
self.__thread_ident = current_thread().ident
self._version_file = os.path.join(self._data_dir, 'PG_VERSION')
self._major_version = self.get_major_version()
self._synchronous_standby_names = None
self._server_parameters = self.get_server_parameters(config)
self._connect_address = config.get('connect_address')
self._superuser = config['authentication'].get('superuser', {})
self.resolve_connection_addresses()
self._rewind_state = REWIND_STATUS.INITIAL
self._use_slots = config.get('use_slots', True)
self._schedule_load_slots = self.use_slots
self._pgpass = config.get('pgpass') or os.path.join(os.path.expanduser('~'), 'pgpass')
self._callback_executor = CallbackExecutor()
self.__cb_called = False
self.__cb_pending = None
config_base_name = config.get('config_base_name', 'postgresql')
self._postgresql_conf = os.path.join(self._config_dir, config_base_name + '.conf')
self._postgresql_base_conf_name = config_base_name + '.base.conf'
self._postgresql_base_conf = os.path.join(self._config_dir, self._postgresql_base_conf_name)
self._recovery_conf = os.path.join(self._data_dir, 'recovery.conf')
self._postmaster_pid = os.path.join(self._data_dir, 'postmaster.pid')
self._trigger_file = config.get('recovery_conf', {}).get('trigger_file') or 'promote'
self._trigger_file = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(self._data_dir, self._trigger_file))
self._connection_lock = Lock()
self._connection = None
self._cursor_holder = None
self._sysid = None
self._replication_slots = [] # list of already existing replication slots
self.retry = Retry(max_tries=-1, deadline=config['retry_timeout']/2.0, max_delay=1,
retry_exceptions=PostgresConnectionException)
# Retry 'pg_is_in_recovery()' only once
self._is_leader_retry = Retry(max_tries=1, deadline=config['retry_timeout']/2.0, max_delay=1,
retry_exceptions=PostgresConnectionException)
self._state_lock = Lock()
self.set_state('stopped')
self._role_lock = Lock()
self.set_role(self.get_postgres_role_from_data_directory())
self._state_entry_timestamp = None
# This event is set to true when no backends are running. Could be set in parallel by
# multiple processes, like when demote is racing with async restart. Needs to be cleared
# before invoking stop if wait for this event is desired.
self.stop_safepoint_reached = Event()
self.stop_safepoint_reached.set()
if self.is_running():
self.set_state('running')
self.set_role('master' if self.is_leader() else 'replica')
self._write_postgresql_conf() # we are "joining" already running postgres
if self._replace_pg_hba():
self.reload()
@property
def _configuration_to_save(self):
configuration = [os.path.basename(self._postgresql_conf)]
if 'custom_conf' not in self.config:
configuration.append(os.path.basename(self._postgresql_base_conf))
if not self.config['parameters'].get('hba_file'):
configuration.append('pg_hba.conf')
return configuration
@property
def use_slots(self):
return self._use_slots and self._major_version >= 90400
@property
def _replication(self):
return self.config['authentication']['replication']
@property
def callback(self):
return self.config.get('callbacks') or {}
@staticmethod
def _wal_name(version):
return 'wal' if version >= 100000 else 'xlog'
@property
def wal_name(self):
return self._wal_name(self._major_version)
@property
def lsn_name(self):
return 'lsn' if self._major_version >= 100000 else 'location'
def _version_file_exists(self):
return not self.data_directory_empty() and os.path.isfile(self._version_file)
def get_major_version(self):
if self._version_file_exists():
try:
with open(self._version_file) as f:
return self.postgres_major_version_to_int(f.read().strip())
except Exception:
logger.exception('Failed to read PG_VERSION from %s', self._data_dir)
return 0
def get_server_parameters(self, config):
parameters = config['parameters'].copy()
listen_addresses, port = (config['listen'] + ':5432').split(':')[:2]
parameters.update({'cluster_name': self.scope, 'listen_addresses': listen_addresses, 'port': port})
if config.get('synchronous_mode', False):
if self._synchronous_standby_names is None:
if config.get('synchronous_mode_strict', False):
parameters['synchronous_standby_names'] = '*'
else:
parameters.pop('synchronous_standby_names', None)
else:
parameters['synchronous_standby_names'] = self._synchronous_standby_names
if self._major_version >= 90600 and parameters['wal_level'] == 'hot_standby':
parameters['wal_level'] = 'replica'
return {k: v for k, v in parameters.items() if not self._major_version or
self._major_version >= self.CMDLINE_OPTIONS.get(k, (0, 1, 90100))[2]}
def resolve_connection_addresses(self):
port = self._server_parameters['port']
tcp_local_address = self._get_tcp_local_address()
local_address = {'port': port}
if self.config.get('use_unix_socket'):
unix_socket_directories = self._server_parameters.get('unix_socket_directories')
if unix_socket_directories is not None:
# fallback to tcp if unix_socket_directories is set, but there are no sutable values
local_address['host'] = self._get_unix_local_address(unix_socket_directories) or tcp_local_address
# if unix_socket_directories is not specified, but use_unix_socket is set to true - do our best
# to use default value, i.e. don't specify a host neither in connection url nor arguments
else:
local_address['host'] = tcp_local_address
self._local_address = local_address
self._local_replication_address = {'host': tcp_local_address, 'port': port}
self.connection_string = 'postgres://{0}/{1}'.format(
self._connect_address or tcp_local_address + ':' + port, self._database)
def _pgcommand(self, cmd):
"""Returns path to the specified PostgreSQL command"""
return os.path.join(self._bin_dir, cmd)
def pg_ctl(self, cmd, *args, **kwargs):
"""Builds and executes pg_ctl command
:returns: `!True` when return_code == 0, otherwise `!False`"""
pg_ctl = [self._pgcommand('pg_ctl'), cmd]
return subprocess.call(pg_ctl + ['-D', self._data_dir] + list(args), **kwargs) == 0
def pg_isready(self):
"""Runs pg_isready to see if PostgreSQL is accepting connections.
