diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 85dfeab3..0e8456e0 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -2236,6 +2236,30 @@ dependencies = [
  "zbus",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ironclaw-bench"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "async-trait",
+ "chrono",
+ "clap",
+ "futures",
+ "ironclaw",
+ "regex",
+ "rust_decimal",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "tempfile",
+ "thiserror 2.0.18",
+ "tokio",
+ "tokio-stream",
+ "toml",
+ "tracing",
+ "tracing-subscriber",
+ "uuid",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "is-docker"
 version = "0.2.0"
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 6fc39003..a23752d4 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+[workspace]
+members = [".", "benchmarks"]
+
 [package]
 name = "ironclaw"
 version = "0.1.0"
diff --git a/benchmarks/Cargo.toml b/benchmarks/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0ad3ef35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+[package]
+name = "ironclaw-bench"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2024"
+rust-version = "1.85"
+description = "Benchmarking harness for IronClaw agent"
+license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
+
+[[bin]]
+name = "ironclaw-bench"
+path = "src/main.rs"
+
+[dependencies]
+ironclaw = { path = ".." }
+
+# Async runtime
+tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full"] }
+tokio-stream = { version = "0.1", features = ["sync"] }
+futures = "0.3"
+
+# Serialization
+serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
+serde_json = "1"
+toml = "0.8"
+
+# CLI
+clap = { version = "4", features = ["derive"] }
+
+# Core types
+uuid = { version = "1", features = ["v4", "serde"] }
+chrono = { version = "0.4", features = ["serde"] }
+rust_decimal = { version = "1", features = ["serde", "serde-with-str"] }
+
+# Error handling
+thiserror = "2"
+anyhow = "1"
+
+# Async traits
+async-trait = "0.1"
+
+# Logging
+tracing = "0.1"
+tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter"] }
+
+# Scoring
+regex = "1"
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+tempfile = "3"
diff --git a/benchmarks/src/adapters/custom.rs b/benchmarks/src/adapters/custom.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2b9c5272
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/src/adapters/custom.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+use std::io::BufRead;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use serde::Deserialize;
+
+use crate::error::BenchError;
+use crate::scoring;
+use crate::suite::{BenchScore, BenchSuite, BenchTask, TaskSubmission};
+
+/// A single entry in the custom JSONL format.
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+struct CustomEntry {
+    id: String,
+    prompt: String,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    context: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    tags: Vec<String>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    expected: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    expected_contains: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    expected_regex: Option<String>,
+    /// "exact", "contains", "regex", or "llm" (default: "exact")
+    #[serde(default = "default_scorer")]
+    scorer: String,
+}
+
+fn default_scorer() -> String {
+    "exact".to_string()
+}
+
+/// Custom JSONL benchmark suite.
+///
+/// Each line of the JSONL file is a task with `id`, `prompt`, and scoring
+/// criteria (`expected`, `expected_contains`, `expected_regex`).
+pub struct CustomSuite {
+    dataset_path: PathBuf,
+}
+
+impl CustomSuite {
+    pub fn new(dataset_path: impl Into<PathBuf>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            dataset_path: dataset_path.into(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl BenchSuite for CustomSuite {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "Custom JSONL"
+    }
+
+    fn id(&self) -> &str {
+        "custom"
+    }
+
+    async fn load_tasks(&self) -> Result<Vec<BenchTask>, BenchError> {
+        let file = std::fs::File::open(&self.dataset_path).map_err(BenchError::Io)?;
+        let reader = std::io::BufReader::new(file);
+        let mut tasks = Vec::new();
+
+        for (line_num, line) in reader.lines().enumerate() {
+            let line = line?;
+            let trimmed = line.trim();
+            if trimmed.is_empty() {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let entry: CustomEntry = serde_json::from_str(trimmed)
+                .map_err(|e| BenchError::Config(format!("line {}: {}", line_num + 1, e)))?;
+
+            let mut metadata = serde_json::json!({
+                "scorer": entry.scorer,
+            });
+            if let Some(ref expected) = entry.expected {
+                metadata["expected"] = serde_json::Value::String(expected.clone());
+            }
+            if let Some(ref expected_contains) = entry.expected_contains {
+                metadata["expected_contains"] =
+                    serde_json::Value::String(expected_contains.clone());
+            }
+            if let Some(ref expected_regex) = entry.expected_regex {
+                metadata["expected_regex"] = serde_json::Value::String(expected_regex.clone());
+            }
+
+            tasks.push(BenchTask {
+                id: entry.id,
+                prompt: entry.prompt,
+                context: entry.context,
+                resources: vec![],
+                tags: entry.tags,
+                expected_turns: None,
+                timeout: None,
+                metadata,
+            });
+        }
+
+        Ok(tasks)
+    }
+
+    async fn score(
+        &self,
+        task: &BenchTask,
+        submission: &TaskSubmission,
+    ) -> Result<BenchScore, BenchError> {
+        let scorer = task
+            .metadata
+            .get("scorer")
+            .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
+            .unwrap_or("exact");
+
+        match scorer {
+            "exact" => {
+                if let Some(expected) = task.metadata.get("expected").and_then(|v| v.as_str()) {
+                    Ok(scoring::exact_match(expected, &submission.response))
+                } else {
+                    Err(BenchError::Scoring {
+                        task_id: task.id.clone(),
+                        reason: "no 'expected' field for exact scoring".to_string(),
+                    })
+                }
+            }
+            "contains" => {
+                if let Some(expected) = task
+                    .metadata
+                    .get("expected_contains")
+                    .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
+                {
+                    Ok(scoring::contains_match(expected, &submission.response))
+                } else {
+                    Err(BenchError::Scoring {
+                        task_id: task.id.clone(),
+                        reason: "no 'expected_contains' field for contains scoring".to_string(),
+                    })
+                }
+            }
+            "regex" => {
+                if let Some(pattern) = task.metadata.get("expected_regex").and_then(|v| v.as_str())
+                {
+                    Ok(scoring::regex_match(pattern, &submission.response))
+                } else {
+                    Err(BenchError::Scoring {
+                        task_id: task.id.clone(),
+                        reason: "no 'expected_regex' field for regex scoring".to_string(),
+                    })
+                }
+            }
+            "llm" => {
+                // TODO: LLM-as-judge scoring
+                Ok(BenchScore::partial(0.5, "LLM scoring not yet implemented"))
+            }
+            other => Err(BenchError::Scoring {
+                task_id: task.id.clone(),
+                reason: format!("unknown scorer: {other}"),
+            }),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use std::io::Write;
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_custom_load_tasks() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let path = dir.path().join("tasks.jsonl");
+        let mut file = std::fs::File::create(&path).unwrap();
+        writeln!(
+            file,
+            r#"{{"id": "t1", "prompt": "What is 2+2?", "expected": "4"}}"#
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        writeln!(
+            file,
+            r#"{{"id": "t2", "prompt": "Say hello", "expected_contains": "hello", "scorer": "contains"}}"#
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let suite = CustomSuite::new(&path);
+        let tasks = suite.load_tasks().await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(tasks.len(), 2);
+        assert_eq!(tasks[0].id, "t1");
+        assert_eq!(tasks[1].id, "t2");
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_custom_exact_scoring() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let path = dir.path().join("tasks.jsonl");
+        let mut file = std::fs::File::create(&path).unwrap();
+        writeln!(
+            file,
+            r#"{{"id": "t1", "prompt": "What is 2+2?", "expected": "4"}}"#
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let suite = CustomSuite::new(&path);
+        let tasks = suite.load_tasks().await.unwrap();
+
+        let submission = TaskSubmission {
+            response: "4".to_string(),
+            conversation: vec![],
+            tool_calls: vec![],
+        };
+        let score = suite.score(&tasks[0], &submission).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(score.value, 1.0);
+        assert_eq!(score.label, "pass");
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_custom_contains_scoring() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let path = dir.path().join("tasks.jsonl");
+        let mut file = std::fs::File::create(&path).unwrap();
+        writeln!(
+            file,
+            r#"{{"id": "t1", "prompt": "Greet me", "expected_contains": "hello", "scorer": "contains"}}"#
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let suite = CustomSuite::new(&path);
+        let tasks = suite.load_tasks().await.unwrap();
+
+        let submission = TaskSubmission {
+            response: "Hello there!".to_string(),
+            conversation: vec![],
+            tool_calls: vec![],
+        };
+        let score = suite.score(&tasks[0], &submission).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(score.value, 1.0);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/benchmarks/src/adapters/gaia.rs b/benchmarks/src/adapters/gaia.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..82bf773d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/src/adapters/gaia.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+use std::io::BufRead;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use serde::Deserialize;
+
+use crate::error::BenchError;
+use crate::scoring;
+use crate::suite::{BenchScore, BenchSuite, BenchTask, TaskResource, TaskSubmission};
+
+/// GAIA dataset entry (Hugging Face JSONL format).
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+struct GaiaEntry {
+    task_id: String,
+    #[serde(alias = "Question")]
+    question: String,
+    #[serde(alias = "Final answer", alias = "final_answer")]
+    final_answer: String,
+    #[serde(alias = "Level", default)]
+    level: Option<u32>,
+    #[serde(alias = "file_name", default)]
+    file_name: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(alias = "Annotator Metadata", default)]
+    annotator_metadata: Option<serde_json::Value>,
+}
+
+/// GAIA benchmark suite.
+///
+/// Tasks are loaded from HuggingFace JSONL exports. Scoring uses normalized
+/// exact match against the `final_answer` field.
+pub struct GaiaSuite {
+    dataset_path: PathBuf,
+    attachments_dir: Option<PathBuf>,
+}
+
+impl GaiaSuite {
+    pub fn new(
+        dataset_path: impl Into<PathBuf>,
+        attachments_dir: Option<impl Into<PathBuf>>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            dataset_path: dataset_path.into(),
+            attachments_dir: attachments_dir.map(|d| d.into()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl BenchSuite for GaiaSuite {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "GAIA"
+    }
+
+    fn id(&self) -> &str {
+        "gaia"
+    }
+
+    async fn load_tasks(&self) -> Result<Vec<BenchTask>, BenchError> {
+        let file = std::fs::File::open(&self.dataset_path)?;
+        let reader = std::io::BufReader::new(file);
+        let mut tasks = Vec::new();
+
+        for (line_num, line) in reader.lines().enumerate() {
+            let line = line?;
+            let trimmed = line.trim();
+            if trimmed.is_empty() {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let entry: GaiaEntry = serde_json::from_str(trimmed)
+                .map_err(|e| BenchError::Config(format!("GAIA line {}: {}", line_num + 1, e)))?;
+
+            let mut resources = Vec::new();
+            if let Some(ref file_name) = entry.file_name {
+                if !file_name.is_empty() {
+                    if let Some(ref dir) = self.attachments_dir {
+                        resources.push(TaskResource {
+                            name: file_name.clone(),
+                            path: dir.join(file_name).to_string_lossy().to_string(),
+                            resource_type: crate::suite::ResourceType::File,
+                        });
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            let mut tags = Vec::new();
+            if let Some(level) = entry.level {
+                tags.push(format!("level-{level}"));
+            }
+
+            let metadata = serde_json::json!({
+                "expected": entry.final_answer,
+                "level": entry.level,
+            });
+
+            tasks.push(BenchTask {
+                id: entry.task_id,
+                prompt: entry.question,
+                context: None,
+                resources,
+                tags,
+                expected_turns: None,
+                timeout: None,
+                metadata,
+            });
+        }
+
+        Ok(tasks)
+    }
+
+    async fn score(
+        &self,
+        task: &BenchTask,
+        submission: &TaskSubmission,
+    ) -> Result<BenchScore, BenchError> {
+        let expected = task
+            .metadata
+            .get("expected")
+            .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
+            .ok_or_else(|| BenchError::Scoring {
+                task_id: task.id.clone(),
+                reason: "missing expected answer in metadata".to_string(),
+            })?;
+
+        Ok(scoring::exact_match(expected, &submission.response))
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use std::io::Write;
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_gaia_load_tasks() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let path = dir.path().join("gaia.jsonl");
+        let mut file = std::fs::File::create(&path).unwrap();
+        writeln!(
+            file,
+            r#"{{"task_id": "g1", "question": "What is the capital of France?", "final_answer": "Paris", "Level": 1}}"#
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let suite = GaiaSuite::new(&path, None::<PathBuf>);
+        let tasks = suite.load_tasks().await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(tasks.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(tasks[0].id, "g1");
+        assert!(tasks[0].tags.contains(&"level-1".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_gaia_scoring() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let path = dir.path().join("gaia.jsonl");
+        let mut file = std::fs::File::create(&path).unwrap();
+        writeln!(
+            file,
+            r#"{{"task_id": "g1", "question": "Capital of France?", "final_answer": "Paris"}}"#
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let suite = GaiaSuite::new(&path, None::<PathBuf>);
+        let tasks = suite.load_tasks().await.unwrap();
+
+        // Exact match (case insensitive)
+        let submission = TaskSubmission {
+            response: "paris".to_string(),
+            conversation: vec![],
+            tool_calls: vec![],
+        };
+        let score = suite.score(&tasks[0], &submission).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(score.value, 1.0);
+
+        // Wrong answer
+        let submission = TaskSubmission {
+            response: "London".to_string(),
+            conversation: vec![],
+            tool_calls: vec![],
+        };
+        let score = suite.score(&tasks[0], &submission).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(score.value, 0.0);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/benchmarks/src/adapters/mod.rs b/benchmarks/src/adapters/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7665f96d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/src/adapters/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+pub mod custom;
+pub mod gaia;
+pub mod swe_bench;
+pub mod tau_bench;
+
+use crate::config::BenchConfig;
+use crate::error::BenchError;
+use crate::suite::BenchSuite;
+
+/// List of all known suite IDs.
