Consider a following situation:
1. node1 is stressed so much that Patroni heart-beat can't run regularly and the leader lock expires.
2. node2 notice that there is no leader, gets the lock, promotes, and gets to a situation like it is described in 1.
3. Patroni on node1 finally wakes up, notice that Postgres is running as a primary, but without a leader lock and "happily" acquires the lock.
That is, node1 discarded promoting of node2, and the node2 after that it will not be possible to join the node2 back to the cluster, because pg_rewind is not possible when two nodes are on the same timeline.
To partially mitigate the problem we introduce an additional timeline check. If postgres is running as primary Patroni will consider it as a perfect candidate only if timeline isn't behind the last known cluster timeline recorder in the `/history` key. If postgres timeline is behind the cluster timeline postgres will be demoted to read-only. Further behavior would depend on `maximum_lag_on_failover` and `check_timeline` settings.
Since the `/history` key isn't updated instantly after promotion, there is still a short period of time when the issue could happen, but it seems that it is close to impossible to make it more reliable.
Close https://github.com/zalando/patroni/issues/2779
It was reported in #2779 that the primary was constantly logging messages like `Synchronous replication key updated by someone else`.
It happened after Patroni was stuck due to resource starvation. Key updates are performed using create_revision/mod_revision field, which value is taken from the internal cached. Hence, it is a clear symptom of stale cache.
Similar issues in K8s implementation were addressed by invalidating the cache and restarting watcher connections every time when update failed due to resource_version mismatch, so we do the same for Etcd3.
On Slack user reported that Patroni didn't run pg_rewind on one of the nodes after coming out of maintenance mode.
Steps that were executed:
0. The initial state: node1 - primary, node2 - replica
1. `patronictl pause`
2. On node2: pg_ctl promote
3. On node1: pg_ctl stop
4. Patroni on node1 notice that Postgres isn't running and removes the leader lock
5. Patroni on node2 notice that Postgres is running as a primary and takes the leader lock.
6. `patronictl resume`.
After that node1 started saying in logs:
`Waiting for checkpoint on node2 before rewind`.
Repeating this steps may not necessarily reproduce the problem, because presumably pg_rewind failed earlier on node1.
Such situation was possible because promote wasn't executed by Patroni and therefore `Rewind._state` wasn't explicitly reset and the code that ensures that CHECKPOINT after promote was run wasn't triggered.
As a mitigation following changes have been made:
1. retrigger pg_rewind checks after coming out of maintenance mode
2. run ensure CHECKPOINT after promote checks using `Rewind._state != REWIND_STATUS.CHECKPOINT` condition. It allowed to remove useless hook from `Postgresql.promote()`.
When we don't have permanent logical slots Patroni was updating the `/status` on every heart-beat loop even when LSN on the primary isn't moving forward.
The issue was introduced in the #2485
1. Take client certificates only from the `ctl` section. Motivation: sometimes there are server-only certificates that can't be used as client certificates. As a result neither Patroni not patronictl work correctly even if `--insecure` option is used.
2. Document that if `restapi.verify_client` is set to `required` then client certificates **must** be provided in the `ctl` section.
3. Add support for `ctl.authentication` and prefer to use it over `restapi.authentication`.
4. Silence annoying InsecureRequestWarning when `patronictl -k` is used, so that behavior becomes is similar to `curl -k`.
Includes:
* renaming of `_unready_logical_slots` to better represent that it is a processing queue which is emptied on successful completion.
* ensuring that return type is consistent.
* made logic variable names explicit to help explain how the decision of whether a slot is "ready" is made.
If one of backends crashed postmaster stops all backend and does crash recovery because shared memory could be corrupted. If something happens during this phase postgres may completely crash leaving pg_control with "in crash recovery" state.
Followup on #2726
To do that we use `pg_stat_get_wal_receiver()` function, which is available since 9.6. For older versions the `patronictl list` output and REST API responses remain as before.
In case if there is no wal receiver process we check if `restore_command` is set and show the state as `in archive recovery`.