:returns: 'ok' if PostgreSQL is up, 'reject' if starting up, 'no_resopnse' if not up."""
cmd = [self._pgcommand('pg_isready'), '-p', self._local_address['port'], '-d', self._database]
# Host is not set if we are connecting via default unix socket
if 'host' in self._local_address:
cmd.extend(['-h', self._local_address['host']])
# We only need the username because pg_isready does not try to authenticate
if 'username' in self._superuser:
cmd.extend(['-U', self._superuser['username']])
ret = subprocess.call(cmd)
return_codes = {0: STATE_RUNNING,
1: STATE_REJECT,
2: STATE_NO_RESPONSE,
3: STATE_UNKNOWN}
return return_codes.get(ret, STATE_UNKNOWN)
def reload_config(self, config):
self._superuser = config['authentication'].get('superuser', {})
server_parameters = self.get_server_parameters(config)
conf_changed = hba_changed = local_connection_address_changed = pending_restart = False
if self.state == 'running':
changes = {p: v for p, v in server_parameters.items() if '.' not in p}
changes.update({p: None for p, v in self._server_parameters.items() if not ('.' in p or p in changes)})
if changes:
if 'wal_segment_size' not in changes:
changes['wal_segment_size'] = '16384kB'
# XXX: query can raise an exception
for r in self.query("""SELECT name, setting, unit, vartype, context
FROM pg_settings
WHERE name IN (""" + ', '.join(['%s'] * len(changes)) + """)
ORDER BY 1 DESC""", *(list(changes.keys()))):
if r[4] == 'internal':
if r[0] == 'wal_segment_size':
server_parameters.pop(r[0], None)
wal_segment_size = parse_int(r[2], 'kB')
if wal_segment_size is not None:
changes['wal_segment_size'] = '{0}kB'.format(int(r[1]) * wal_segment_size)
elif r[0] in changes:
unit = changes['wal_segment_size'] if r[0] in ('min_wal_size', 'max_wal_size') else r[2]
new_value = changes.pop(r[0])
if new_value is None or not compare_values(r[3], unit, r[1], new_value):
if r[4] == 'postmaster':
pending_restart = True
if config.get('use_unix_socket') and r[0] == 'unix_socket_directories'\
or r[0] in ('listen_addresses', 'port'):
local_connection_address_changed = True
else:
conf_changed = True
for param in changes:
if param in server_parameters:
logger.warning('Removing invalid parameter `%s` from postgresql.parameters', param)
server_parameters.pop(param)
# Check that user-defined-paramters have changed (parameters with period in name)
if not conf_changed:
for p, v in server_parameters.items():
if '.' in p and (p not in self._server_parameters or str(v) != str(self._server_parameters[p])):
conf_changed = True
break
if not conf_changed:
for p, v in self._server_parameters.items():
if '.' in p and (p not in server_parameters or str(v) != str(server_parameters[p])):
conf_changed = True
break
if not config['parameters'].get('hba_file') and config.get('pg_hba'):
hba_changed = self.config.get('pg_hba', []) != config['pg_hba']
self.config = config
self._pending_restart = pending_restart
self._server_parameters = server_parameters
self._connect_address = config.get('connect_address')
if not local_connection_address_changed:
self.resolve_connection_addresses()
if conf_changed:
self._write_postgresql_conf()
if hba_changed:
self._replace_pg_hba()
if conf_changed or hba_changed:
self.reload()
self._is_leader_retry.deadline = self.retry.deadline = config['retry_timeout']/2.0
@property
def pending_restart(self):
return self._pending_restart
@staticmethod
def configuration_allows_rewind(data):
return data.get('wal_log_hints setting', 'off') == 'on' \
or data.get('Data page checksum version', '0') != '0'
@property
def can_rewind(self):
""" check if pg_rewind executable is there and that pg_controldata indicates
we have either wal_log_hints or checksums turned on
"""
# low-hanging fruit: check if pg_rewind configuration is there
if not (self.config.get('use_pg_rewind') and all(self._superuser.get(n) for n in ('username', 'password'))):
return False
cmd = [self._pgcommand('pg_rewind'), '--help']
try:
ret = subprocess.call(cmd, stdout=open(os.devnull, 'w'), stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
if ret != 0: # pg_rewind is not there, close up the shop and go home
return False
except OSError:
return False
return self.configuration_allows_rewind(self.controldata())
@property
def sysid(self):
if not self._sysid:
data = self.controldata()
self._sysid = data.get('Database system identifier', "")
return self._sysid
@staticmethod
def _get_unix_local_address(unix_socket_directories):
for d in unix_socket_directories.split(','):
d = d.strip()
if d.startswith('/'): # Only absolute path can be used to connect via unix-socket
return d
return ''
def _get_tcp_local_address(self):
listen_addresses = self._server_parameters['listen_addresses'].split(',')
for la in listen_addresses:
if la.strip().lower() in ('*', '0.0.0.0', '127.0.0.1', 'localhost'): # we are listening on '*' or localhost
return 'localhost' # connection via localhost is preferred
return listen_addresses[0].strip() # can't use localhost, take first address from listen_addresses
def get_postgres_role_from_data_directory(self):
if self.data_directory_empty():
return 'uninitialized'
elif os.path.exists(self._recovery_conf):
return 'replica'
else:
return 'master'
@property
def _local_connect_kwargs(self):
ret = self._local_address.copy()
ret.update({'database': self._database,
'fallback_application_name': 'Patroni',
'connect_timeout': 3,
'options': '-c statement_timeout=2000'})
if 'username' in self._superuser:
ret['user'] = self._superuser['username']
if 'password' in self._superuser:
ret['password'] = self._superuser['password']
return ret
def connection(self):
with self._connection_lock:
if not self._connection or self._connection.closed != 0:
self._connection = psycopg2.connect(**self._local_connect_kwargs)
self._connection.autocommit = True
self.server_version = self._connection.server_version
return self._connection
def _cursor(self):
if not self._cursor_holder or self._cursor_holder.closed or self._cursor_holder.connection.closed != 0:
logger.info("establishing a new patroni connection to the postgres cluster")
self._cursor_holder = self.connection().cursor()
return self._cursor_holder
def close_connection(self):
if self._connection and self._connection.closed == 0:
self._connection.close()
logger.info("closed patroni connection to the postgresql cluster")
self._cursor_holder = self._connection = None
def _query(self, sql, *params):
"""We are always using the same cursor, therefore this method is not thread-safe!!!
You can call it from different threads only if you are holding explicit `AsyncExecutor` lock,
because the main thread is always holding this lock when running HA cycle."""