+pub const KNOWN_SUITES: &[(&str, &str)] = &[
+    ("custom", "Custom JSONL tasks"),
+    ("gaia", "GAIA benchmark (knowledge & reasoning)"),
+    ("tau_bench", "Tau-bench (multi-turn tool use)"),
+    ("swe_bench", "SWE-bench Pro (software engineering)"),
+];
+
+/// Create a suite adapter by name.
+pub fn create_suite(name: &str, config: &BenchConfig) -> Result<Box<dyn BenchSuite>, BenchError> {
+    let suite_map = config.suite_config_map();
+    match name {
+        "custom" => {
+            let dataset_path = suite_map
+                .get("dataset_path")
+                .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
+                .map(|s| s.to_string())
+                .ok_or_else(|| {
+                    BenchError::Config(
+                        "suite_config.dataset_path is required for 'custom' suite".to_string(),
+                    )
+                })?;
+            Ok(Box::new(custom::CustomSuite::new(dataset_path)))
+        }
+        "gaia" => {
+            let dataset_path = suite_map
+                .get("dataset_path")
+                .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
+                .map(|s| s.to_string())
+                .ok_or_else(|| {
+                    BenchError::Config(
+                        "suite_config.dataset_path is required for 'gaia' suite".to_string(),
+                    )
+                })?;
+            let attachments_dir = suite_map
+                .get("attachments_dir")
+                .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
+                .map(|s| s.to_string());
+            Ok(Box::new(gaia::GaiaSuite::new(
+                dataset_path,
+                attachments_dir,
+            )))
+        }
+        "tau_bench" => {
+            let dataset_path = suite_map
+                .get("dataset_path")
+                .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
+                .map(|s| s.to_string())
+                .ok_or_else(|| {
+                    BenchError::Config(
+                        "suite_config.dataset_path is required for 'tau_bench' suite".to_string(),
+                    )
+                })?;
+            let domain = suite_map
+                .get("domain")
+                .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
+                .unwrap_or("retail")
+                .to_string();
+            Ok(Box::new(tau_bench::TauBenchSuite::new(
+                dataset_path,
+                domain,
+            )))
+        }
+        "swe_bench" => {
+            let dataset_path = suite_map
+                .get("dataset_path")
+                .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
+                .map(|s| s.to_string())
+                .ok_or_else(|| {
+                    BenchError::Config(
+                        "suite_config.dataset_path is required for 'swe_bench' suite".to_string(),
+                    )
+                })?;
+            let workspace_dir = suite_map
+                .get("workspace_dir")
+                .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
+                .unwrap_or("/tmp/swe-bench")
+                .to_string();
+            let use_docker = suite_map
+                .get("use_docker")
+                .and_then(|v| v.as_bool())
+                .unwrap_or(false);
+            Ok(Box::new(swe_bench::SweBenchSuite::new(
+                dataset_path,
+                workspace_dir,
+                use_docker,
+            )))
+        }
+        _ => {
+            let available = KNOWN_SUITES
+                .iter()
+                .map(|(id, _)| *id)
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                .join(", ");
+            Err(BenchError::SuiteNotFound {
+                name: name.to_string(),
+                available,
+            })
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/benchmarks/src/adapters/swe_bench.rs b/benchmarks/src/adapters/swe_bench.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2d97129a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/src/adapters/swe_bench.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+use std::io::BufRead;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use serde::Deserialize;
+
+use crate::error::BenchError;
+use crate::suite::{BenchScore, BenchSuite, BenchTask, TaskSubmission};
+
+/// SWE-bench dataset entry.
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+struct SweBenchEntry {
+    instance_id: String,
+    repo: String,
+    base_commit: String,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    problem_statement: String,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    hints_text: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    test_patch: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    patch: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// SWE-bench Pro: real-world software engineering tasks.
+///
+/// Each task clones a repo at a specific commit, presents the problem statement,
+/// and expects the agent to produce a patch. Scoring runs the test suite.
+pub struct SweBenchSuite {
+    dataset_path: PathBuf,
+    workspace_dir: PathBuf,
+    use_docker: bool,
+}
+
+impl SweBenchSuite {
+    pub fn new(
+        dataset_path: impl Into<PathBuf>,
+        workspace_dir: impl Into<PathBuf>,
+        use_docker: bool,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            dataset_path: dataset_path.into(),
+            workspace_dir: workspace_dir.into(),
+            use_docker,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl BenchSuite for SweBenchSuite {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "SWE-bench Pro"
+    }
+
+    fn id(&self) -> &str {
+        "swe_bench"
+    }
+
+    async fn load_tasks(&self) -> Result<Vec<BenchTask>, BenchError> {
+        let file = std::fs::File::open(&self.dataset_path)?;
+        let reader = std::io::BufReader::new(file);
+        let mut tasks = Vec::new();
+
+        for (line_num, line) in reader.lines().enumerate() {
+            let line = line?;
+            let trimmed = line.trim();
+            if trimmed.is_empty() {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let entry: SweBenchEntry = serde_json::from_str(trimmed).map_err(|e| {
+                BenchError::Config(format!("swe_bench line {}: {}", line_num + 1, e))
+            })?;
+
+            let metadata = serde_json::json!({
+                "repo": entry.repo,
+                "base_commit": entry.base_commit,
+                "test_patch": entry.test_patch,
+                "gold_patch": entry.patch,
+                "use_docker": self.use_docker,
+                "workspace_dir": self.workspace_dir.to_string_lossy(),
+            });
+
+            let prompt = if let Some(ref hints) = entry.hints_text {
+                format!("{}\n\nHints:\n{}", entry.problem_statement, hints)
+            } else {
+                entry.problem_statement
+            };
+
+            tasks.push(BenchTask {
+                id: entry.instance_id,
+                prompt,
+                context: Some(format!(
+                    "Repository: {}, Commit: {}",
+                    entry.repo, entry.base_commit
+                )),
+                resources: vec![],
+                tags: vec![format!("repo-{}", entry.repo.replace('/', "-"))],
+                expected_turns: None,
+                timeout: None,
+                metadata,
+            });
+        }
+
+        Ok(tasks)
+    }
+
+    async fn setup_task(&self, task: &BenchTask) -> Result<(), BenchError> {
+        let repo = task
+            .metadata
+            .get("repo")
+            .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
+            .ok_or_else(|| BenchError::TaskFailed {
+                task_id: task.id.clone(),
+                reason: "missing repo in metadata".to_string(),
+            })?;
+        let base_commit = task
+            .metadata
+            .get("base_commit")
+            .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
+            .ok_or_else(|| BenchError::TaskFailed {
+                task_id: task.id.clone(),
+                reason: "missing base_commit in metadata".to_string(),
+            })?;
+
+        let task_dir = self.workspace_dir.join(&task.id);
+
+        // Clone repo if not already present
+        if !task_dir.exists() {
+            let repo_url = format!("https://github.com/{}.git", repo);
+            let output = tokio::process::Command::new("git")
+                .args([
+                    "clone",
+                    "--depth",
+                    "1",
+                    &repo_url,
+                    &task_dir.to_string_lossy(),
+                ])
+                .output()
+                .await
+                .map_err(|e| BenchError::TaskFailed {
+                    task_id: task.id.clone(),
+                    reason: format!("git clone failed: {e}"),
+                })?;
+
+            if !output.status.success() {
+                let stderr = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr);
+                return Err(BenchError::TaskFailed {
+                    task_id: task.id.clone(),
+                    reason: format!("git clone failed: {stderr}"),
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Checkout the base commit
+        let output = tokio::process::Command::new("git")
+            .args(["checkout", base_commit])
+            .current_dir(&task_dir)
+            .output()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| BenchError::TaskFailed {
+                task_id: task.id.clone(),
+                reason: format!("git checkout failed: {e}"),
+            })?;
+
+        if !output.status.success() {
+            // Shallow clone might not have the commit; fetch more history
+            let _ = tokio::process::Command::new("git")
+                .args(["fetch", "--unshallow"])
+                .current_dir(&task_dir)
+                .output()
+                .await;
+
+            let output = tokio::process::Command::new("git")
+                .args(["checkout", base_commit])
+                .current_dir(&task_dir)
+                .output()
+                .await
+                .map_err(|e| BenchError::TaskFailed {
+                    task_id: task.id.clone(),
+                    reason: format!("git checkout retry failed: {e}"),
+                })?;
+
+            if !output.status.success() {
+                let stderr = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr);
+                return Err(BenchError::TaskFailed {
+                    task_id: task.id.clone(),
+                    reason: format!("git checkout failed: {stderr}"),
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn teardown_task(&self, task: &BenchTask) -> Result<(), BenchError> {
+        let task_dir = self.workspace_dir.join(&task.id);
+        if task_dir.exists() {
+            // Reset any changes
+            let _ = tokio::process::Command::new("git")
+                .args(["checkout", "."])
+                .current_dir(&task_dir)
+                .output()
+                .await;
+            let _ = tokio::process::Command::new("git")
+                .args(["clean", "-fdx"])
+                .current_dir(&task_dir)
+                .output()
+                .await;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn score(
+        &self,
+        task: &BenchTask,
+        submission: &TaskSubmission,
+    ) -> Result<BenchScore, BenchError> {
+        // For SWE-bench, scoring requires running the test patch against the agent's changes.
+        // This is a simplified version that checks if the agent produced any code changes.
+
+        let test_patch = task.metadata.get("test_patch").and_then(|v| v.as_str());
+
+        if submission.response.is_empty() {
+            return Ok(BenchScore::fail("no response from agent"));
+        }
+
+        // If we have a test patch, try to verify the submission
+        if let Some(_test_patch) = test_patch {
+            // TODO: Apply agent's patch, then apply test patch, then run tests.
+            // For now, give partial credit if the agent produced some output.
