Add pending restart reason information (#2978)

Provide info about the PG parameters that caused "pending restart"
flag to be set. Both `patronictl list` and `/patroni` REST API endpoint
now show the parameters names and the diff as the "pending restart
reason".

tests/test_bootstrap.py

@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ import sys
 from mock import Mock, PropertyMock, patch
 
 from patroni.async_executor import CriticalTask
+from patroni.collections import CaseInsensitiveDict
 from patroni.postgresql import Postgresql
 from patroni.postgresql.bootstrap import Bootstrap
 from patroni.postgresql.cancellable import CancellableSubprocess
-from patroni.postgresql.config import ConfigHandler
+from patroni.postgresql.config import ConfigHandler, get_param_diff
 
 from . import psycopg_connect, BaseTestPostgresql, mock_available_gucs
 
@@ -245,8 +246,9 @@ class TestBootstrap(BaseTestPostgresql):
         self.assertTrue(task.result)
 
         self.b.bootstrap(config)
-        with patch.object(Postgresql, 'pending_restart', PropertyMock(return_value=True)), \
-                patch.object(Postgresql, 'restart', Mock()) as mock_restart:
+        with patch.object(Postgresql, 'pending_restart_reason',
+                          PropertyMock(CaseInsensitiveDict({'max_connections': get_param_diff('200', '100')}))), \
+             patch.object(Postgresql, 'restart', Mock()) as mock_restart:
             self.b.post_bootstrap({}, task)
             mock_restart.assert_called_once()