cursor = None
try:
cursor = self._cursor()
cursor.execute(sql, params)
return cursor
except psycopg2.Error as e:
if cursor and cursor.connection.closed == 0:
# When connected via unix socket, psycopg2 can't recoginze 'connection lost'
# and leaves `_cursor_holder.connection.closed == 0`, but psycopg2.OperationalError
# is still raised (what is correct). It doesn't make sense to continiue with existing
# connection and we will close it, to avoid its reuse by the `_cursor` method.
if isinstance(e, psycopg2.OperationalError):
self.close_connection()
else:
raise e
if self.state == 'restarting':
raise RetryFailedError('cluster is being restarted')
raise PostgresConnectionException('connection problems')
def query(self, sql, *params):
try:
return self.retry(self._query, sql, *params)
except RetryFailedError as e:
raise PostgresConnectionException(str(e))
def data_directory_empty(self):
return not os.path.exists(self._data_dir) or os.listdir(self._data_dir) == []
@staticmethod
def initdb_allowed_option(name):
if name in ['pgdata', 'nosync', 'pwfile', 'sync-only']:
raise Exception('{0} option for initdb is not allowed'.format(name))
return True
def get_initdb_options(self, config):
options = []
for o in config:
if isinstance(o, string_types) and self.initdb_allowed_option(o):
options.append('--{0}'.format(o))
elif isinstance(o, dict):
keys = list(o.keys())
if len(keys) != 1 or not isinstance(keys[0], string_types) or not self.initdb_allowed_option(keys[0]):
raise Exception('Invalid option: {0}'.format(o))
options.append('--{0}={1}'.format(keys[0], o[keys[0]]))
else:
raise Exception('Unknown type of initdb option: {0}'.format(o))
return options
def _initialize(self, config):
self.set_state('initalizing new cluster')
options = self.get_initdb_options(config.get('initdb') or [])
pwfile = None
if self._superuser:
if 'username' in self._superuser:
options.append('--username={0}'.format(self._superuser['username']))
if 'password' in self._superuser:
(fd, pwfile) = tempfile.mkstemp()
os.write(fd, self._superuser['password'].encode('utf-8'))
os.close(fd)
options.append('--pwfile={0}'.format(pwfile))
options = ['-o', ' '.join(options)] if options else []
ret = self.pg_ctl('initdb', *options)
if pwfile:
os.remove(pwfile)
if ret:
if not self.config['parameters'].get('hba_file') and not self.config.get('pg_hba'):
self.write_pg_hba(config.get('pg_hba', []))
self._major_version = self.get_major_version()
self._server_parameters = self.get_server_parameters(self.config)
else:
self.set_state('initdb failed')
return ret
def run_bootstrap_post_init(self, config):
"""
runs a script after initdb or custom bootstrap script is called and waits until completion.
"""
cmd = config.get('post_bootstrap') or config.get('post_init')
if cmd:
r = self._local_connect_kwargs
if 'host' in r:
# '/tmp' => '%2Ftmp' for unix socket path
host = quote_plus(r['host']) if r['host'].startswith('/') else r['host']
else:
host = ''
# https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/libpq-pgpass.html
# A host name of localhost matches both TCP (host name localhost) and Unix domain socket
# (pghost empty or the default socket directory) connections coming from the local machine.
r['host'] = 'localhost' # set it to localhost to write into pgpass
if 'user' in r:
user = r['user'] + '@'
else:
user = ''
if 'password' in r:
import getpass
r.setdefault('user', os.environ.get('PGUSER', getpass.getuser()))
connstring = 'postgres://{0}{1}:{2}/{3}'.format(user, host, r['port'], r['database'])
env = self.write_pgpass(r) if 'password' in r else None
try:
ret = subprocess.call(shlex.split(cmd) + [connstring], env=env)
except OSError:
logger.error('post_init script %s failed', cmd)
return False
if ret != 0:
logger.error('post_init script %s returned non-zero code %d', cmd, ret)
return False
return True
def delete_trigger_file(self):
if os.path.exists(self._trigger_file):
os.unlink(self._trigger_file)
def write_pgpass(self, record):
if 'user' not in record or 'password' not in record:
return os.environ.copy()
with open(self._pgpass, 'w') as f:
os.fchmod(f.fileno(), 0o600)
f.write('{host}:{port}:*:{user}:{password}\n'.format(**record))
env = os.environ.copy()
env['PGPASSFILE'] = self._pgpass
return env
def replica_method_can_work_without_replication_connection(self, method):
return method != 'basebackup' and self.config and self.config.get(method, {}).get('no_master')
def can_create_replica_without_replication_connection(self):
""" go through the replication methods to see if there are ones
that does not require a working replication connection.
"""
replica_methods = self.config.get('create_replica_method', [])
return any(self.replica_method_can_work_without_replication_connection(method) for method in replica_methods)
def create_replica(self, clone_member):
"""
create the replica according to the replica_method
defined by the user. this is a list, so we need to
loop through all methods the user supplies
"""
self.set_state('creating replica')
self._sysid = None
# get list of replica methods from config.
# If there is no configuration key, or no value is specified, use basebackup
replica_methods = self.config.get('create_replica_method') or ['basebackup']
if clone_member and clone_member.conn_url:
r = clone_member.conn_kwargs(self._replication)
connstring = 'postgres://{user}@{host}:{port}/{database}'.format(**r)
# add the credentials to connect to the replica origin to pgpass.
env = self.write_pgpass(r)
else:
connstring = ''
env = os.environ.copy()
# if we don't have any source, leave only replica methods that work without it
replica_methods = \
[r for r in replica_methods if self.replica_method_can_work_without_replication_connection(r)]
# go through them in priority order
ret = 1
for replica_method in replica_methods:
# if the method is basebackup, then use the built-in
if replica_method == "basebackup":
ret = self.basebackup(connstring, env)
if ret == 0:
logger.info("replica has been created using basebackup")
# if basebackup succeeds, exit with success
break
else:
if not self.data_directory_empty():
self.remove_data_directory()
cmd = replica_method
method_config = {}
# user-defined method; check for configuration
# not required, actually
if replica_method in self.config:
method_config = self.config[replica_method].copy()
# look to see if the user has supplied a full command path
# if not, use the method name as the command
cmd = method_config.pop('command', cmd)
# add the default parameters
method_config.update({"scope": self.scope,
"role": "replica",
"datadir": self._data_dir,
"connstring": connstring})
params = ["--{0}={1}".format(arg, val) for arg, val in method_config.items()]
try:
# call script with the full set of parameters
ret = subprocess.call(shlex.split(cmd) + params, env=env)
# if we succeeded, stop
if ret == 0:
logger.info('replica has been created using %s', replica_method)
break
else:
logger.error('Error creating replica using method %s: %s exited with code=%s',
replica_method, cmd, ret)
except Exception:
logger.exception('Error creating replica using method %s', replica_method)
ret = 1
self.set_state('stopped')
return ret
def is_leader(self):
try:
return not self._is_leader_retry(self._query, 'SELECT pg_is_in_recovery()').fetchone()[0]
except RetryFailedError as e: # SELECT pg_is_in_recovery() failed two times
if not self.is_starting() and self.pg_isready() == STATE_REJECT:
self.set_state('starting')
raise PostgresConnectionException(str(e))
def is_running(self):
if not (self._version_file_exists() and os.path.isfile(self._postmaster_pid)):