+            Ok(BenchScore::partial(
+                0.25,
+                "test execution not yet implemented; partial credit for response",
+            ))
+        } else {
+            // No test patch available; can't automatically score
+            Ok(BenchScore::partial(
+                0.25,
+                "no test_patch available for automated scoring",
+            ))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use std::io::Write;
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_swe_bench_load() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let path = dir.path().join("swe.jsonl");
+        let mut file = std::fs::File::create(&path).unwrap();
+        writeln!(
+            file,
+            r#"{{"instance_id": "django__django-12345", "repo": "django/django", "base_commit": "abc123", "problem_statement": "Fix the ORM bug"}}"#
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let suite = SweBenchSuite::new(&path, "/tmp/swe-test", false);
+        let tasks = suite.load_tasks().await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(tasks.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(tasks[0].id, "django__django-12345");
+        assert!(tasks[0].tags.contains(&"repo-django-django".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_swe_bench_scoring_no_response() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let path = dir.path().join("swe.jsonl");
+        let mut file = std::fs::File::create(&path).unwrap();
+        writeln!(
+            file,
+            r#"{{"instance_id": "s1", "repo": "org/repo", "base_commit": "abc", "problem_statement": "Fix bug"}}"#
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let suite = SweBenchSuite::new(&path, "/tmp/swe-test", false);
+        let tasks = suite.load_tasks().await.unwrap();
+
+        let submission = TaskSubmission {
+            response: String::new(),
+            conversation: vec![],
+            tool_calls: vec![],
+        };
+        let score = suite.score(&tasks[0], &submission).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(score.value, 0.0);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/benchmarks/src/adapters/tau_bench.rs b/benchmarks/src/adapters/tau_bench.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1fa2b391
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/src/adapters/tau_bench.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+use std::io::BufRead;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use serde::Deserialize;
+
+use crate::error::BenchError;
+use crate::suite::{BenchScore, BenchSuite, BenchTask, ConversationTurn, TaskSubmission};
+
+/// Tau-bench task entry.
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+struct TauBenchEntry {
+    id: String,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    domain: String,
+    instruction: String,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    user_persona: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    expected_state: Option<serde_json::Value>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    expected_actions: Vec<String>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    max_turns: Option<usize>,
+}
+
+/// Tau-bench: multi-turn tool-calling dialog benchmark.
+///
+/// Tests agent ability to handle customer service scenarios with simulated
+/// domain APIs (retail, airline). Scoring compares final state against expected.
+pub struct TauBenchSuite {
+    dataset_path: PathBuf,
+    domain: String,
+}
+
+impl TauBenchSuite {
+    pub fn new(dataset_path: impl Into<PathBuf>, domain: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            dataset_path: dataset_path.into(),
+            domain: domain.into(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl BenchSuite for TauBenchSuite {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "Tau-bench"
+    }
+
+    fn id(&self) -> &str {
+        "tau_bench"
+    }
+
+    async fn load_tasks(&self) -> Result<Vec<BenchTask>, BenchError> {
+        let file = std::fs::File::open(&self.dataset_path)?;
+        let reader = std::io::BufReader::new(file);
+        let mut tasks = Vec::new();
+
+        for (line_num, line) in reader.lines().enumerate() {
+            let line = line?;
+            let trimmed = line.trim();
+            if trimmed.is_empty() {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let entry: TauBenchEntry = serde_json::from_str(trimmed).map_err(|e| {
+                BenchError::Config(format!("tau_bench line {}: {}", line_num + 1, e))
+            })?;
+
+            let domain = if entry.domain.is_empty() {
+                self.domain.clone()
+            } else {
+                entry.domain.clone()
+            };
+
+            let metadata = serde_json::json!({
+                "domain": domain,
+                "user_persona": entry.user_persona,
+                "expected_state": entry.expected_state,
+                "expected_actions": entry.expected_actions,
+            });
+
+            tasks.push(BenchTask {
+                id: entry.id,
+                prompt: entry.instruction,
+                context: entry.user_persona.clone(),
+                resources: vec![],
+                tags: vec![format!("domain-{domain}")],
+                expected_turns: entry.max_turns,
+                timeout: None,
+                metadata,
+            });
+        }
+
+        Ok(tasks)
+    }
+
+    async fn score(
+        &self,
+        task: &BenchTask,
+        submission: &TaskSubmission,
+    ) -> Result<BenchScore, BenchError> {
+        // Score based on expected actions completion
+        let expected_actions: Vec<String> = task
+            .metadata
+            .get("expected_actions")
+            .and_then(|v| serde_json::from_value(v.clone()).ok())
+            .unwrap_or_default();
+
+        if expected_actions.is_empty() {
+            // No expected actions defined; score based on whether agent responded
+            if submission.response.is_empty() {
+                return Ok(BenchScore::fail("no response"));
+            }
+            return Ok(BenchScore::partial(
+                0.5,
+                "no expected_actions to evaluate against",
+            ));
+        }
+
+        // Check which expected actions were actually called
+        let called: std::collections::HashSet<&str> =
+            submission.tool_calls.iter().map(|s| s.as_str()).collect();
+        let matched = expected_actions
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|a| called.contains(a.as_str()))
+            .count();
+
+        let ratio = matched as f64 / expected_actions.len() as f64;
+        if ratio >= 1.0 {
+            Ok(BenchScore::pass())
+        } else if ratio > 0.0 {
+            Ok(BenchScore::partial(
+                ratio,
+                format!(
+                    "{}/{} expected actions completed",
+                    matched,
+                    expected_actions.len()
+                ),
+            ))
+        } else {
+            Ok(BenchScore::fail(format!(
+                "0/{} expected actions completed",
+                expected_actions.len()
+            )))
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn next_user_message(
+        &self,
+        task: &BenchTask,
+        conversation: &[ConversationTurn],
+    ) -> Result<Option<String>, BenchError> {
+        // Check if we've exceeded max turns
+        if let Some(max) = task.expected_turns {
+            let user_turns = conversation
+                .iter()
+                .filter(|t| matches!(t.role, crate::suite::TurnRole::User))
+                .count();
+            if user_turns >= max {
+                return Ok(None);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // For now, multi-turn simulation requires an LLM (not implemented yet).
+        // Return None to end after the first turn.
+        // TODO: Use LLM to simulate customer based on user_persona.
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use std::io::Write;
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_tau_bench_load() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let path = dir.path().join("tau.jsonl");
+        let mut file = std::fs::File::create(&path).unwrap();
+        writeln!(
+            file,
+            r#"{{"id": "t1", "instruction": "Return my order", "expected_actions": ["lookup_order", "process_return"], "max_turns": 3}}"#
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let suite = TauBenchSuite::new(&path, "retail");
+        let tasks = suite.load_tasks().await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(tasks.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(tasks[0].expected_turns, Some(3));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_tau_bench_scoring() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let path = dir.path().join("tau.jsonl");
+        let mut file = std::fs::File::create(&path).unwrap();
+        writeln!(
+            file,
+            r#"{{"id": "t1", "instruction": "Return order", "expected_actions": ["lookup_order", "process_return"]}}"#
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let suite = TauBenchSuite::new(&path, "retail");
+        let tasks = suite.load_tasks().await.unwrap();
+
+        // Partial completion
+        let submission = TaskSubmission {
+            response: "I found your order.".to_string(),
+            conversation: vec![],
+            tool_calls: vec!["lookup_order".to_string()],
+        };
+        let score = suite.score(&tasks[0], &submission).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(score.value, 0.5);
+        assert_eq!(score.label, "partial");
+
+        // Full completion
+        let submission = TaskSubmission {
+            response: "Return processed.".to_string(),
+            conversation: vec![],
+            tool_calls: vec!["lookup_order".to_string(), "process_return".to_string()],
+        };
+        let score = suite.score(&tasks[0], &submission).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(score.value, 1.0);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/benchmarks/src/channel.rs b/benchmarks/src/channel.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..71ffe91e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/src/channel.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use tokio::sync::{Mutex, mpsc};
+use tokio_stream::wrappers::ReceiverStream;
+
+use ironclaw::channels::{Channel, IncomingMessage, MessageStream, OutgoingResponse, StatusUpdate};
+use ironclaw::error::ChannelError;
+
+use crate::results::TraceToolCall;
+use crate::suite::ConversationTurn;
+
+/// Captured state from a benchmark channel run.
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub struct ChannelCapture {
+    /// All responses the agent sent back.
+    pub responses: Vec<String>,
+    /// Tool calls observed (name, success, duration_ms).
+    pub tool_calls: Vec<TraceToolCall>,
+    /// Full conversation turns for multi-turn scoring.
+    pub conversation: Vec<ConversationTurn>,
+    /// Status messages (for debugging).
+    pub status_log: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+/// A headless Channel implementation for benchmarking.
+///
+/// Modeled after `ReplChannel`: uses mpsc to inject messages and captures
+/// all responses and tool status events. Auto-approves tool execution
+/// so benchmarks run without user interaction.
+pub struct BenchChannel {
+    /// Sender to inject messages into the agent loop.
+    msg_tx: mpsc::Sender<IncomingMessage>,
+    /// Receiver the agent loop reads from (taken once by `start()`).
+    msg_rx: Mutex<Option<mpsc::Receiver<IncomingMessage>>>,
+    /// Accumulated capture data.
+    capture: Arc<Mutex<ChannelCapture>>,
+}
+
+impl BenchChannel {
+    pub fn new() -> (Self, mpsc::Sender<IncomingMessage>) {
+        let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(64);
+        let channel = Self {
+            msg_tx: tx.clone(),
+            msg_rx: Mutex::new(Some(rx)),
+            capture: Arc::new(Mutex::new(ChannelCapture::default())),
+        };
+        (channel, tx)
+    }
+
+    /// Get a handle to the capture data.
+    pub fn capture(&self) -> Arc<Mutex<ChannelCapture>> {
+        Arc::clone(&self.capture)
+    }
+
+    /// Get a clone of the message sender for injecting follow-up messages.
+    pub fn sender(&self) -> mpsc::Sender<IncomingMessage> {
+        self.msg_tx.clone()
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl Channel for BenchChannel {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bench"
+    }
+
+    async fn start(&self) -> Result<MessageStream, ChannelError> {
+        let rx = self
+            .msg_rx
+            .lock()
+            .await
+            .take()
+            .ok_or_else(|| ChannelError::StartupFailed {
+                name: "bench".to_string(),
+                reason: "start() already called".to_string(),
+            })?;
+        Ok(Box::pin(ReceiverStream::new(rx)))
+    }
+
+    async fn respond(
+        &self,
+        _msg: &IncomingMessage,
+        response: OutgoingResponse,
+    ) -> Result<(), ChannelError> {
+        let mut cap = self.capture.lock().await;
+        cap.responses.push(response.content.clone());
+        cap.conversation.push(ConversationTurn {
+            role: crate::suite::TurnRole::Assistant,
+            content: response.content,
+        });
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn send_status(
+        &self,
+        status: StatusUpdate,
+        _metadata: &serde_json::Value,
+    ) -> Result<(), ChannelError> {
+        let mut cap = self.capture.lock().await;
+
+        match status {
+            StatusUpdate::ToolCompleted { ref name, success } => {
+                cap.tool_calls.push(TraceToolCall {
+                    name: name.clone(),
+                    duration_ms: 0, // We don't have precise per-tool timing here
+                    success,
+                });
+                cap.status_log
+                    .push(format!("tool_completed: {name} success={success}"));
+            }
+            StatusUpdate::ApprovalNeeded { ref request_id, .. } => {
+                // Auto-approve all tools during benchmarks
+                cap.status_log.push(format!("auto_approved: {request_id}"));
+                drop(cap); // Release lock before sending
+                let approval = IncomingMessage::new("bench", "bench-user", "always");
+                let _ = self.msg_tx.send(approval).await;
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+            StatusUpdate::Thinking(ref msg) => {
+                cap.status_log.push(format!("thinking: {msg}"));
+            }
+            StatusUpdate::ToolStarted { ref name } => {
+                cap.status_log.push(format!("tool_started: {name}"));
+            }
+            StatusUpdate::ToolResult {
+                ref name,
+                ref preview,
+            } => {
+                cap.status_log.push(format!(
+                    "tool_result: {name} -> {}",
+                    &preview[..preview.len().min(100)]
+                ));
+            }
+            StatusUpdate::StreamChunk(_) => {}
+            StatusUpdate::Status(ref msg) => {
+                cap.status_log.push(format!("status: {msg}"));
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn broadcast(
+        &self,
+        _user_id: &str,
+        response: OutgoingResponse,
+    ) -> Result<(), ChannelError> {
+        let mut cap = self.capture.lock().await;
+        cap.status_log.push(format!(
+            "broadcast: {}",
+            &response.content[..response.content.len().min(100)]
+        ));
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn health_check(&self) -> Result<(), ChannelError> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn shutdown(&self) -> Result<(), ChannelError> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_bench_channel_captures_responses() {
+        let (channel, _tx) = BenchChannel::new();
+        let capture = channel.capture();
+
+        let msg = IncomingMessage::new("bench", "user", "hello");
+        let response = OutgoingResponse::text("world");
+        channel.respond(&msg, response).await.unwrap();
+
+        let cap = capture.lock().await;
+        assert_eq!(cap.responses.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(cap.responses[0], "world");
+        assert_eq!(cap.conversation.len(), 1);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_bench_channel_auto_approves() {
+        let (channel, _tx) = BenchChannel::new();
+        // start() to consume the receiver
+        let _stream = channel.start().await.unwrap();
+
+        let status = StatusUpdate::ApprovalNeeded {
+            request_id: "req-1".to_string(),
+            tool_name: "shell".to_string(),
+            description: "run ls".to_string(),
+            parameters: serde_json::json!({}),
+        };
+        channel
+            .send_status(status, &serde_json::Value::Null)
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        // The approval message was sent through msg_tx,
+        // which means the stream would receive it.