Example of `patronictl list` output:
```bash
$ patronictl list
+ Cluster: batman -------------+---------+---------------------+----+-----------+
| Member | Host | Role | State | TL | Lag in MB |
+-------------+----------------+---------+---------------------+----+-----------+
| postgresql0 | 127.0.0.1:5432 | Leader | running | 12 | |
| postgresql1 | 127.0.0.1:5433 | Replica | in archive recovery | 12 | 0 |
+-------------+----------------+---------+---------------------+----+-----------+
$ patronictl list
+ Cluster: batman -------------+---------+-----------+----+-----------+
| Member | Host | Role | State | TL | Lag in MB |
+-------------+----------------+---------+-----------+----+-----------+
| postgresql0 | 127.0.0.1:5432 | Leader | running | 12 | |
| postgresql1 | 127.0.0.1:5433 | Replica | streaming | 12 | 0 |
+-------------+----------------+---------+-----------+----+-----------+
```
Example of REST API response:
```bash
$ curl -s localhost:8009 | jq .
{
"state": "running",
"postmaster_start_time": "2023-07-06 13:12:00.595118+02:00",
"role": "replica",
"server_version": 150003,
"xlog": {
"received_location": 335544480,
"replayed_location": 335544480,
"replayed_timestamp": null,
"paused": false
},
"timeline": 12,
"replication_state": "in archive recovery",
"dcs_last_seen": 1688642069,
"database_system_identifier": "7252327498286490579",
"patroni": {
"version": "3.0.3",
"scope": "batman"
}
}
$ curl -s localhost:8009 | jq .
{
"state": "running",
"postmaster_start_time": "2023-07-06 13:12:00.595118+02:00",
"role": "replica",
"server_version": 150003,
"xlog": {
"received_location": 335544816,
"replayed_location": 335544816,
"replayed_timestamp": null,
"paused": false
},
"timeline": 12,
"replication_state": "streaming",
"dcs_last_seen": 1688642089,
"database_system_identifier": "7252327498286490579",
"patroni": {
"version": "3.0.3",
"scope": "batman"
}
}
```
Refactor allowed_keys method as a class variable
Method does not perform any computation or modify data as it is a static
tuple, therefore it is better expressed as a class variable.
- make sure that physical replication slots are created even before the promote happened (when async executor is busy with promote).
- execute `txid_current()` with `synchronous_commit=off` so it doesn't accidentally wait for absent synchronous standbys when `synchronous_mode_strict` is enable and `synchronous_standby_names=*`. These standbys can't connect because replication slots weren't there.
- `synchronous_standby_names` wasn't set to `*` after bootstrap with `synchronous_mode` and `synchronous_mode_strict`.
- add `-c statement_timeout=0` to `PGOPTIONS` when executing `post_bootstrap` script.
Close https://github.com/zalando/patroni/issues/2738
If we know for sure that a few moments ago postgres was still running as a primary and we still have the leader lock and can successfully update it, in this case we can safely start postgres back not in recovery. That will allow to avoid bumping timeline without a reason and hopefully improve reliability because it will address issues similar to #2720.
In addition to that remove `if self.state_handler.is_starting()` check from the `recover()` method. This branch could never be reached because the `starting` state is handled earlier in the `_run_cycle()`. Besides that remove redundant `self._crash_recovery_executed`.
P.S. now we do not cover cases when Patroni was killed along with Postgres.
Lets consider that we just started Patroni, there is no leader, and `pg_controldata` reports `Database cluster state` as `shut down`. It feels logical to use `Latest checkpoint location` and `Latest checkpoint's TimeLineID` to do a usual leader race and start directly as a primary, but it could be totally wrong. The thing is that we run `postgres --single` if standby wasn't shut down cleanly before executing `pg_rewind`. As a result `Database cluster state` transition from `in archive recovery` to `shut down`, but if such a node becomes a leader the timeline must be increased.
Reorder some checks and verify that the old primary is already in the `running` state before checking replication. This check elliminates the race condition when replication started to work but node name is removed from the `synchronous_standby_names` because state isn't `running`.
When starting check if node with the same is registered in DCS and try to query it's REST API.
If REST API is accessible exit with the error.
Close#1804
Previously, integer gucs, for example `max_connections` would not pass the validation, as these settings have no unit, if and only if they were specified as a string.
This causes problems if the `max_connections` is configured in `patroni.yaml` as a string, for example, the following configuration would not result in the right `max_connections` settings, as `max_connections` is configured as a string:
bootstrap:
dcs:
postgresql:
parameters:
log_checkpoints: "on"
log_connections: "off"
max_connections: "57"
Allowing a user to specify *all* parameters as a string was accepted before in Patroni and also seems very useful, as many of us will be using Ansible/Helm/Golang to build a Patroni configuration, in which creating a `map[string]string` is easier than having to deal with data types.
Attemps to address issue #2735
Regression was introduced in https://github.com/zalando/patroni/commit/76b3b99de2f2bfaa8ab2df9e47dbfc3749d14e84