# XXX: This is dangerous in case somebody deletes the data directory while PostgreSQL is still running.
return False
return self.is_pid_running(self.get_pid())
def read_pid_file(self):
"""Reads and parses postmaster.pid from the data directory
:returns dictionary of values if successful, empty dictionary otherwise
"""
pid_line_names = ['pid', 'data_dir', 'start_time', 'port', 'socket_dir', 'listen_addr', 'shmem_key']
try:
with open(self._postmaster_pid) as f:
return {name: line.rstrip("\n") for name, line in zip(pid_line_names, f)}
except IOError:
return {}
def get_pid(self):
"""Fetches pid value from postmaster.pid using read_pid_file
:returns pid if successful, 0 if pid file is not present"""
# TODO: figure out what to do on permission errors
pid = self.read_pid_file().get('pid', 0)
try:
return int(pid)
except ValueError:
logger.warning("Garbage pid in postmaster.pid: {0!r}".format(pid))
return 0
@staticmethod
def is_pid_running(pid):
try:
if pid < 0:
pid = -pid
return pid > 0 and pid != os.getpid() and pid != os.getppid() and (os.kill(pid, 0) or True)
except Exception:
return False
@property
def cb_called(self):
return self.__cb_called
def call_nowait(self, cb_name):
""" pick a callback command and call it without waiting for it to finish """
if cb_name in (ACTION_ON_START, ACTION_ON_STOP, ACTION_ON_RESTART, ACTION_ON_ROLE_CHANGE):
self.__cb_called = True
if self.callback and cb_name in self.callback:
cmd = self.callback[cb_name]
try:
cmd = shlex.split(self.callback[cb_name]) + [cb_name, self.role, self.scope]
self._callback_executor.call(cmd)
except Exception:
logger.exception('callback %s %s %s %s failed', cmd, cb_name, self.role, self.scope)
@property
def role(self):
with self._role_lock:
return self._role
def set_role(self, value):
with self._role_lock:
self._role = value
@property
def state(self):
with self._state_lock:
return self._state
def set_state(self, value):
with self._state_lock:
self._state = value
self._state_entry_timestamp = time.time()
def time_in_state(self):
return time.time() - self._state_entry_timestamp
def is_starting(self):
return self.state == 'starting'
def wait_for_port_open(self, pid, initiated, timeout):
"""Waits until PostgreSQL opens ports."""
for _ in polling_loop(timeout):
pid_file = self.read_pid_file()
if len(pid_file) > 5:
try:
pmpid = int(pid_file['pid'])
pmstart = int(pid_file['start_time'])
if pmstart >= initiated - 2 and pmpid == pid:
isready = self.pg_isready()
if isready != STATE_NO_RESPONSE:
if isready not in [STATE_REJECT, STATE_RUNNING]:
logger.warning("Can't determine PostgreSQL startup status, assuming running")
return True
except ValueError:
# Garbage in the pid file
pass
if not self.is_pid_running(pid):
logger.error('postmaster is not running')
self.set_state('start failed')
return False
logger.warning("Timed out waiting for PostgreSQL to start")
return False
def start(self, timeout=None, block_callbacks=False, task=None):
"""Start PostgreSQL
Waits for postmaster to open ports or terminate so pg_isready can be used to check startup completion
or failure.
:returns: True if start was initiated and postmaster ports are open, False if start failed"""
# make sure we close all connections established against
# the former node, otherwise, we might get a stalled one
# after kill -9, which would report incorrect data to
# patroni.
self.close_connection()
if self.is_running():
logger.error('Cannot start PostgreSQL because one is already running.')
return True
if not block_callbacks:
self.__cb_pending = ACTION_ON_START
self.set_role(self.get_postgres_role_from_data_directory())
self.set_state('starting')
self._pending_restart = False
self._write_postgresql_conf()
self._replace_pg_hba()
self.resolve_connection_addresses()
options = ['--{0}={1}'.format(p, self._server_parameters[p]) for p in self.CMDLINE_OPTIONS
if p in self._server_parameters and p != 'wal_keep_segments']
start_initiated = time.time()
# Unfortunately `pg_ctl start` does not return postmaster pid to us. Without this information
# it is hard to know the current state of postgres startup, so we had to reimplement pg_ctl start
# in python. It will start postgres, wait for port to be open and wait until postgres will start
# accepting connections.
# Important!!! We can't just start postgres using subprocess.Popen, because in this case it
# will be our child for the rest of our live and we will have to take care of it (`waitpid`).
# So we will use the same approach as pg_ctl uses: start a new process, which will start postgres.
# This process will write postmaster pid to stdout and exit immediately. Now it's responsibility
# of init process to take care about postmaster.
# In order to make everything portable we can't use fork&exec approach here, so we will call
# ourselves and pass list of arguments which must be used to start postgres.
with task or null_context():
if task and task.is_cancelled:
logger.info("PostgreSQL start cancelled.")
return False
start_initiated = time.time()
proc = call_self(['pg_ctl_start', self._pgcommand('postgres'), '-D', self._data_dir,
'--config-file={}'.format(self._postgresql_conf)] + options, close_fds=True,
preexec_fn=os.setsid, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
env={p: os.environ[p] for p in ('PATH', 'LC_ALL', 'LANG') if p in os.environ})
pid = int(proc.stdout.readline().strip())
proc.wait()
logger.info('postmaster pid=%s', pid)
if task:
task.complete(pid)
start_timeout = timeout
if not start_timeout:
try:
start_timeout = float(self.config.get('pg_ctl_timeout', 60))
except ValueError:
start_timeout = 60
# We want postmaster to open ports before we continue
if not self.wait_for_port_open(pid, start_initiated, start_timeout):
return False
ret = self.wait_for_startup(start_timeout)
if ret is not None:
return ret
elif timeout is not None:
return False
else:
return None
def checkpoint(self, connect_kwargs=None):
check_not_is_in_recovery = connect_kwargs is not None
connect_kwargs = connect_kwargs or self._local_connect_kwargs
for p in ['connect_timeout', 'options']:
connect_kwargs.pop(p, None)
try:
with self._get_connection_cursor(**connect_kwargs) as cur:
cur.execute("SET statement_timeout = 0")
if check_not_is_in_recovery:
cur.execute('SELECT pg_is_in_recovery()')
if cur.fetchone()[0]:
return 'is_in_recovery=true'
return cur.execute('CHECKPOINT')
except psycopg2.Error:
logging.exception('Exception during CHECKPOINT')
return 'not accessible or not healty'
def stop(self, mode='fast', block_callbacks=False, checkpoint=True):
success, pg_signaled = self._do_stop(mode, block_callbacks, checkpoint)
if success:
self.stop_safepoint_reached.set() # In case we exited early. Setting twice is not a problem.