+        // We can't easily read from the stream in this test without
+        // consuming it, but we can verify the status log.
+        let capture_arc = channel.capture();
+        let cap = capture_arc.lock().await;
+        assert!(cap.status_log.iter().any(|s| s.contains("auto_approved")));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_bench_channel_captures_tool_events() {
+        let (channel, _tx) = BenchChannel::new();
+
+        let status = StatusUpdate::ToolCompleted {
+            name: "echo".to_string(),
+            success: true,
+        };
+        channel
+            .send_status(status, &serde_json::Value::Null)
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let capture_arc = channel.capture();
+        let cap = capture_arc.lock().await;
+        assert_eq!(cap.tool_calls.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(cap.tool_calls[0].name, "echo");
+        assert!(cap.tool_calls[0].success);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/benchmarks/src/config.rs b/benchmarks/src/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..eb492e0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/src/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use serde::Deserialize;
+
+use crate::error::BenchError;
+
+/// Top-level bench configuration, loaded from TOML.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
+pub struct BenchConfig {
+    /// Where to write results. Default: "./bench-results".
+    #[serde(default = "default_results_dir")]
+    pub results_dir: PathBuf,
+
+    /// Per-task timeout. Default: "300s".
+    #[serde(
+        default = "default_task_timeout",
+        deserialize_with = "deserialize_duration"
+    )]
+    pub task_timeout: Duration,
+
+    /// Max agent iterations per task. Default: 15.
+    #[serde(default = "default_max_iterations")]
+    pub max_iterations: usize,
+
+    /// How many tasks to run in parallel. Default: 1.
+    #[serde(default = "default_parallelism")]
+    pub parallelism: usize,
+
+    /// Model/config matrix entries. At least one required.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub matrix: Vec<MatrixEntry>,
+
+    /// Suite-specific configuration (passed through to adapter).
+    #[serde(default = "default_suite_config")]
+    pub suite_config: toml::Value,
+}
+
+/// A single model/config combination to benchmark.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
+pub struct MatrixEntry {
+    /// Label for this configuration (used in results).
+    pub label: String,
+
+    /// Model identifier.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub model: Option<String>,
+
+    /// Optional tool allowlist. If set, only these tools are available.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub tools: Option<Vec<String>>,
+}
+
+impl BenchConfig {
+    /// Load from a TOML file.
+    pub fn from_file(path: &Path) -> Result<Self, BenchError> {
+        if !path.exists() {
+            return Err(BenchError::ConfigNotFound {
+                path: path.to_path_buf(),
+            });
+        }
+        let content = std::fs::read_to_string(path)?;
+        let config: BenchConfig = toml::from_str(&content)?;
+        Ok(config)
+    }
+
+    /// Create a minimal config for when no config file is provided.
+    /// Uses defaults and optional CLI overrides.
+    pub fn minimal(model: Option<String>) -> Self {
+        let label = model.as_deref().unwrap_or("default").to_string();
+        Self {
+            results_dir: default_results_dir(),
+            task_timeout: default_task_timeout(),
+            max_iterations: default_max_iterations(),
+            parallelism: default_parallelism(),
+            matrix: vec![MatrixEntry {
+                label,
+                model,
+                tools: None,
+            }],
+            suite_config: toml::Value::Table(toml::map::Map::new()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Get the suite_config as a generic map for adapter use.
+    pub fn suite_config_map(&self) -> toml::map::Map<String, toml::Value> {
+        match &self.suite_config {
+            toml::Value::Table(map) => map.clone(),
+            _ => toml::map::Map::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Get a string value from suite_config.
+    pub fn suite_config_str(&self, key: &str) -> Option<String> {
+        self.suite_config_map()
+            .get(key)
+            .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
+            .map(|s| s.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+fn default_suite_config() -> toml::Value {
+    toml::Value::Table(toml::map::Map::new())
+}
+
+fn default_results_dir() -> PathBuf {
+    PathBuf::from("./bench-results")
+}
+
+fn default_task_timeout() -> Duration {
+    Duration::from_secs(300)
+}
+
+fn default_max_iterations() -> usize {
+    15
+}
+
+fn default_parallelism() -> usize {
+    1
+}
+
+/// Deserialize a duration from a string like "300s", "5m", etc.
+fn deserialize_duration<'de, D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Duration, D::Error>
+where
+    D: serde::Deserializer<'de>,
+{
+    let s = String::deserialize(deserializer)?;
+    parse_duration(&s).map_err(serde::de::Error::custom)
+}
+
+fn parse_duration(s: &str) -> Result<Duration, String> {
+    let s = s.trim();
+    if let Some(secs) = s.strip_suffix('s') {
+        secs.trim()
+            .parse::<u64>()
+            .map(Duration::from_secs)
+            .map_err(|e| format!("invalid seconds: {e}"))
+    } else if let Some(mins) = s.strip_suffix('m') {
+        mins.trim()
+            .parse::<u64>()
+            .map(|m| Duration::from_secs(m * 60))
+            .map_err(|e| format!("invalid minutes: {e}"))
+    } else {
+        // Assume seconds if no suffix
+        s.parse::<u64>()
+            .map(Duration::from_secs)
+            .map_err(|e| format!("invalid duration '{s}': {e}"))
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_duration() {
+        assert_eq!(parse_duration("300s").unwrap(), Duration::from_secs(300));
+        assert_eq!(parse_duration("5m").unwrap(), Duration::from_secs(300));
+        assert_eq!(parse_duration("60").unwrap(), Duration::from_secs(60));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_minimal_config() {
+        let config = BenchConfig::minimal(Some("test-model".to_string()));
+        assert_eq!(config.matrix.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(config.matrix[0].label, "test-model");
+        assert_eq!(config.max_iterations, 15);
+        assert_eq!(config.parallelism, 1);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_config_from_toml() {
+        let toml_str = r#"
+results_dir = "./my-results"
+task_timeout = "60s"
+max_iterations = 10
+parallelism = 2
+
+[[matrix]]
+label = "fast"
+model = "gpt-4o-mini"
+
+[[matrix]]
+label = "full"
+model = "claude-3-5-sonnet"
+tools = ["echo", "time"]
+
+[suite_config]
+dataset_path = "./data/test.jsonl"
+"#;
+        let config: BenchConfig = toml::from_str(toml_str).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(config.results_dir, PathBuf::from("./my-results"));
+        assert_eq!(config.task_timeout, Duration::from_secs(60));
+        assert_eq!(config.max_iterations, 10);
+        assert_eq!(config.parallelism, 2);
+        assert_eq!(config.matrix.len(), 2);
+        assert_eq!(config.matrix[1].tools.as_ref().unwrap().len(), 2);
+        assert_eq!(
+            config.suite_config_str("dataset_path").unwrap(),
+            "./data/test.jsonl"
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/benchmarks/src/error.rs b/benchmarks/src/error.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1eb27f22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/src/error.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum BenchError {
+    #[error("Config error: {0}")]
+    Config(String),
+
+    #[error("Config file not found: {path}")]
+    ConfigNotFound { path: PathBuf },
+
+    #[error("Suite {name} not found. Available: {available}")]
+    SuiteNotFound { name: String, available: String },
+
+    #[error("Task {task_id} failed: {reason}")]
+    TaskFailed { task_id: String, reason: String },
+
+    #[error("Timeout after {seconds}s for task {task_id}")]
+    Timeout { task_id: String, seconds: u64 },
+
+    #[error("Scoring error for task {task_id}: {reason}")]
+    Scoring { task_id: String, reason: String },
+
+    #[error("IO error: {0}")]
+    Io(#[from] std::io::Error),
+
+    #[error("JSON error: {0}")]
+    Json(#[from] serde_json::Error),
+
+    #[error("TOML parse error: {0}")]
+    Toml(#[from] toml::de::Error),
+
+    #[error("Agent error: {0}")]
+    Agent(#[from] ironclaw::Error),
+
+    #[error("Results directory error: {0}")]
+    ResultsDir(String),
+
+    #[error("Resume failed: no completed tasks found in {path}")]
+    ResumeEmpty { path: PathBuf },
+}
diff --git a/benchmarks/src/instrumented_llm.rs b/benchmarks/src/instrumented_llm.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2e4e920a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/src/instrumented_llm.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU32, Ordering};
+use std::time::Instant;
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use rust_decimal::Decimal;
+use tokio::sync::Mutex;
+
+use ironclaw::error::LlmError;
+use ironclaw::llm::{
+    CompletionRequest, CompletionResponse, LlmProvider, ToolCompletionRequest,
+    ToolCompletionResponse,
+};
+
+/// Recorded metrics from a single LLM call.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct LlmCallRecord {
+    pub input_tokens: u32,
+    pub output_tokens: u32,
+    pub duration_ms: u64,
+    pub had_tool_calls: bool,
+}
+
+/// Wraps an `LlmProvider` to record per-call metrics.
+///
+/// The wrapper is transparent to the agent: it delegates every call
+/// to the inner provider and captures token counts and timings.
+pub struct InstrumentedLlm {
+    inner: Arc<dyn LlmProvider>,
+    records: Mutex<Vec<LlmCallRecord>>,
+    total_input_tokens: AtomicU32,
+    total_output_tokens: AtomicU32,
+    call_count: AtomicU32,
+}
+
+impl InstrumentedLlm {
+    pub fn new(inner: Arc<dyn LlmProvider>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            inner,
+            records: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
+            total_input_tokens: AtomicU32::new(0),
+            total_output_tokens: AtomicU32::new(0),
+            call_count: AtomicU32::new(0),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Take all recorded call metrics, clearing the internal buffer.
+    pub async fn take_records(&self) -> Vec<LlmCallRecord> {
+        let mut records = self.records.lock().await;
+        std::mem::take(&mut *records)
+    }
+
+    /// Snapshot of total tokens without clearing.
+    pub fn total_input_tokens(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.total_input_tokens.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+
+    pub fn total_output_tokens(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.total_output_tokens.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+
+    pub fn call_count(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.call_count.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+
+    /// Estimated cost using the inner provider's cost-per-token rates.
+    pub fn estimated_cost(&self) -> f64 {
+        let (input_rate, output_rate) = self.inner.cost_per_token();
+        let input_cost =
+            input_rate * Decimal::from(self.total_input_tokens.load(Ordering::Relaxed));
+        let output_cost =
+            output_rate * Decimal::from(self.total_output_tokens.load(Ordering::Relaxed));
+        let total = input_cost + output_cost;
+        // Convert Decimal to f64 for the trace (benchmarks don't need exact precision)
+        total.to_string().parse::<f64>().unwrap_or(0.0)
+    }
+
+    /// Reset all counters and records.
+    pub async fn reset(&self) {
+        self.records.lock().await.clear();
+        self.total_input_tokens.store(0, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        self.total_output_tokens.store(0, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        self.call_count.store(0, Ordering::Relaxed);
+    }
+
+    async fn record(
+        &self,
+        input_tokens: u32,
+        output_tokens: u32,
+        duration_ms: u64,
+        had_tool_calls: bool,
+    ) {
+        self.total_input_tokens
+            .fetch_add(input_tokens, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        self.total_output_tokens
+            .fetch_add(output_tokens, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        self.call_count.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        self.records.lock().await.push(LlmCallRecord {
+            input_tokens,
+            output_tokens,
+            duration_ms,
+            had_tool_calls,
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl LlmProvider for InstrumentedLlm {
+    fn model_name(&self) -> &str {
+        self.inner.model_name()
+    }
+
+    fn cost_per_token(&self) -> (Decimal, Decimal) {
+        self.inner.cost_per_token()
+    }
+
+    async fn complete(&self, request: CompletionRequest) -> Result<CompletionResponse, LlmError> {
+        let start = Instant::now();
+        let response = self.inner.complete(request).await?;
+        let elapsed = start.elapsed().as_millis() as u64;
+        self.record(
+            response.input_tokens,
+            response.output_tokens,
+            elapsed,
+            false,
+        )
+        .await;
+        Ok(response)
+    }
+
+    async fn complete_with_tools(
+        &self,
+        request: ToolCompletionRequest,
+    ) -> Result<ToolCompletionResponse, LlmError> {
+        let start = Instant::now();
+        let response = self.inner.complete_with_tools(request).await?;
+        let elapsed = start.elapsed().as_millis() as u64;
+        let had_tool_calls = !response.tool_calls.is_empty();
+        self.record(
+            response.input_tokens,
+            response.output_tokens,
+            elapsed,
+            had_tool_calls,
+        )
+        .await;
+        Ok(response)
+    }
+
+    async fn list_models(&self) -> Result<Vec<String>, LlmError> {
+        self.inner.list_models().await
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use ironclaw::llm::{ChatMessage, CompletionRequest, CompletionResponse, FinishReason};
+
+    /// Fake LLM that returns a canned response with known token counts.
+    struct FakeLlm;
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    impl LlmProvider for FakeLlm {
+        fn model_name(&self) -> &str {
+            "fake-model"
+        }
+
+        fn cost_per_token(&self) -> (Decimal, Decimal) {
+            (
+                Decimal::new(3, 6),  // $0.000003 per input token
+                Decimal::new(15, 6), // $0.000015 per output token
+            )
+        }
+
+        async fn complete(
+            &self,
+            _request: CompletionRequest,
+        ) -> Result<CompletionResponse, LlmError> {
+            Ok(CompletionResponse {
+                content: "test response".to_string(),
+                input_tokens: 100,
+                output_tokens: 50,
+                finish_reason: FinishReason::Stop,
+            })
+        }
+
+        async fn complete_with_tools(
+            &self,
+            _request: ToolCompletionRequest,
+        ) -> Result<ToolCompletionResponse, LlmError> {
+            Ok(ToolCompletionResponse {
+                content: Some("tool response".to_string()),
+                tool_calls: vec![],
+                input_tokens: 200,
+                output_tokens: 100,
+                finish_reason: FinishReason::Stop,
+            })
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_instrumented_records_metrics() {
+        let inner = Arc::new(FakeLlm);
+        let instrumented = InstrumentedLlm::new(inner);
+
+        let request = CompletionRequest::new(vec![ChatMessage::user("hello")]);
+        let _ = instrumented.complete(request).await.unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(instrumented.call_count(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(instrumented.total_input_tokens(), 100);
+        assert_eq!(instrumented.total_output_tokens(), 50);
+
+        let records = instrumented.take_records().await;
+        assert_eq!(records.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(records[0].input_tokens, 100);
+        assert!(!records[0].had_tool_calls);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_instrumented_cost_calculation() {
+        let inner = Arc::new(FakeLlm);
+        let instrumented = InstrumentedLlm::new(inner);
+
+        let request = CompletionRequest::new(vec![ChatMessage::user("hello")]);
+        let _ = instrumented.complete(request).await.unwrap();
+
+        // 100 * 0.000003 + 50 * 0.000015 = 0.0003 + 0.00075 = 0.00105
+        let cost = instrumented.estimated_cost();
+        assert!((cost - 0.00105).abs() < 0.0001);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_instrumented_reset() {
+        let inner = Arc::new(FakeLlm);
+        let instrumented = InstrumentedLlm::new(inner);
+
+        let request = CompletionRequest::new(vec![ChatMessage::user("hello")]);
+        let _ = instrumented.complete(request).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(instrumented.call_count(), 1);
+
+        instrumented.reset().await;
+        assert_eq!(instrumented.call_count(), 0);
+        assert_eq!(instrumented.total_input_tokens(), 0);
+
+        let records = instrumented.take_records().await;
+        assert!(records.is_empty());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/benchmarks/src/main.rs b/benchmarks/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0e1afe36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+mod adapters;
+mod channel;
+mod config;
+mod error;
+mod instrumented_llm;
+mod results;
+mod runner;
+mod scoring;
+mod suite;
+
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use clap::{Parser, Subcommand};
+use tracing_subscriber::{EnvFilter, layer::SubscriberExt, util::SubscriberInitExt};
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+use crate::config::BenchConfig;
+
+#[derive(Parser)]
+#[command(name = "ironclaw-bench", about = "IronClaw benchmarking harness")]
+struct Cli {
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    command: Commands,
+}
+
+#[derive(Subcommand)]
+enum Commands {
+    /// Run a benchmark suite.
+    Run {
+        /// Suite to run (custom, gaia, tau_bench, swe_bench).
+        #[arg(long)]
+        suite: String,
+
+        /// Path to bench config TOML.
+        #[arg(long)]
+        config: Option<PathBuf>,
+
+        /// Override model for all matrix entries.
+        #[arg(long)]
+        model: Option<String>,
+
+        /// Max tasks to run in parallel.
+        #[arg(long)]
+        parallelism: Option<usize>,
+
+        /// Sample N tasks from the suite (for quick testing).
+        #[arg(long)]
+        sample: Option<usize>,
+
+        /// Only run these task IDs (comma-separated).
+        #[arg(long, value_delimiter = ',')]
+        task_ids: Option<Vec<String>>,
+
+        /// Only run tasks with these tags (comma-separated).
+        #[arg(long, value_delimiter = ',')]
+        tags: Option<Vec<String>>,
+
+        /// Per-task timeout in seconds.
+        #[arg(long)]
+        timeout_secs: Option<u64>,
+
+        /// Override results directory.
+        #[arg(long)]
+        results_dir: Option<PathBuf>,
+
+        /// Resume a previous run by ID.
+        #[arg(long)]
+        resume: Option<Uuid>,
+    },
+
+    /// Show results for a run.
+    Results {
+        /// Run ID or "latest".
+        #[arg(default_value = "latest")]
+        run_id: String,
+
+        /// Output format.
+        #[arg(long, default_value = "table")]
+        format: ResultsFormat,
+
+        /// Override results directory.
+        #[arg(long)]
+        results_dir: Option<PathBuf>,
+    },
+
+    /// Compare two runs.
+    Compare {
+        /// Baseline run ID.
+        baseline: Uuid,
+
+        /// Comparison run ID.
+        comparison: Uuid,
+
+        /// Override results directory.
+        #[arg(long)]
+        results_dir: Option<PathBuf>,
+    },
+
+    /// List available benchmark suites.
+    List,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, clap::ValueEnum)]
+enum ResultsFormat {
+    Table,
+    Json,
+    Csv,
+}
+
+#[tokio::main]
+async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let cli = Cli::parse();
+
+    tracing_subscriber::registry()
+        .with(
+            EnvFilter::try_from_default_env()
+                .unwrap_or_else(|_| EnvFilter::new("ironclaw_bench=info,ironclaw=warn")),
+        )
+        .with(tracing_subscriber::fmt::layer().with_target(false))
+        .init();
+
+    match cli.command {
+        Commands::List => {
+            println!("Available benchmark suites:\n");
+            for (id, desc) in adapters::KNOWN_SUITES {
+                println!("  {:<15} {}", id, desc);
+            }
+            println!();
+        }
+        Commands::Run {
+            suite,
+            config: config_path,
+            model,
+            parallelism,
+            sample,
+            task_ids,
+            tags,
+            timeout_secs,
+            results_dir,
+            resume,
+        } => {
+            // Load or create config
+            let mut bench_config = if let Some(ref path) = config_path {
+                BenchConfig::from_file(path)?
+            } else {
+                BenchConfig::minimal(model.clone())
+            };
+
+            // Apply CLI overrides
+            if let Some(p) = parallelism {
+                bench_config.parallelism = p;
+            }
+            if let Some(t) = timeout_secs {
+                bench_config.task_timeout = std::time::Duration::from_secs(t);
+            }
+            if let Some(ref dir) = results_dir {
+                bench_config.results_dir = dir.clone();
+            }
+
+            // If model override specified and we have matrix entries, update them
+            if let Some(ref m) = model {
+                for entry in &mut bench_config.matrix {
+                    entry.model = Some(m.clone());
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Create suite
+            let bench_suite = adapters::create_suite(&suite, &bench_config)?;
+
+            // Initialize ironclaw LLM provider
+            let ironclaw_config = ironclaw::Config::from_env().map_err(|e| {
+                anyhow::anyhow!(
+                    "Failed to load ironclaw config: {}. Make sure .env is configured.",
+                    e
+                )
+            })?;
+
+            let session = ironclaw::llm::create_session_manager(ironclaw::llm::SessionConfig {
+                auth_base_url: ironclaw_config.llm.nearai.auth_base_url.clone(),
+                session_path: ironclaw_config.llm.nearai.session_path.clone(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await;
+            session.ensure_authenticated().await?;
+
+            let llm = ironclaw::llm::create_llm_provider(&ironclaw_config.llm, session)?;
+            let safety = Arc::new(ironclaw::safety::SafetyLayer::new(&ironclaw_config.safety));
+
+            let runner = runner::BenchRunner::new(bench_suite, bench_config.clone(), llm, safety);
+
+            // Run for each matrix entry
+            for matrix_entry in &bench_config.matrix {
+                let run_id = runner
+                    .run(
+                        matrix_entry,
+                        sample,
+                        task_ids.as_deref(),
+                        tags.as_deref(),
+                        resume,
+                    )
+                    .await?;
+                println!("Run complete: {}", run_id);
+            }
+        }
+        Commands::Results {
+            run_id,
+            format,
+            results_dir,
+        } => {
+            let base = results_dir.unwrap_or_else(|| PathBuf::from("./bench-results"));
+            let uuid = if run_id == "latest" {
+                results::find_latest_run(&base)?
+                    .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("No runs found in {}", base.display()))?
+            } else {
+                Uuid::parse_str(&run_id)?