# block_callbacks is used during restart to avoid
# running start/stop callbacks in addition to restart ones
if not block_callbacks:
self.set_state('stopped')
if pg_signaled:
self.call_nowait(ACTION_ON_STOP)
else:
logger.warning('pg_ctl stop failed')
self.set_state('stop failed')
return success
def _do_stop(self, mode, block_callbacks, checkpoint):
if not self.is_running():
return True, False
if checkpoint and not self.is_starting():
self.checkpoint()
if not block_callbacks:
self.set_state('stopping')
# Send signal to postmaster to stop
pid, result = self._signal_postmaster_stop(mode)
if result is not None:
return result, True
# We can skip safepoint detection if nobody is waiting for it.
if not self.stop_safepoint_reached.is_set():
# Wait for our connection to terminate so we can be sure that no new connections are being initiated
self._wait_for_connection_close(pid)
self._wait_for_user_backends_to_close(pid)
self.stop_safepoint_reached.set()
self._wait_for_postmaster_stop(pid)
return True, True
def _wait_for_postmaster_stop(self, pid):
# This wait loop differs subtly from pg_ctl as we check for both the pid file going
# away and if the pid is running. This seems safer.
while pid == self.get_pid() and self.is_pid_running(pid):
time.sleep(STOP_POLLING_INTERVAL)
def _signal_postmaster_stop(self, mode):
pid = self.get_pid()
if pid == 0:
return None, True
elif pid < 0:
logger.warning("Cannot stop server; single-user server is running (PID: {0})".format(-pid))
return None, False
try:
os.kill(pid, STOP_SIGNALS[mode])
except OSError as e:
if e.errno == errno.ESRCH:
return None, True
else:
logger.warning("Could not send stop signal to PostgreSQL (error: {0})".format(e.errno))
return None, False
return pid, None
def terminate_starting_postmaster(self, pid):
"""Terminates a postmaster that has not yet opened ports or possibly even written a pid file. Blocks
until the process goes away."""
try:
os.kill(pid, STOP_SIGNALS['immediate'])
except OSError as e:
if e.errno == errno.ESRCH:
return
logger.warning("Could not send stop signal to PostgreSQL (error: {0})".format(e.errno))
while self.is_pid_running(pid):
time.sleep(STOP_POLLING_INTERVAL)
def _wait_for_connection_close(self, pid):
try:
with self.connection().cursor() as cur:
while pid == self.get_pid() and self.is_pid_running(pid): # Need a timeout here?
cur.execute("SELECT 1")
time.sleep(STOP_POLLING_INTERVAL)
except psycopg2.Error:
pass
@staticmethod
def _wait_for_user_backends_to_close(postmaster_pid):
# These regexps are cross checked against versions PostgreSQL 9.1 .. 9.6
aux_proc_re = re.compile("(?:postgres:)( .*:)? (?:""(?:startup|logger|checkpointer|writer|wal writer|"
"autovacuum launcher|autovacuum worker|stats collector|wal receiver|archiver|"
"wal sender) process|bgworker: )")
try:
postmaster = psutil.Process(postmaster_pid)
user_backends = [p for p in postmaster.children() if not aux_proc_re.match(p.cmdline()[0])]
logger.debug("Waiting for user backends {0} to close".format(
",".join(p.cmdline()[0] for p in user_backends)))
psutil.wait_procs(user_backends)
logger.debug("Backends closed")
except psutil.NoSuchProcess:
return
def reload(self):
ret = self.pg_ctl('reload')
if ret:
self.call_nowait(ACTION_ON_RELOAD)
return ret
def check_for_startup(self):
"""Checks PostgreSQL status and returns if PostgreSQL is in the middle of startup."""
return self.is_starting() and not self.check_startup_state_changed()
def check_startup_state_changed(self):
"""Checks if PostgreSQL has completed starting up or failed or still starting.
Should only be called when state == 'starting'
:returns: True iff state was changed from 'starting'
"""
ready = self.pg_isready()
if ready == STATE_REJECT:
return False
elif ready == STATE_NO_RESPONSE:
self.set_state('start failed')
self._schedule_load_slots = False # TODO: can remove this?
self.save_configuration_files() # TODO: maybe remove this?
return True
else:
if ready != STATE_RUNNING:
# Bad configuration or unexpected OS error. No idea of PostgreSQL status.
# Let the main loop of run cycle clean up the mess.
logger.warning("%s status returned from pg_isready",
"Unknown" if ready == STATE_UNKNOWN else "Invalid")
self.set_state('running')
self._schedule_load_slots = self.use_slots
self.save_configuration_files()
# TODO: __cb_pending can be None here after PostgreSQL restarts on its own. Do we want to call the callback?
# Previously we didn't even notice.
action = self.__cb_pending or ACTION_ON_START
self.call_nowait(action)
self.__cb_pending = None
return True
def wait_for_startup(self, timeout=None):
"""Waits for PostgreSQL startup to complete or fail.
:returns: True if start was successful, False otherwise"""
if not self.is_starting():
# Should not happen
logger.warning("wait_for_startup() called when not in starting state")
while not self.check_startup_state_changed():
if timeout and self.time_in_state() > timeout:
return None
time.sleep(1)
return self.state == 'running'
def restart(self, timeout=None, task=None):
"""Restarts PostgreSQL.
When timeout parameter is set the call will block either until PostgreSQL has started, failed to start or
timeout arrives.
:returns: True when restart was successful and timeout did not expire when waiting.
"""
self.set_state('restarting')
self.__cb_pending = ACTION_ON_RESTART
ret = self.stop(block_callbacks=True) and self.start(timeout=timeout, block_callbacks=True, task=task)
if not ret and not self.is_starting():
self.set_state('restart failed ({0})'.format(self.state))
return ret
def _write_postgresql_conf(self):
# rename the original configuration if it is necessary
if 'custom_conf' not in self.config and not os.path.exists(self._postgresql_base_conf):
os.rename(self._postgresql_conf, self._postgresql_base_conf)
with open(self._postgresql_conf, 'w') as f:
f.write('# Do not edit this file manually!\n# It will be overwritten by Patroni!\n')
f.write("include '{0}'\n\n".format(self.config.get('custom_conf') or self._postgresql_base_conf_name))
f.write("data_directory = '{}'\n".format(self._data_dir))
f.write("hba_file = '{}'\n".format(os.path.join(self._config_dir, 'pg_hba.conf')))
f.write("ident_file = '{}'\n".format(os.path.join(self._config_dir, 'pg_ident.conf')))
for name, value in sorted(self._server_parameters.items()):
f.write("{0} = '{1}'\n".format(name, value))
def is_healthy(self):
if not self.is_running():
logger.warning('Postgresql is not running.')
return False
return True
def write_pg_hba(self, config):
with open(os.path.join(self._config_dir, 'pg_hba.conf'), 'a') as f:
f.write('\n{}\n'.format('\n'.join(config)))
def _replace_pg_hba(self):
"""
Replace pg_hba.conf content in the PGDATA if hba_file is not defined in the
`postgresql.parameters` and pg_hba is defined in `postgresql` configuration section.