+            };
+
+            let json_path = results::run_json_path(&base, uuid);
+            let jsonl_path = results::tasks_jsonl_path(&base, uuid);
+
+            let run = results::read_run_result(&json_path)?;
+            let tasks = results::read_task_results(&jsonl_path)?;
+
+            match format {
+                ResultsFormat::Table => {
+                    results::print_results_table(&tasks, &run);
+                }
+                ResultsFormat::Json => {
+                    let output = serde_json::json!({
+                        "run": run,
+                        "tasks": tasks,
+                    });
+                    println!("{}", serde_json::to_string_pretty(&output)?);
+                }
+                ResultsFormat::Csv => {
+                    println!("task_id,score,label,tokens,cost,turns,time_s");
+                    for task in &tasks {
+                        println!(
+                            "{},{:.3},{},{},{:.4},{},{:.1}",
+                            task.task_id,
+                            task.score.value,
+                            task.score.label,
+                            task.trace.input_tokens + task.trace.output_tokens,
+                            task.trace.estimated_cost_usd,
+                            task.trace.turns,
+                            task.trace.wall_time_ms as f64 / 1000.0,
+                        );
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Commands::Compare {
+            baseline,
+            comparison,
+            results_dir,
+        } => {
+            let base = results_dir.unwrap_or_else(|| PathBuf::from("./bench-results"));
+
+            let baseline_run = results::read_run_result(&results::run_json_path(&base, baseline))?;
+            let comparison_run =
+                results::read_run_result(&results::run_json_path(&base, comparison))?;
+
+            println!("\nComparison: {} vs {}\n", baseline, comparison);
+            println!(
+                "{:<20} {:>12} {:>12} {:>10}",
+                "Metric", "Baseline", "Comparison", "Delta"
+            );
+            println!("{}", "-".repeat(58));
+
+            let pass_delta = comparison_run.pass_rate - baseline_run.pass_rate;
+            println!(
+                "{:<20} {:>11.1}% {:>11.1}% {:>+9.1}%",
+                "Pass rate",
+                baseline_run.pass_rate * 100.0,
+                comparison_run.pass_rate * 100.0,
+                pass_delta * 100.0,
+            );
+
+            let score_delta = comparison_run.avg_score - baseline_run.avg_score;
+            println!(
+                "{:<20} {:>12.3} {:>12.3} {:>+10.3}",
+                "Avg score", baseline_run.avg_score, comparison_run.avg_score, score_delta,
+            );
+
+            let cost_delta = comparison_run.total_cost_usd - baseline_run.total_cost_usd;
+            println!(
+                "{:<20} {:>11.4}$ {:>11.4}$ {:>+9.4}$",
+                "Total cost",
+                baseline_run.total_cost_usd,
+                comparison_run.total_cost_usd,
+                cost_delta,
+            );
+
+            let time_b = baseline_run.total_wall_time_ms as f64 / 1000.0;
+            let time_c = comparison_run.total_wall_time_ms as f64 / 1000.0;
+            println!(
+                "{:<20} {:>11.1}s {:>11.1}s {:>+9.1}s",
+                "Total time",
+                time_b,
+                time_c,
+                time_c - time_b,
+            );
+
+            println!(
+                "{:<20} {:>12} {:>12}",
+                "Model", baseline_run.model, comparison_run.model,
+            );
+            println!();
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/benchmarks/src/results.rs b/benchmarks/src/results.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7aa33363
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/src/results.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,392 @@
+use std::collections::HashSet;
+use std::io::{BufRead, Write};
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+use crate::error::BenchError;
+use crate::suite::BenchScore;
+
+/// Metrics from a single task run: LLM usage, timing, tool calls.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
+pub struct Trace {
+    pub wall_time_ms: u64,
+    pub llm_calls: u32,
+    pub input_tokens: u32,
+    pub output_tokens: u32,
+    pub estimated_cost_usd: f64,
+    pub tool_calls: Vec<TraceToolCall>,
+    pub turns: u32,
+    pub hit_iteration_limit: bool,
+    pub hit_timeout: bool,
+}
+
+impl Trace {
+    pub fn wall_time(&self) -> Duration {
+        Duration::from_millis(self.wall_time_ms)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
+pub struct TraceToolCall {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub duration_ms: u64,
+    pub success: bool,
+}
+
+/// Result of running a single benchmark task.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
+pub struct TaskResult {
+    pub task_id: String,
+    pub suite_id: String,
+    pub score: BenchScore,
+    pub trace: Trace,
+    pub response: String,
+    pub started_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub finished_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub config_label: String,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub error: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// Aggregate results for a full benchmark run.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
+pub struct RunResult {
+    pub run_id: Uuid,
+    pub suite_id: String,
+    pub config_label: String,
+    pub model: String,
+    pub pass_rate: f64,
+    pub avg_score: f64,
+    pub total_tasks: usize,
+    pub completed_tasks: usize,
+    pub total_cost_usd: f64,
+    pub total_wall_time_ms: u64,
+    pub started_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub finished_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+}
+
+impl RunResult {
+    /// Build aggregate from individual task results.
+    pub fn from_tasks(
+        run_id: Uuid,
+        suite_id: &str,
+        config_label: &str,
+        model: &str,
+        total_tasks: usize,
+        tasks: &[TaskResult],
+        started_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let pass_count = tasks.iter().filter(|t| t.score.value >= 1.0).count();
+        let pass_rate = if tasks.is_empty() {
+            0.0
+        } else {
+            pass_count as f64 / tasks.len() as f64
+        };
+        let avg_score = if tasks.is_empty() {
+            0.0
+        } else {
+            tasks.iter().map(|t| t.score.value).sum::<f64>() / tasks.len() as f64
+        };
+        let total_cost: f64 = tasks.iter().map(|t| t.trace.estimated_cost_usd).sum();
+        let total_wall: u64 = tasks.iter().map(|t| t.trace.wall_time_ms).sum();
+
+        Self {
+            run_id,
+            suite_id: suite_id.to_string(),
+            config_label: config_label.to_string(),
+            model: model.to_string(),
+            pass_rate,
+            avg_score,
+            total_tasks,
+            completed_tasks: tasks.len(),
+            total_cost_usd: total_cost,
+            total_wall_time_ms: total_wall,
+            started_at,
+            finished_at: Utc::now(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn total_wall_time(&self) -> Duration {
+        Duration::from_millis(self.total_wall_time_ms)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Append a single task result as one JSON line to the JSONL file.
+pub fn append_task_result(path: &Path, result: &TaskResult) -> Result<(), BenchError> {
+    let mut file = std::fs::OpenOptions::new()
+        .create(true)
+        .append(true)
+        .open(path)?;
+    let line = serde_json::to_string(result)?;
+    writeln!(file, "{line}")?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Read all task results from a JSONL file.
+pub fn read_task_results(path: &Path) -> Result<Vec<TaskResult>, BenchError> {
+    if !path.exists() {
+        return Ok(Vec::new());
+    }
+    let file = std::fs::File::open(path)?;
+    let reader = std::io::BufReader::new(file);
+    let mut results = Vec::new();
+    for line in reader.lines() {
+        let line = line?;
+        let trimmed = line.trim();
+        if trimmed.is_empty() {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let result: TaskResult = serde_json::from_str(trimmed)?;
+        results.push(result);
+    }
+    Ok(results)
+}
+
+/// Write the aggregate run result as JSON.
+pub fn write_run_result(path: &Path, result: &RunResult) -> Result<(), BenchError> {
+    let json = serde_json::to_string_pretty(result)?;
+    std::fs::write(path, json)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Read the aggregate run result from JSON.
+pub fn read_run_result(path: &Path) -> Result<RunResult, BenchError> {
+    let json = std::fs::read_to_string(path)?;
+    let result: RunResult = serde_json::from_str(&json)?;
+    Ok(result)
+}
+
+/// Get the set of already-completed task IDs from a JSONL file (for resume).
+pub fn completed_task_ids(path: &Path) -> Result<HashSet<String>, BenchError> {
+    let results = read_task_results(path)?;
+    Ok(results.into_iter().map(|r| r.task_id).collect())
+}
+
+/// Get the results directory for a specific run.
+pub fn run_dir(base: &Path, run_id: Uuid) -> PathBuf {
+    base.join(run_id.to_string())
+}
+
+/// Get the tasks JSONL path for a run.
+pub fn tasks_jsonl_path(base: &Path, run_id: Uuid) -> PathBuf {
+    run_dir(base, run_id).join("tasks.jsonl")
+}
+
+/// Get the run JSON path for a run.
+pub fn run_json_path(base: &Path, run_id: Uuid) -> PathBuf {
+    run_dir(base, run_id).join("run.json")
+}
+
+/// Find the latest run directory (by modification time).
+pub fn find_latest_run(base: &Path) -> Result<Option<Uuid>, BenchError> {
+    if !base.exists() {
+        return Ok(None);
+    }
+    let mut entries: Vec<_> = std::fs::read_dir(base)?
+        .filter_map(|e| e.ok())
+        .filter(|e| e.file_type().map(|ft| ft.is_dir()).unwrap_or(false))
+        .filter_map(|e| {
+            let name = e.file_name().to_string_lossy().to_string();
+            let uuid = Uuid::parse_str(&name).ok()?;
+            let modified = e.metadata().ok()?.modified().ok()?;
+            Some((uuid, modified))
+        })
+        .collect();
+    entries.sort_by(|a, b| b.1.cmp(&a.1));
+    Ok(entries.first().map(|(uuid, _)| *uuid))
+}
+
+/// Print a summary table of task results.
+pub fn print_results_table(tasks: &[TaskResult], run: &RunResult) {
+    println!();
+    println!(
+        "Run: {} | Suite: {} | Config: {} | Model: {}",
+        run.run_id, run.suite_id, run.config_label, run.model
+    );
+    println!(
+        "Pass rate: {:.1}% | Avg score: {:.3} | Tasks: {}/{} | Cost: ${:.4} | Time: {:.1}s",
+        run.pass_rate * 100.0,
+        run.avg_score,
+        run.completed_tasks,
+        run.total_tasks,
+        run.total_cost_usd,
+        run.total_wall_time_ms as f64 / 1000.0,
+    );
+    println!();
+
+    // Header
+    println!(
+        "{:<30} {:>6} {:>7} {:>8} {:>10} {:>6} {:>8}",
+        "Task ID", "Score", "Label", "Tokens", "Cost", "Turns", "Time"
+    );
+    println!("{}", "-".repeat(80));
+
+    for task in tasks {
+        let total_tokens = task.trace.input_tokens + task.trace.output_tokens;
+        let task_id_display = if task.task_id.len() > 28 {
+            format!("{}...", &task.task_id[..25])
+        } else {
+            task.task_id.clone()
+        };
+        println!(
+            "{:<30} {:>6.3} {:>7} {:>8} {:>10.4} {:>6} {:>7.1}s",
+            task_id_display,
+            task.score.value,
+            task.score.label,
+            total_tokens,
+            task.trace.estimated_cost_usd,
+            task.trace.turns,
+            task.trace.wall_time_ms as f64 / 1000.0,
+        );
+    }
+    println!();
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_run_result_from_tasks() {
+        let tasks = vec![
+            TaskResult {
+                task_id: "t1".to_string(),
+                suite_id: "custom".to_string(),
+                score: BenchScore {
+                    value: 1.0,
+                    label: "pass".to_string(),
+                    details: None,
+                },
+                trace: Trace {
+                    wall_time_ms: 1000,
+                    llm_calls: 2,
+                    input_tokens: 100,
+                    output_tokens: 50,
+                    estimated_cost_usd: 0.01,
+                    tool_calls: vec![],
+                    turns: 1,
+                    hit_iteration_limit: false,
+                    hit_timeout: false,
+                },
+                response: "answer".to_string(),
+                started_at: Utc::now(),
+                finished_at: Utc::now(),
+                config_label: "default".to_string(),
+                error: None,
+            },
+            TaskResult {
+                task_id: "t2".to_string(),
+                suite_id: "custom".to_string(),
+                score: BenchScore {
+                    value: 0.0,
+                    label: "fail".to_string(),
+                    details: Some("wrong".to_string()),
+                },
+                trace: Trace {
+                    wall_time_ms: 2000,
+                    llm_calls: 3,
+                    input_tokens: 200,
+                    output_tokens: 100,
+                    estimated_cost_usd: 0.02,
+                    tool_calls: vec![],
+                    turns: 2,
+                    hit_iteration_limit: false,
+                    hit_timeout: false,
+                },
+                response: "wrong answer".to_string(),
+                started_at: Utc::now(),
+                finished_at: Utc::now(),
+                config_label: "default".to_string(),
+                error: None,
+            },
+        ];
+
+        let run = RunResult::from_tasks(
+            Uuid::new_v4(),
+            "custom",
+            "default",
+            "test-model",
+            2,
+            &tasks,
+            Utc::now(),
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(run.pass_rate, 0.5);
+        assert_eq!(run.avg_score, 0.5);
+        assert_eq!(run.total_tasks, 2);
+        assert_eq!(run.completed_tasks, 2);
+        assert!((run.total_cost_usd - 0.03).abs() < f64::EPSILON);
+        assert_eq!(run.total_wall_time_ms, 3000);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_jsonl_roundtrip() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().expect("temp dir");
+        let path = dir.path().join("tasks.jsonl");
+
+        let result = TaskResult {
+            task_id: "round-trip-test".to_string(),
+            suite_id: "custom".to_string(),
+            score: BenchScore::pass(),
+            trace: Trace {
+                wall_time_ms: 500,
+                llm_calls: 1,
+                input_tokens: 10,
+                output_tokens: 5,
+                estimated_cost_usd: 0.001,
+                tool_calls: vec![],
+                turns: 1,
+                hit_iteration_limit: false,
+                hit_timeout: false,
+            },
+            response: "hello".to_string(),
+            started_at: Utc::now(),
+            finished_at: Utc::now(),
+            config_label: "test".to_string(),
+            error: None,
+        };
+
+        append_task_result(&path, &result).expect("append");
+        append_task_result(&path, &result).expect("append");
+
+        let loaded = read_task_results(&path).expect("read");
+        assert_eq!(loaded.len(), 2);
+        assert_eq!(loaded[0].task_id, "round-trip-test");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_completed_task_ids() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().expect("temp dir");
+        let path = dir.path().join("tasks.jsonl");
+
+        let result = TaskResult {
+            task_id: "unique-id-1".to_string(),
+            suite_id: "custom".to_string(),
+            score: BenchScore::pass(),
+            trace: Trace {
+                wall_time_ms: 100,
+                llm_calls: 1,
+                input_tokens: 10,
+                output_tokens: 5,
+                estimated_cost_usd: 0.0,
+                tool_calls: vec![],
+                turns: 1,
+                hit_iteration_limit: false,
+                hit_timeout: false,
+            },
+            response: "x".to_string(),
+            started_at: Utc::now(),
+            finished_at: Utc::now(),
+            config_label: "test".to_string(),
+            error: None,
+        };
+        append_task_result(&path, &result).expect("append");
+
+        let ids = completed_task_ids(&path).expect("ids");
+        assert!(ids.contains("unique-id-1"));
+        assert!(!ids.contains("unique-id-2"));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/benchmarks/src/runner.rs b/benchmarks/src/runner.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..68e839e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/src/runner.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,460 @@
+use std::collections::HashSet;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::Instant;
+
+use chrono::Utc;
+use tokio::sync::Mutex;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+use ironclaw::agent::{Agent, AgentDeps};
+use ironclaw::channels::{ChannelManager, IncomingMessage};
+use ironclaw::config::AgentConfig;
+use ironclaw::llm::LlmProvider;
+use ironclaw::safety::SafetyLayer;
+use ironclaw::tools::ToolRegistry;
+
+use crate::channel::BenchChannel;
+use crate::config::{BenchConfig, MatrixEntry};
+use crate::error::BenchError;
+use crate::instrumented_llm::InstrumentedLlm;
+use crate::results::{
+    RunResult, TaskResult, Trace, append_task_result, completed_task_ids, run_dir, run_json_path,
+    tasks_jsonl_path, write_run_result,
+};
+use crate::suite::{BenchSuite, BenchTask, ConversationTurn, TaskSubmission, TurnRole};
+
+/// Parameters for running a single task in isolation.