:returns: True if pg_hba.conf was rewritten.
"""
if not self.config['parameters'].get('hba_file') and self.config.get('pg_hba'):
with open(os.path.join(self._config_dir, 'pg_hba.conf'), 'w') as f:
f.write('# Do not edit this file manually!\n# It will be overwritten by Patroni!\n')
for line in self.config['pg_hba']:
f.write('{0}\n'.format(line))
return True
def primary_conninfo(self, member):
if not (member and member.conn_url) or member.name == self.name:
return None
r = member.conn_kwargs(self._replication)
r.update({'application_name': self.name, 'sslmode': 'prefer', 'sslcompression': '1'})
keywords = 'user password host port sslmode sslcompression application_name'.split()
return ' '.join('{0}={{{0}}}'.format(kw) for kw in keywords).format(**r)
def check_recovery_conf(self, member):
# TODO: recovery.conf could be stale, would be nice to detect that.
primary_conninfo = self.primary_conninfo(member)
if not os.path.isfile(self._recovery_conf):
return False
with open(self._recovery_conf, 'r') as f:
for line in f:
if line.startswith('primary_conninfo'):
return primary_conninfo and (primary_conninfo in line)
return not primary_conninfo
def write_recovery_conf(self, primary_conninfo):
with open(self._recovery_conf, 'w') as f:
f.write("standby_mode = 'on'\nrecovery_target_timeline = 'latest'\n")
if primary_conninfo:
f.write("primary_conninfo = '{0}'\n".format(primary_conninfo))
if self.use_slots:
f.write("primary_slot_name = '{0}'\n".format(slot_name_from_member_name(self.name)))
for name, value in self.config.get('recovery_conf', {}).items():
if name not in ('standby_mode', 'recovery_target_timeline', 'primary_conninfo', 'primary_slot_name'):
f.write("{0} = '{1}'\n".format(name, value))
def pg_rewind(self, r):
# prepare pg_rewind connection
env = self.write_pgpass(r)
dsn_attrs = [
('user', r.get('user')),
('host', r.get('host')),
('port', r.get('port')),
('dbname', r.get('database')),
('sslmode', 'prefer'),
('sslcompression', '1'),
]
dsn = " ".join("{0}={1}".format(k, v) for k, v in dsn_attrs if v is not None)
logger.info('running pg_rewind from %s', dsn)
try:
return subprocess.call([self._pgcommand('pg_rewind'),
'-D', self._data_dir,
'--source-server', dsn,
], env=env) == 0
except OSError:
return False
def controldata(self):
""" return the contents of pg_controldata, or non-True value if pg_controldata call failed """
result = {}
# Don't try to call pg_controldata during backup restore
if self._version_file_exists() and self.state != 'creating replica':
try:
data = subprocess.check_output([self._pgcommand('pg_controldata'), self._data_dir],
env={'LANG': 'C', 'LC_ALL': 'C', 'PATH': os.environ['PATH']})
if data:
data = data.decode('utf-8').splitlines()
# pg_controldata output depends on major verion. Some of parameters are prefixed by 'Current '
result = {l.split(':')[0].replace('Current ', '', 1): l.split(':', 1)[1].strip() for l in data if l}
except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
logger.exception("Error when calling pg_controldata")
return result
@property
def need_rewind(self):
return self._rewind_state in (REWIND_STATUS.CHECK, REWIND_STATUS.NEED)
@staticmethod
@contextmanager
def _get_connection_cursor(**kwargs):
with psycopg2.connect(**kwargs) as conn:
conn.autocommit = True
with conn.cursor() as cur:
yield cur
@contextmanager
def _get_replication_connection_cursor(self, host='localhost', port=5432, **kwargs):
with self._get_connection_cursor(host=host, port=int(port), database=self._database, replication=1,
user=self._replication['username'], password=self._replication['password'],
connect_timeout=3, options='-c statement_timeout=2000') as cur:
yield cur
def check_leader_is_not_in_recovery(self, **kwargs):
try:
with self._get_connection_cursor(connect_timeout=3, options='-c statement_timeout=2000', **kwargs) as cur:
cur.execute('SELECT pg_is_in_recovery()')
if not cur.fetchone()[0]:
return True
logger.info('Leader is still in_recovery and therefore can\'t be used for rewind')
except Exception:
return logger.exception('Exception when working with leader')
def _get_local_timeline_lsn(self):
timeline = lsn = None
if self.is_running(): # if postgres is running - get timeline and lsn from replication connection
try:
with self._get_replication_connection_cursor(**self._local_replication_address) as cur:
cur.execute('IDENTIFY_SYSTEM')
timeline, lsn = cur.fetchone()[1:3]
except Exception:
logger.exception('Can not fetch local timeline and lsn from replication connection')
else: # otherwise analyze pg_controldata output
data = self.controldata()
try:
if data.get('Database cluster state') == 'shut down':
lsn = data.get('Latest checkpoint location')
timeline = int(data.get("Latest checkpoint's TimeLineID"))
elif data.get('Database cluster state') == 'shut down in recovery':
lsn = data.get('Minimum recovery ending location')
timeline = int(data.get("Min recovery ending loc's timeline"))
except (TypeError, ValueError):
logger.exception('Failed to get local timeline and lsn from pg_controldata output')
logger.info('Local timeline=%s lsn=%s', timeline, lsn)
return timeline, lsn
def _check_timeline_and_lsn(self, leader):
local_timeline, local_lsn = self._get_local_timeline_lsn()
if local_timeline is None or local_lsn is None:
return
if not self.check_leader_is_not_in_recovery(**leader.conn_kwargs(self._superuser)):
return
history = need_rewind = None
try:
with self._get_replication_connection_cursor(**leader.conn_kwargs()) as cur:
cur.execute('IDENTIFY_SYSTEM')
master_timeline = cur.fetchone()[1]
logger.info('master_timeline=%s', master_timeline)
if local_timeline > master_timeline: # Not always supported by pg_rewind
need_rewind = True
elif master_timeline > 1:
cur.execute('TIMELINE_HISTORY %s', (master_timeline,))
history = bytes(cur.fetchone()[1]).decode('utf-8')
logger.info('master: history=%s', history)
else: # local_timeline == master_timeline == 1
need_rewind = False
except Exception:
return logger.exception('Exception when working with master via replication connection')
if history is not None:
def parse_lsn(lsn):
t = lsn.split('/')
return int(t[0], 16) * 0x100000000 + int(t[1], 16)
for line in history.split('\n'):
line = line.strip().split('\t')
if len(line) == 3:
try:
timeline = int(line[0])
if timeline == local_timeline:
try:
need_rewind = parse_lsn(local_lsn) >= parse_lsn(line[1])
except ValueError:
logger.exception('Exception when parsing lsn')
break
elif timeline > local_timeline:
break
except ValueError:
continue
self._rewind_state = need_rewind and REWIND_STATUS.NEED or REWIND_STATUS.NOT_NEED
def rewind(self, leader):
if self.is_running() and not self.stop(checkpoint=False):
return logger.warning('Can not run pg_rewind because postgres is still running')
# prepare pg_rewind connection
r = leader.conn_kwargs(self._superuser)
# first make sure that we are really trying to rewind
# from the master and run a checkpoint on it in order to
# make it store the new timeline ([email protected])
leader_status = self.checkpoint(r)
if leader_status:
return logger.warning('Can not use %s for rewind: %s', leader.name, leader_status)
if self.pg_rewind(r):
self._rewind_state = REWIND_STATUS.SUCCESS
elif not self.check_leader_is_not_in_recovery(**r):
logger.warning('Failed to rewind because master %s become unreachable', leader.name)
else:
logger.error('Failed to rewind from healty master: %s', leader.name)
if self.config.get('remove_data_directory_on_rewind_failure', False):
logger.warning('remove_data_directory_on_rewind_failure is set. removing...')