+struct TaskRunParams<'a> {
+    task: &'a BenchTask,
+    suite_id: &'a str,
+    config_label: &'a str,
+    llm: Arc<dyn LlmProvider>,
+    safety: Arc<SafetyLayer>,
+    timeout: std::time::Duration,
+    additional_tools: &'a [Arc<dyn ironclaw::tools::Tool>],
+}
+
+/// Orchestrates benchmark execution: loads tasks, runs agent per task,
+/// scores results, writes JSONL output.
+pub struct BenchRunner {
+    suite: Box<dyn BenchSuite>,
+    config: BenchConfig,
+    llm: Arc<dyn LlmProvider>,
+    safety: Arc<SafetyLayer>,
+}
+
+impl BenchRunner {
+    pub fn new(
+        suite: Box<dyn BenchSuite>,
+        config: BenchConfig,
+        llm: Arc<dyn LlmProvider>,
+        safety: Arc<SafetyLayer>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            suite,
+            config,
+            llm,
+            safety,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Run the benchmark for one matrix entry.
+    ///
+    /// Returns the run_id for result retrieval.
+    pub async fn run(
+        &self,
+        matrix: &MatrixEntry,
+        sample: Option<usize>,
+        task_filter: Option<&[String]>,
+        tag_filter: Option<&[String]>,
+        resume_run_id: Option<Uuid>,
+    ) -> Result<Uuid, BenchError> {
+        let run_id = resume_run_id.unwrap_or_else(Uuid::new_v4);
+        let results_base = &self.config.results_dir;
+        let dir = run_dir(results_base, run_id);
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir)?;
+
+        let jsonl_path = tasks_jsonl_path(results_base, run_id);
+        let json_path = run_json_path(results_base, run_id);
+
+        // Load completed task IDs for resume support
+        let completed: HashSet<String> = if resume_run_id.is_some() {
+            completed_task_ids(&jsonl_path)?
+        } else {
+            HashSet::new()
+        };
+
+        if !completed.is_empty() {
+            tracing::info!(
+                "Resuming run {}: {} tasks already completed",
+                run_id,
+                completed.len()
+            );
+        }
+
+        // Load and filter tasks
+        let mut tasks = self.suite.load_tasks().await?;
+
+        if let Some(ids) = task_filter {
+            let id_set: HashSet<&str> = ids.iter().map(|s| s.as_str()).collect();
+            tasks.retain(|t| id_set.contains(t.id.as_str()));
+        }
+
+        if let Some(tags) = tag_filter {
+            let tag_set: HashSet<&str> = tags.iter().map(|s| s.as_str()).collect();
+            tasks.retain(|t| t.tags.iter().any(|tag| tag_set.contains(tag.as_str())));
+        }
+
+        // Filter out already-completed tasks
+        tasks.retain(|t| !completed.contains(&t.id));
+
+        // Sample if requested
+        if let Some(n) = sample {
+            tasks.truncate(n);
+        }
+
+        let total_tasks = tasks.len() + completed.len();
+        tracing::info!(
+            "Running {} tasks for suite '{}' (config: {}, run: {})",
+            tasks.len(),
+            self.suite.id(),
+            matrix.label,
+            run_id
+        );
+
+        let started_at = Utc::now();
+        let all_results: Arc<Mutex<Vec<TaskResult>>> =
+            Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::with_capacity(tasks.len())));
+
+        if self.config.parallelism <= 1 {
+            // Sequential execution
+            let additional_tools = self.suite.additional_tools();
+            for (i, task) in tasks.iter().enumerate() {
+                tracing::info!(
+                    "[{}/{}] Running task: {}",
+                    i + 1 + completed.len(),
+                    total_tasks,
+                    task.id
+                );
+                let params = TaskRunParams {
+                    task,
+                    suite_id: self.suite.id(),
+                    config_label: &matrix.label,
+                    llm: Arc::clone(&self.llm),
+                    safety: Arc::clone(&self.safety),
+                    timeout: task.timeout.unwrap_or(self.config.task_timeout),
+                    additional_tools: &additional_tools,
+                };
+                let result = run_task_isolated(params).await;
+                append_task_result(&jsonl_path, &result)?;
+                all_results.lock().await.push(result);
+            }
+        } else {
+            // Parallel execution with bounded concurrency
+            let semaphore = Arc::new(tokio::sync::Semaphore::new(self.config.parallelism));
+
+            let mut handles = Vec::new();
+            for (i, task) in tasks.into_iter().enumerate() {
+                let sem = Arc::clone(&semaphore);
+                let suite_id = self.suite.id().to_string();
+                let config_label = matrix.label.clone();
+                let llm = Arc::clone(&self.llm);
+                let safety = Arc::clone(&self.safety);
+                let timeout = task.timeout.unwrap_or(self.config.task_timeout);
+                let results_ref = Arc::clone(&all_results);
+                let jsonl = jsonl_path.clone();
+                let completed_count = completed.len();
+                let total = total_tasks;
+                let additional_tools = self.suite.additional_tools();
+
+                handles.push(tokio::spawn(async move {
+                    let _permit = sem.acquire().await.expect("semaphore closed");
+                    tracing::info!(
+                        "[{}/{}] Running task: {}",
+                        i + 1 + completed_count,
+                        total,
+                        task.id
+                    );
+                    let params = TaskRunParams {
+                        task: &task,
+                        suite_id: &suite_id,
+                        config_label: &config_label,
+                        llm,
+                        safety,
+                        timeout,
+                        additional_tools: &additional_tools,
+                    };
+                    let result = run_task_isolated(params).await;
+                    if let Err(e) = append_task_result(&jsonl, &result) {
+                        tracing::error!("Failed to write result for {}: {}", task.id, e);
+                    }
+                    results_ref.lock().await.push(result);
+                }));
+            }
+
+            for handle in handles {
+                if let Err(e) = handle.await {
+                    tracing::error!("Task panicked: {}", e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Score all results
+        let results = all_results.lock().await;
+        let mut scored: Vec<TaskResult> = Vec::with_capacity(results.len());
+        for result in results.iter() {
+            let task_opt = self
+                .suite
+                .load_tasks()
+                .await?
+                .into_iter()
+                .find(|t| t.id == result.task_id);
+
+            if let Some(task) = task_opt {
+                let submission = TaskSubmission {
+                    response: result.response.clone(),
+                    conversation: vec![],
+                    tool_calls: result
+                        .trace
+                        .tool_calls
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|tc| tc.name.clone())
+                        .collect(),
+                };
+                match self.suite.score(&task, &submission).await {
+                    Ok(score) => {
+                        let mut scored_result = result.clone();
+                        scored_result.score = score;
+                        scored.push(scored_result);
+                    }
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        tracing::warn!("Scoring failed for {}: {}", result.task_id, e);
+                        scored.push(result.clone());
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                scored.push(result.clone());
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Combine with any previously completed results for the aggregate
+        let mut all_for_aggregate = crate::results::read_task_results(&jsonl_path)?;
+        // De-duplicate (prefer the newer scored versions)
+        let scored_ids: HashSet<String> = scored.iter().map(|r| r.task_id.clone()).collect();
+        all_for_aggregate.retain(|r| !scored_ids.contains(&r.task_id));
+        all_for_aggregate.extend(scored);
+
+        let model_name = matrix.model.as_deref().unwrap_or(self.llm.model_name());
+
+        let run_result = RunResult::from_tasks(
+            run_id,
+            self.suite.id(),
+            &matrix.label,
+            model_name,
+            total_tasks,
+            &all_for_aggregate,
+            started_at,
+        );
+
+        write_run_result(&json_path, &run_result)?;
+
+        tracing::info!(
+            "Run {} complete: {:.1}% pass rate, {:.3} avg score, ${:.4} cost",
+            run_id,
+            run_result.pass_rate * 100.0,
+            run_result.avg_score,
+            run_result.total_cost_usd,
+        );
+
+        Ok(run_id)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Run a single benchmark task in complete isolation.
+///
+/// Creates a fresh Agent + BenchChannel + InstrumentedLlm for the task,
+/// injects the prompt, waits for the response, and returns the result.
+async fn run_task_isolated(params: TaskRunParams<'_>) -> TaskResult {
+    let TaskRunParams {
+        task,
+        suite_id,
+        config_label,
+        llm,
+        safety,
+        timeout,
+        additional_tools,
+    } = params;
+
+    let started_at = Utc::now();
+    let start = Instant::now();
+
+    // Wrap LLM with instrumentation
+    let instrumented = Arc::new(InstrumentedLlm::new(llm));
+
+    // Create bench channel
+    let (bench_channel, msg_tx) = BenchChannel::new();
+    let capture = bench_channel.capture();
+
+    // Build tool registry
+    let tools = Arc::new(ToolRegistry::new());
+    tools.register_builtin_tools();
+
+    // Register additional suite-specific tools
+    for tool in additional_tools {
+        tools.register(Arc::clone(tool)).await;
+    }
+
+    // Build agent config (minimal, headless)
+    let agent_config = AgentConfig {
+        name: format!("bench-{}", task.id),
+        max_parallel_jobs: 1,
+        job_timeout: timeout,
+        stuck_threshold: timeout,
+        repair_check_interval: timeout + std::time::Duration::from_secs(999),
+        max_repair_attempts: 0,
+        use_planning: false,
+        session_idle_timeout: timeout,
+    };
+
+    let deps = AgentDeps {
+        store: None,
+        llm: instrumented.clone() as Arc<dyn LlmProvider>,
+        safety,
+        tools,
+        workspace: None,
+        extension_manager: None,
+    };
+
+    let mut channels = ChannelManager::new();
+    channels.add(Box::new(bench_channel));
+
+    let agent = Agent::new(agent_config, deps, channels, None, None, None);
+
+    // Build the full prompt with context
+    let full_prompt = if let Some(ref ctx) = task.context {
+        format!("{}\n\nContext:\n{}", task.prompt, ctx)
+    } else {
+        task.prompt.clone()
+    };
+
+    // Inject the task prompt
+    let incoming = IncomingMessage::new("bench", "bench-user", &full_prompt);
+    if msg_tx.send(incoming).await.is_err() {
+        return make_error_result(
+            task,
+            suite_id,
+            config_label,
+            started_at,
+            "failed to send prompt",
+        );
+    }
+
+    // Record prompt in conversation
+    {
+        let mut cap = capture.lock().await;
+        cap.conversation.push(ConversationTurn {
+            role: TurnRole::User,
+            content: full_prompt,
+        });
+    }
+
+    // Run agent with timeout.