self.remove_data_directory()
self._rewind_state = REWIND_STATUS.INITIAL
else:
self._rewind_state = REWIND_STATUS.FAILED
return False
def trigger_check_diverged_lsn(self):
if self.can_rewind and self._rewind_state != REWIND_STATUS.NEED:
self._rewind_state = REWIND_STATUS.CHECK
def rewind_needed_and_possible(self, leader):
if leader and leader.name != self.name and leader.conn_url and self._rewind_state == REWIND_STATUS.CHECK:
self._check_timeline_and_lsn(leader)
return leader and leader.conn_url and self._rewind_state == REWIND_STATUS.NEED
@property
def rewind_executed(self):
return self._rewind_state > REWIND_STATUS.NOT_NEED
def follow(self, member, timeout=None):
primary_conninfo = self.primary_conninfo(member)
change_role = self.role in ('master', 'demoted')
self.write_recovery_conf(primary_conninfo)
if self.is_running():
self.restart()
else:
self.start(timeout=timeout)
self.set_role('replica')
if change_role:
# TODO: postpone this until start completes, or maybe do even earlier
self.call_nowait(ACTION_ON_ROLE_CHANGE)
return True
def save_configuration_files(self):
"""
copy postgresql.conf to postgresql.conf.backup to be able to retrive configuration files
- originally stored as symlinks, those are normally skipped by pg_basebackup
- in case of WAL-E basebackup (see http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.comp.db.postgresql.wal-e/239)
"""
try:
for f in self._configuration_to_save:
config_file = os.path.join(self._config_dir, f)
backup_file = os.path.join(self._data_dir, f + '.backup')
if os.path.isfile(config_file):
shutil.copy(config_file, backup_file)
except IOError:
logger.exception('unable to create backup copies of configuration files')
def restore_configuration_files(self):
""" restore a previously saved postgresql.conf """
try:
for f in self._configuration_to_save:
config_file = os.path.join(self._config_dir, f)
backup_file = os.path.join(self._data_dir, f + '.backup')
if not os.path.isfile(config_file) and os.path.isfile(backup_file):
shutil.copy(backup_file, config_file)
except IOError:
logger.exception('unable to restore configuration files from backup')
def promote(self):
if self.role == 'master':
return True
ret = self.pg_ctl('promote')
if ret:
self.set_role('master')
logger.info("cleared rewind state after becoming the leader")
self._rewind_state = REWIND_STATUS.INITIAL
self.call_nowait(ACTION_ON_ROLE_CHANGE)
return ret
def create_or_update_role(self, name, password, options):
options = list(map(str.upper, options))
if 'NOLOGIN' not in options and 'LOGIN' not in options:
options.append('LOGIN')
self.query("""DO $$
BEGIN
SET local synchronous_commit = 'local';
PERFORM * FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = %s;
IF FOUND THEN
ALTER ROLE "{0}" WITH {1} PASSWORD %s;
ELSE
CREATE ROLE "{0}" WITH {1} PASSWORD %s;
END IF;
END;
$$""".format(name, ' '.join(options)), name, password, password)
def wal_position(self, retry=True):
stmt = """SELECT CASE WHEN pg_is_in_recovery()
THEN GREATEST(pg_{0}_{1}_diff(COALESCE(pg_last_{0}_receive_{1}(), '0/0'),
'0/0')::bigint,
pg_{0}_{1}_diff(pg_last_{0}_replay_{1}(), '0/0')::bigint)
ELSE pg_{0}_{1}_diff(pg_current_{0}_{1}(), '0/0')::bigint
END""".format(self.wal_name, self.lsn_name)