+    // After the first response, send /quit to end the session.
+    let quit_tx = msg_tx.clone();
+    let capture_for_quit = Arc::clone(&capture);
+    let quit_handle = tokio::spawn(async move {
+        // Poll for first response
+        loop {
+            tokio::time::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(100)).await;
+            let cap = capture_for_quit.lock().await;
+            if !cap.responses.is_empty() {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        // Give a small grace period for any final status events
+        tokio::time::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(200)).await;
+        let quit = IncomingMessage::new("bench", "bench-user", "/quit");
+        let _ = quit_tx.send(quit).await;
+    });
+
+    let agent_result = tokio::time::timeout(timeout, agent.run()).await;
+
+    quit_handle.abort();
+
+    let wall_time = start.elapsed();
+    let hit_timeout = agent_result.is_err();
+
+    if let Ok(Err(e)) = &agent_result {
+        tracing::warn!("Agent error for task {}: {}", task.id, e);
+    }
+
+    // Extract results from capture
+    let cap = capture.lock().await;
+    let response = cap.responses.last().cloned().unwrap_or_default();
+
+    let trace = Trace {
+        wall_time_ms: wall_time.as_millis() as u64,
+        llm_calls: instrumented.call_count(),
+        input_tokens: instrumented.total_input_tokens(),
+        output_tokens: instrumented.total_output_tokens(),
+        estimated_cost_usd: instrumented.estimated_cost(),
+        tool_calls: cap.tool_calls.clone(),
+        turns: cap.responses.len() as u32,
+        hit_iteration_limit: false,
+        hit_timeout,
+    };
+
+    let error = if hit_timeout {
+        Some(format!("timeout after {}s", timeout.as_secs()))
+    } else if let Ok(Err(e)) = &agent_result {
+        Some(e.to_string())
+    } else {
+        None
+    };
+
+    TaskResult {
+        task_id: task.id.clone(),
+        suite_id: suite_id.to_string(),
+        score: crate::suite::BenchScore {
+            value: 0.0,
+            label: "pending".to_string(),
+            details: None,
+        },
+        trace,
+        response,
+        started_at,
+        finished_at: Utc::now(),
+        config_label: config_label.to_string(),
+        error,
+    }
+}
+
+fn make_error_result(
+    task: &BenchTask,
+    suite_id: &str,
+    config_label: &str,
+    started_at: chrono::DateTime<Utc>,
+    reason: &str,
+) -> TaskResult {
+    TaskResult {
+        task_id: task.id.clone(),
+        suite_id: suite_id.to_string(),
+        score: crate::suite::BenchScore::fail(reason),
+        trace: Trace {
+            wall_time_ms: 0,
+            llm_calls: 0,
+            input_tokens: 0,
+            output_tokens: 0,
+            estimated_cost_usd: 0.0,
+            tool_calls: vec![],
+            turns: 0,
+            hit_iteration_limit: false,
+            hit_timeout: false,
+        },
+        response: String::new(),
+        started_at,
+        finished_at: Utc::now(),
+        config_label: config_label.to_string(),
+        error: Some(reason.to_string()),
+    }
+}
diff --git a/benchmarks/src/scoring.rs b/benchmarks/src/scoring.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..312899e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/src/scoring.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+use regex::Regex;
+
+use crate::suite::BenchScore;
+
+/// Normalize an answer string for comparison: lowercase, trim whitespace,
+/// strip trailing punctuation, collapse internal whitespace.
+pub fn normalize_answer(s: &str) -> String {
+    let trimmed = s.trim().to_lowercase();
+    let collapsed: String = trimmed.split_whitespace().collect::<Vec<_>>().join(" ");
+    collapsed.trim_end_matches(['.', ',', ';', '!']).to_string()
+}
+
+/// Exact match after normalization.
+pub fn exact_match(expected: &str, actual: &str) -> BenchScore {
+    let norm_expected = normalize_answer(expected);
+    let norm_actual = normalize_answer(actual);
+    if norm_expected == norm_actual {
+        BenchScore::pass()
+    } else {
+        BenchScore::fail(format!(
+            "expected \"{norm_expected}\", got \"{norm_actual}\""
+        ))
+    }
+}
+
+/// Check if the actual answer contains the expected substring (normalized).
+pub fn contains_match(expected_substring: &str, actual: &str) -> BenchScore {
+    let norm_expected = normalize_answer(expected_substring);
+    let norm_actual = normalize_answer(actual);
+    if norm_actual.contains(&norm_expected) {
+        BenchScore::pass()
+    } else {
+        BenchScore::fail(format!("response does not contain \"{norm_expected}\""))
+    }
+}
+
+/// Check if the actual answer matches a regex pattern.
+pub fn regex_match(pattern: &str, actual: &str) -> BenchScore {
+    match Regex::new(pattern) {
+        Ok(re) => {
+            if re.is_match(actual) {
+                BenchScore::pass()
+            } else {
+                BenchScore::fail(format!("response does not match pattern /{pattern}/"))
+            }
+        }
+        Err(e) => BenchScore::fail(format!("invalid regex pattern: {e}")),
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_normalize_answer() {
+        assert_eq!(normalize_answer("  Hello   World.  "), "hello world");
+        assert_eq!(normalize_answer("Yes!"), "yes");
+        assert_eq!(normalize_answer("42"), "42");
+        assert_eq!(normalize_answer("  "), "");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_exact_match_pass() {
+        let score = exact_match("Hello World", "  hello   world.  ");
+        assert_eq!(score.value, 1.0);
+        assert_eq!(score.label, "pass");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_exact_match_fail() {
+        let score = exact_match("hello", "world");
+        assert_eq!(score.value, 0.0);
+        assert_eq!(score.label, "fail");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_contains_match_pass() {
+        let score = contains_match("world", "Hello World!");
+        assert_eq!(score.value, 1.0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_contains_match_fail() {
+        let score = contains_match("xyz", "Hello World!");
+        assert_eq!(score.value, 0.0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_regex_match_pass() {
+        let score = regex_match(r"\d{4}", "The year is 2024.");
+        assert_eq!(score.value, 1.0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_regex_match_fail() {
+        let score = regex_match(r"\d{4}", "No numbers here.");
+        assert_eq!(score.value, 0.0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_regex_match_invalid_pattern() {
+        let score = regex_match(r"[invalid", "anything");
+        assert_eq!(score.value, 0.0);
+        assert!(
+            score
+                .details
+                .as_deref()
+                .unwrap_or("")
+                .contains("invalid regex")
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/benchmarks/src/suite.rs b/benchmarks/src/suite.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2f433387
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/src/suite.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+
+use crate::error::BenchError;
+
+/// A single task in a benchmark suite.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
+pub struct BenchTask {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub prompt: String,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub context: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub resources: Vec<TaskResource>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub tags: Vec<String>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub expected_turns: Option<usize>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub timeout: Option<Duration>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub metadata: serde_json::Value,
+}
+
+/// A resource attached to a benchmark task (file, URL, etc.).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
+pub struct TaskResource {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub path: String,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub resource_type: ResourceType,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
+pub enum ResourceType {
+    #[default]
+    File,
+    Url,
+    Directory,
+}
+
+/// What the agent produced for scoring.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct TaskSubmission {
+    pub response: String,
+    pub conversation: Vec<ConversationTurn>,
+    pub tool_calls: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+/// A single turn in a multi-turn conversation.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
+pub struct ConversationTurn {
+    pub role: TurnRole,
+    pub content: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
+pub enum TurnRole {
+    User,
+    Assistant,
+    System,
+}
+
+/// Score for a single task.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
+pub struct BenchScore {
+    /// 0.0 to 1.0 (1.0 = perfect).
+    pub value: f64,
+    /// "pass" / "fail" / "partial".
+    pub label: String,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub details: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl BenchScore {
+    pub fn pass() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            value: 1.0,
+            label: "pass".to_string(),
+            details: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn fail(details: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            value: 0.0,
+            label: "fail".to_string(),
+            details: Some(details.into()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn partial(value: f64, details: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            value: value.clamp(0.0, 1.0),
+            label: "partial".to_string(),
+            details: Some(details.into()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Trait for benchmark suite adapters.
+///
+/// Each suite (GAIA, Tau-bench, custom, etc.) implements this trait
+/// to provide task loading, scoring, and optional lifecycle hooks.
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait BenchSuite: Send + Sync {
+    /// Human-readable name (e.g., "GAIA Validation").
+    fn name(&self) -> &str;
+
+    /// Machine ID (e.g., "gaia").
+    fn id(&self) -> &str;
+
+    /// Load all tasks from the suite's data source.
+    async fn load_tasks(&self) -> Result<Vec<BenchTask>, BenchError>;
+
+    /// Score the agent's submission against the expected answer.
+    async fn score(
+        &self,
+        task: &BenchTask,
+        submission: &TaskSubmission,
+    ) -> Result<BenchScore, BenchError>;
+
+    /// Optional: set up environment before running a task (clone repo, init DB, etc.).
+    async fn setup_task(&self, _task: &BenchTask) -> Result<(), BenchError> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Optional: tear down environment after a task completes.
+    async fn teardown_task(&self, _task: &BenchTask) -> Result<(), BenchError> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Optional: additional tools to register for this suite's tasks.
+    fn additional_tools(&self) -> Vec<Arc<dyn ironclaw::tools::Tool>> {
+        vec![]
+    }
+
+    /// Optional: restrict which tools the agent can use (allowlist).
+    fn tool_whitelist(&self) -> Option<Vec<String>> {
+        None
+    }
+
+    /// Multi-turn: generate next simulated user message based on conversation so far.
+    /// Return `None` to end the conversation.
+    async fn next_user_message(
+        &self,
+        _task: &BenchTask,
+        _conversation: &[ConversationTurn],
+    ) -> Result<Option<String>, BenchError> {
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/channels/web/types.rs b/src/channels/web/types.rs
index 85420211..e476a0f6 100644
--- a/src/channels/web/types.rs
+++ b/src/channels/web/types.rs
@@ -314,6 +314,7 @@ impl WsServerMessage {
             SseEvent::Thinking { .. } => "thinking",
             SseEvent::ToolStarted { .. } => "tool_started",
             SseEvent::ToolCompleted { .. } => "tool_completed",
+            SseEvent::ToolResult { .. } => "tool_result",
             SseEvent::StreamChunk { .. } => "stream_chunk",
             SseEvent::Status { .. } => "status",
             SseEvent::ApprovalNeeded { .. } => "approval_needed",
diff --git a/src/llm/mod.rs b/src/llm/mod.rs
index f2d5ffcb..4990da5f 100644
--- a/src/llm/mod.rs
+++ b/src/llm/mod.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ pub mod session;
 pub use nearai::{ModelInfo, NearAiProvider};
 pub use nearai_chat::NearAiChatProvider;
 pub use provider::{
-    ChatMessage, CompletionRequest, CompletionResponse, LlmProvider, Role, ToolCall,
+    ChatMessage, CompletionRequest, CompletionResponse, FinishReason, LlmProvider, Role, ToolCall,
     ToolCompletionRequest, ToolCompletionResponse, ToolDefinition, ToolResult,
 };
 pub use reasoning::{ActionPlan, Reasoning, ReasoningContext, RespondResult, ToolSelection};