# This method could be called from different threads (simultaneously with some other `_query` calls).
# If it is called not from main thread we will create a new cursor to execute statement.
if current_thread().ident == self.__thread_ident:
return (self.query(stmt) if retry else self._query(stmt)).fetchone()[0]
with self.connection().cursor() as cursor:
cursor.execute(stmt)
return cursor.fetchone()[0]
def load_replication_slots(self):
if self.use_slots and self._schedule_load_slots:
cursor = self._query("SELECT slot_name FROM pg_replication_slots WHERE slot_type='physical'")
self._replication_slots = [r[0] for r in cursor]
self._schedule_load_slots = False
def postmaster_start_time(self):
try:
cursor = self.query("""SELECT to_char(pg_postmaster_start_time(), 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.MS TZ')""")
return cursor.fetchone()[0]
except psycopg2.Error:
return None
def sync_replication_slots(self, cluster):
if self.use_slots:
try:
self.load_replication_slots()
# if the replicatefrom tag is set on the member - we should not create the replication slot for it on
# the current master, because that member would replicate from elsewhere. We still create the slot if
# the replicatefrom destination member is currently not a member of the cluster (fallback to the
# master), or if replicatefrom destination member happens to be the current master
if self.role == 'master':
slot_members = [m.name for m in cluster.members if m.name != self.name and
(m.replicatefrom is None or m.replicatefrom == self.name or
not cluster.has_member(m.replicatefrom))]
else:
# only manage slots for replicas that replicate from this one, except for the leader among them
slot_members = [m.name for m in cluster.members if m.replicatefrom == self.name and
m.name != cluster.leader.name]
slots = set(slot_name_from_member_name(name) for name in slot_members)
if len(slots) < len(slot_members):
# Find which names are conflicting for a nicer error message
slot_conflicts = defaultdict(list)
for name in slot_members:
slot_conflicts[slot_name_from_member_name(name)].append(name)
logger.error("Following cluster members share a replication slot name: %s",
"; ".join("{} map to {}".format(", ".join(v), k)
for k, v in slot_conflicts.items() if len(v) > 1))
# drop unused slots
for slot in set(self._replication_slots) - slots:
cursor = self._query("""SELECT pg_drop_replication_slot(%s)
WHERE EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM pg_replication_slots
WHERE slot_name = %s AND NOT active)""", slot, slot)
if cursor.rowcount != 1: # Either slot doesn't exists or it is still active
self._schedule_load_slots = True # schedule load_replication_slots on the next iteration
# create new slots
for slot in slots - set(self._replication_slots):
self._query("""SELECT pg_create_physical_replication_slot(%s)
WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM pg_replication_slots
WHERE slot_name = %s)""", slot, slot)
self._replication_slots = slots
except Exception:
logger.exception('Exception when changing replication slots')
self._schedule_load_slots = True
def last_operation(self):
return str(self.wal_position())
def clone(self, clone_member):
"""
- initialize the replica from an existing member (master or replica)
- initialize the replica using the replica creation method that
works without the replication connection (i.e. restore from on-disk
base backup)
"""
ret = self.create_replica(clone_member) == 0
if ret:
self._major_version = self.get_major_version()
self._server_parameters = self.get_server_parameters(self.config)
self.delete_trigger_file()
self.restore_configuration_files()
return ret
def bootstrap(self, config):
""" Initialize a new node from scratch and start it. """
if self._initialize(config) and self.start() and self.run_bootstrap_post_init(config):
for name, value in (config.get('users') or {}).items():
if name not in (self._superuser.get('username'), self._replication['username']):
self.create_or_update_role(name, value['password'], value.get('options', []))
self.create_or_update_role(self._replication['username'], self._replication['password'], ['REPLICATION'])
else:
raise PostgresException("Could not bootstrap master PostgreSQL")
def move_data_directory(self):
if os.path.isdir(self._data_dir) and not self.is_running():
try:
new_name = '{0}_{1}'.format(self._data_dir, time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S'))
logger.info('renaming data directory to %s', new_name)
os.rename(self._data_dir, new_name)
except OSError:
logger.exception("Could not rename data directory %s", self._data_dir)
def remove_data_directory(self):
self.set_role('uninitialized')
logger.info('Removing data directory: %s', self._data_dir)
try:
if os.path.islink(self._data_dir):
os.unlink(self._data_dir)
elif not os.path.exists(self._data_dir):
return
elif os.path.isfile(self._data_dir):
os.remove(self._data_dir)
elif os.path.isdir(self._data_dir):
shutil.rmtree(self._data_dir)
except (IOError, OSError):
logger.exception('Could not remove data directory %s', self._data_dir)
self.move_data_directory()
def basebackup(self, conn_url, env):
# save environ to restore it later
old_env = os.environ.copy()
os.environ.clear()
os.environ.update(env)
# creates a replica data dir using pg_basebackup.
# this is the default, built-in create_replica_method
# tries twice, then returns failure (as 1)
# uses "stream" as the xlog-method to avoid sync issues
maxfailures = 2
ret = 1
for bbfailures in range(0, maxfailures):
if not self.data_directory_empty():
self.remove_data_directory()
try:
version = 0
with psycopg2.connect(conn_url + '?replication=1') as c:
version = c.server_version
ret = subprocess.call([self._pgcommand('pg_basebackup'), '--pgdata=' + self._data_dir,
'--{0}-method=stream'.format(self._wal_name(version)), '--dbname=' + conn_url])
if ret == 0:
break
else:
logger.error('Error when fetching backup: pg_basebackup exited with code=%s', ret)
except psycopg2.Error:
logger.error('Can not connect to %s', conn_url)
except Exception as e:
logger.error('Error when fetching backup with pg_basebackup: %s', e)
if bbfailures < maxfailures - 1:
logger.warning('Trying again in 5 seconds')
time.sleep(5)
# restore environ
os.environ.clear()
os.environ.update(old_env)
return ret
def pick_synchronous_standby(self, cluster):
"""Finds the best candidate to be the synchronous standby.
Current synchronous standby is always preferred, unless it has disconnected or does not want to be a
synchronous standby any longer.
:returns tuple of candidate name or None, and bool showing if the member is the active synchronous standby.
"""
current = cluster.sync.sync_standby
members = {m.name: m for m in cluster.members}
candidates = []
# Pick candidates based on who has flushed WAL farthest.
# TODO: for synchronous_commit = remote_write we actually want to order on write_location
for app_name, state, sync_state in self.query(
"""SELECT application_name, state, sync_state
FROM pg_stat_replication
ORDER BY flush_{0} DESC""".format(self.lsn_name)):
member = members.get(app_name)
if state != 'streaming' or not member or member.tags.get('nosync', False):
continue
if sync_state == 'sync':
return app_name, True
if sync_state == 'potential' and app_name == current:
# Prefer current even if not the best one any more to avoid indecisivness and spurious swaps.
return current, False
if sync_state == 'async':
candidates.append(app_name)
if candidates:
return candidates[0], False
return None, False
def set_synchronous_standby(self, name):
"""Sets a node to be synchronous standby and if changed does a reload for PostgreSQL."""
if name != self._synchronous_standby_names:
if name is None:
self._server_parameters.pop('synchronous_standby_names', None)
else:
self._server_parameters['synchronous_standby_names'] = name
self._synchronous_standby_names = name
self._write_postgresql_conf()
self.reload()
@staticmethod
def postgres_version_to_int(pg_version):
""" Convert the server_version to integer
>>> Postgresql.postgres_version_to_int('9.5.3')
90503
>>> Postgresql.postgres_version_to_int('9.3.13')
90313
>>> Postgresql.postgres_version_to_int('10.1')
100001
>>> Postgresql.postgres_version_to_int('10')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
Exception: Invalid PostgreSQL format: X.Y or X.Y.Z is accepted: 10
>>> Postgresql.postgres_version_to_int('a.b.c')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
Exception: Invalid PostgreSQL version: a.b.c
"""
components = pg_version.split('.')
result = []
if len(components) < 2 or len(components) > 3:
raise Exception("Invalid PostgreSQL format: X.Y or X.Y.Z is accepted: {0}".format(pg_version))
if len(components) == 2:
# new style verion numbers, i.e. 10.1 becomes 100001
components.insert(1, '0')
try:
result = [c if int(c) > 10 else '0{0}'.format(c) for c in components]
result = int(''.join(result))
except ValueError:
raise Exception("Invalid PostgreSQL version: {0}".format(pg_version))
return result
@staticmethod
def postgres_major_version_to_int(pg_version):
"""
>>> Postgresql.postgres_major_version_to_int('10')
100000
>>> Postgresql.postgres_major_version_to_int('9.6')
90600
"""
return Postgresql.postgres_version_to_int(pg_version + '.0')